The term "kings of armies" appears in the context of biblical narratives and poetry, often highlighting the might and power of earthly rulers and their military forces. This phrase is notably found in the poetic and historical books of the Old Testament, where it serves to underscore the grandeur and authority of monarchs who command vast military resources.

Biblical References:

1. Psalm 68:12 : "Kings and their armies flee in haste; she who waits at home divides the plunder." This verse from the Psalms reflects a scene of victory where the kings and their armies are depicted as fleeing, emphasizing the triumph of God's people. The imagery of dividing the plunder suggests a complete and decisive victory, often attributed to divine intervention rather than mere human strength.

2. Judges 5:19 : "Kings came and fought; then the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no plunder of silver." In the Song of Deborah, the "kings of armies" are the Canaanite kings who gathered to battle against Israel. Despite their formidable presence, they were defeated, highlighting the theme of God's deliverance of Israel against overwhelming odds.

Theological Significance:

The concept of "kings of armies" in the Bible often serves to contrast human power with divine sovereignty. While earthly kings may boast of their military might, the biblical narrative consistently points to the ultimate authority of God over all nations and their rulers. This is evident in the repeated instances where God delivers His people from seemingly insurmountable military threats, demonstrating that victory comes not by human strength but by divine intervention.

Historical Context:

In the ancient Near East, kings were often judged by their ability to lead successful military campaigns. The accumulation of wealth and territory through warfare was a common measure of a king's success. The biblical text reflects this cultural reality while simultaneously subverting it by attributing true victory to God's power and purpose.

Literary Context:

The use of the term "kings of armies" in biblical poetry, such as in the Psalms and the Song of Deborah, serves a dual purpose. It not only recounts historical events but also elevates them to a theological plane, where the focus is on God's role as the ultimate King and warrior. This literary device reinforces the message that human kings, regardless of their military prowess, are subject to the will and judgment of God.

Application for Believers:

For believers, the accounts of "kings of armies" serve as a reminder of God's sovereignty and faithfulness. In times of personal or communal crisis, these accounts encourage trust in God's power to deliver and protect, even when faced with formidable challenges. They also call believers to recognize the limitations of human authority and to place their ultimate hope and allegiance in God alone.