Exodus 15:1-18
The Song of Moses, celebrating God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt, parallels the themes of deliverance and victory in Psalm 68.

Ephesians 4:7-10
Paul references Psalm 68:18 in discussing Christ's ascension and His gifts to the church, highlighting the fulfillment of this psalm in the New Testament.

James 1:27
This verse emphasizes the importance of caring for orphans and widows, reflecting God's heart as described in Psalm 68.God's Majestic Power
Psalm 68:1-4 begins with a call for God to arise and for His enemies to be scattered. This imagery highlights God's supreme authority and power over all creation. Let God arise, let His enemies be scattered; let those who hate Him flee before Him (Psalm 68:1).

God's Care for the Vulnerable
Verses 5-6 describe God as a Father of the fatherless and a defender of widows. This emphasizes His compassion and justice, providing for those who are most vulnerable.

God's Deliverance and Provision
The psalm recounts God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt and His provision in the wilderness (Psalm 68:7-10). It reminds us of God's faithfulness in leading and sustaining His people.

God's Victory and Reign
Verses 11-18 celebrate God's victories over His enemies and His ascension to His holy dwelling. You have ascended on high; You have led captives away (Psalm 68:18) foreshadows Christ's ascension and victory over sin and death.

God's Blessings and Strength
The latter part of the psalm (verses 19-35) praises God for His daily blessings and strength given to His people. It concludes with a call for all kingdoms to recognize God's power and majesty.Trust in God's Sovereignty
In times of trouble, remember that God is in control and has the power to scatter His enemies. Trust in His ultimate authority over all circumstances.

Care for the Vulnerable
As God is a defender of the fatherless and widows, we are called to reflect His character by caring for those in need in our communities.

Remember God's Faithfulness
Reflect on past instances of God's provision and deliverance in your life as a source of encouragement and faith for the future.

Celebrate God's Victory
Rejoice in the victory that Christ has won over sin and death, and live in the freedom and hope that this victory brings.

Acknowledge God's Daily Blessings
Cultivate a heart of gratitude by recognizing and thanking God for His daily provisions and strength.1. God
The central figure in the psalm, God is depicted as a powerful and victorious leader. He is described as the one who arises and scatters His enemies (Psalm 68:1). The Hebrew name used here is "Elohim," emphasizing His might and sovereignty.

2. The Righteous
These are the people who rejoice and are glad in God's presence (Psalm 68:3). They are contrasted with the wicked and are depicted as those who are blessed by God.

3. The Fatherless and Widows
God is described as a "Father to the fatherless and a defender of widows" (Psalm 68:5). This highlights His care and justice for the vulnerable and marginalized.

4. The Solitary
God is said to "set the solitary in families" (Psalm 68:6), indicating His provision and care for those who are alone.

5. The Rebellious
These are the people who dwell in a parched land due to their rebellion against God (Psalm 68:6). They are contrasted with those who are blessed by God.

6. Kings of Armies
The psalm mentions "kings of armies" who flee before God (Psalm 68:12). This illustrates God's power over earthly rulers and their forces.

7. The Women Who Proclaim the News
These are the women who announce the victories of God (Psalm 68:11). They play a role in spreading the message of God's triumph.

8. The Lord
Referred to as "Adonai" in Hebrew, the Lord is depicted as the one who daily bears our burdens and is our salvation (Psalm 68:19-20).

9. The Enemies of God
These are the adversaries who are scattered and driven away by God's presence (Psalm 68:1-2). They represent opposition to God's will and kingdom.

10. The Congregation of Israel
The people of Israel are implied throughout the psalm as the recipients of God's blessings and the witnesses of His mighty acts (Psalm 68:26).1. Bashan
Psalm 68:15: "A mountain of God is the hill of Bashan; a mountain of many peaks is Mount Bashan."
Bashan is a region east of the Jordan River, known for its fertile land and majestic mountains. In the Hebrew text, "Bashan" (בָּשָׁן) is often associated with strength and abundance.

2. Zion
Psalm 68:16: "Why do you gaze in envy, O mountains of many peaks? This is the mountain God chose for His dwelling, where the LORD will surely dwell forever."
Zion refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the Temple was built, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The Hebrew term "Zion" (צִיּוֹן) is central to Jewish and Christian theology as a representation of God's holy city.

3. Sinai
Psalm 68:8: "The earth shook and the heavens poured rain before God, the One on Sinai, before God, the God of Israel."
Mount Sinai is the mountain where Moses received the Ten Commandments. In Hebrew, "Sinai" (סִינַי) is a place of divine revelation and covenant.1. God Arises and Enemies Scatter
The psalm begins with a call for God to arise and for His enemies to be scattered: "God arises. His enemies are scattered, and those who hate Him flee His presence" (Psalm 68:1). This reflects the Hebrew root "קוּם" (qum), meaning "to arise" or "to stand up."

2. The Righteous Rejoice
The righteous are called to rejoice and be glad in God's presence: "But the righteous will be glad and rejoice before God; they will celebrate with joy" (Psalm 68:3).

3. God as a Father to the Fatherless
God is described as a protector and provider: "A father of the fatherless, and a defender of the widows, is God in His holy habitation" (Psalm 68:5).

4. God Leads His People
The psalm recounts God's leadership of His people through the wilderness: "O God, when You went out before Your people, when You marched through the wasteland" (Psalm 68:7).

5. Provision in Abundance
God provides abundantly for His people: "You, O God, sent a plentiful rain; You confirmed Your inheritance when it was weary" (Psalm 68:9).

6. Kings and Armies Flee
The psalm describes the defeat of kings and armies: "The kings of armies flee—they flee! She who waits at home divides the spoil" (Psalm 68:12).

7. Mount Zion as God's Dwelling
Mount Zion is celebrated as God's chosen dwelling place: "Mount Zion, where You dwell" (Psalm 68:16).

8. God's Triumphal Procession
A vivid depiction of God's triumphal procession is given: "They have seen Your procession, O God—the procession of my God and King into the sanctuary" (Psalm 68:24).

9. Nations Submit to God
The psalm envisions nations submitting to God's rule: "Envoys will arrive from Egypt; Cush will stretch out her hands to God" (Psalm 68:31).

10. Praise to God
The psalm concludes with a call to all kingdoms of the earth to sing praises to God: "Sing to God, O kingdoms of the earth; sing praises to the Lord" (Psalm 68:32).1. God's Triumphant Rise
The psalm begins with a call for God to arise and for His enemies to be scattered. This reflects the power and majesty of God as a divine warrior.
^“God arises. His enemies are scattered, and those who hate Him flee His presence.”^ (Psalm 68:1)
The Hebrew word for "arises" (קוּם, qum) conveys the idea of God taking action.

2. The Righteous Rejoice
The psalm contrasts the fate of the wicked with the joy of the righteous, who are called to rejoice before God.
^“But the righteous will be glad and rejoice before God; they will celebrate with joy.”^ (Psalm 68:3)
The Hebrew root for "rejoice" (שָׂמַח, samach) emphasizes a deep, exuberant joy.

3. God as a Father and Defender
God is depicted as a father to the fatherless and a defender of widows, highlighting His care for the vulnerable.
^“A father of the fatherless, and a defender of the widows, is God in His holy habitation.”^ (Psalm 68:5)
The term "defender" (שֹׁפֵט, shofet) can also mean "judge," indicating God's role in justice.

4. God's Deliverance and Provision
The psalm recounts God's deliverance of His people and His provision for them in the wilderness.
^“You sent a plentiful rain, O God; You confirmed Your inheritance when it was weary.”^ (Psalm 68:9)
The Hebrew word for "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) often refers to the land given to Israel.

5. The Majesty of God’s Presence
The imagery of Sinai and the presence of God emphasizes His majesty and power.
^“The earth shook, the heavens poured down rain before God, the One on Sinai, before God, the God of Israel.”^ (Psalm 68:8)
"Sinai" (סִינַי, Sinai) is a symbol of God's covenant and revelation.

6. God’s Victorious Procession
The psalm describes a victorious procession, celebrating God's triumph over His enemies.
^“They have seen Your procession, O God—the march of my God and King into the sanctuary.”^ (Psalm 68:24)
The term "procession" (תַּהֲלֻכָה, tahalukhah) suggests a ceremonial march.

7. The Inclusion of the Nations
The psalm anticipates the inclusion of the nations in worshiping God, pointing to a universal scope of God's reign.
^“Envoys will arrive from Egypt; Cush will stretch out her hands to God.”^ (Psalm 68:31)
"Cush" (כּוּשׁ, Kush) represents distant lands, indicating the reach of God's influence.

8. Praise and Worship
The psalm concludes with a call to all kingdoms of the earth to sing praises to God, acknowledging His sovereignty.
^“Sing to God, O kingdoms of the earth, sing praises to the Lord—Selah”^ (Psalm 68:32)
The Hebrew word "sing" (שִׁיר, shir) is a call to vocal worship.1. God’s Majesty and Power
Psalm 68 opens with a declaration of God's might: "God arises. His enemies are scattered, and those who hate Him flee His presence" (Psalm 68:1). The Hebrew word for "arises" (קוּם, qum) conveys the idea of God taking action, emphasizing His active role in delivering His people and defeating His enemies.

2. Divine Deliverance and Protection
The psalm highlights God's role as a protector and deliverer: "A father of the fatherless, and a defender of the widows, is God in His holy habitation" (Psalm 68:5). This theme underscores God's compassion and justice, providing for the vulnerable and oppressed.

3. God’s Presence with His People
The imagery of God leading His people is prominent: "When You went out before Your people, O God, when You marched through the wasteland" (Psalm 68:7). The Hebrew term for "marched" (צָעַד, tsa'ad) suggests a deliberate and guiding presence, reinforcing the theme of God’s guidance.

4. Victory Over Enemies
The psalm celebrates God's triumph over adversaries: "The Lord gives the command; a great company of women proclaim it: 'Kings and armies flee in haste'" (Psalm 68:11-12). This theme reflects the belief in God's ultimate victory and the establishment of His kingdom.

5. God’s Provision and Blessings
The psalm speaks of God's abundant provision: "You, O God, sent a plentiful rain; You confirmed Your inheritance when it was weary" (Psalm 68:9). The Hebrew word for "plentiful" (רָבָה, ravah) indicates abundance, highlighting God’s generosity and care for His people.

6. Worship and Praise
The call to worship is evident: "Sing to God, sing praises to His name; exalt Him who rides on the clouds" (Psalm 68:4). This theme emphasizes the importance of worship and acknowledging God's sovereignty and majesty.

7. God’s Sovereignty Over Creation
The psalm affirms God’s control over the natural world: "The earth shook, the heavens poured down rain, before God, the One of Sinai" (Psalm 68:8). This reflects the belief in God’s supreme authority over all creation.

8. The Gathering of the Nations
The psalm envisions a future where nations come to worship God: "Envoys will arrive from Egypt; Cush will stretch out her hands to God" (Psalm 68:31). This theme points to the universal scope of God’s reign and the inclusion of all peoples in His worship.

9. God’s Eternal Reign
The psalm concludes with a declaration of God’s eternal kingship: "Ascribe strength to God; His majesty is over Israel, His strength is in the skies" (Psalm 68:34). This theme underscores the everlasting nature of God’s rule and His enduring power.1. Psalm 68:1–2: How can the defeat of enemies described as “vanishing like smoke” be understood in light of historical or scientific plausibility?

2. Psalm 68:4: How does portraying God as “riding on the clouds” align with modern meteorological understanding?

3. Psalm 68:12–14: Is there any archeological evidence that verifies the swift military victories depicted here?

4. Psalm 68:15–16: Why does God seem to favor multiple mountains when other biblical texts emphasize Zion as the central place of worship?

5. Psalm 68:17: Does claiming “tens of thousands” of divine chariots conflict with known historical or archeological data concerning ancient warfare?

1. How does the imagery of God as a conqueror in verses 1-6 resonate with your personal experiences?

2. What can we learn about God's character from the roles He is described as playing (warrior, father, protector) in this Psalm?

3. How does the Psalmist's view of God's treatment of the fatherless and widows (verse 5) influence our responsibility towards the marginalized in society?

4. How can we apply the concept of God "bearing our burdens daily" (verse 19) in our everyday life?

5. How does Psalm 68 shape our understanding of worship?

6. How do verses 7-18 illustrate God's victory over His enemies, and how does that relate to your personal battles?

7. How might you apply the section on praise and worship (verses 19-27) in your personal worship practice?

8. In verse 35, it speaks of God providing strength to His people. How have you experienced God's strength in your life?

9. Why is it important for the Psalmist to acknowledge God as the source of all strength and peace?

10. How can we communicate the truth about God's power to those who do not yet know Him, as suggested in verse 31-32?

11. The Psalm concludes with a call to worship God because of His power. How does this shape our understanding of why we should worship God?

12. What does this Psalm teach about God's view of wickedness and righteousness?

13. How does the imagery used in this Psalm (rain, mountains, wilderness) enhance our understanding of God's character?

14. What does it mean to you that God is described as "a father to the fatherless" and "a defender of widows"?

15. The Psalmist emphasizes God's victories in the past. How can remembering God's past actions strengthen our faith in the present?

16. How does this Psalm address the theme of God's blessing and prosperity?

17. The Psalmist calls all kingdoms to worship God. How can we promote a spirit of unity in worship in our diverse world?

18. How does the Psalmist's view of God's justice affect our understanding of fairness and justice today?

19. Psalm 68 speaks of God's strength being made known to all nations. How can you play a part in this revelation?

20. In what ways does this Psalm challenge you to change your view of God, worship, or how you relate to others?