Genesis 10:21
New International Version
Sons were also born to Shem, whose older brother was Japheth; Shem was the ancestor of all the sons of Eber.

New Living Translation
Sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth. Shem was the ancestor of all the descendants of Eber.

English Standard Version
To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, children were born.

Berean Standard Bible
And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber.

King James Bible
Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.

New King James Version
And children were born also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder.

New American Standard Bible
Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born.

NASB 1995
Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born.

NASB 1977
And also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born.

Legacy Standard Bible
Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born.

Amplified Bible
Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber [including the Hebrews], the older brother of Japheth, children were born.

Christian Standard Bible
And Shem, Japheth’s older brother, also had sons. Shem was the father of all the sons of Eber.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
And Shem, Japheth’s older brother, also had sons. Shem was the father of all the sons of Eber.

American Standard Version
And unto Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, to him also were children born.

English Revised Version
And unto Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, to him also were children born.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Shem, Japheth's older brother, also had children. [Shem was] the ancestor of all the sons of Eber.

Good News Translation
Shem, the older brother of Japheth, was the ancestor of all the Hebrews.

International Standard Version
Shem, Japheth's older brother, also had descendants. Shem was the father of the descendants of Eber.

Majority Standard Bible
And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber.

NET Bible
And sons were also born to Shem (the older brother of Japheth), the father of all the sons of Eber.

New Heart English Bible
To Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, to him also were children born.

Webster's Bible Translation
To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.

World English Bible
Children were also born to Shem (the elder brother of Japheth), the father of all the children of Eber.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
As for Shem, father of all sons of Eber, the older brother of Japheth, he has also begotten.

Young's Literal Translation
As to Shem, father of all sons of Eber, brother of Japheth the elder, he hath also begotten:

Smith's Literal Translation
And to Shem shall be born, even to him the father of all the sons of Eber, the brother of Japheth the great.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Of Sem also, the father of all children of Heber, the elder brother of Japheth, sons were born.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Likewise, from Shem, the father of all the sons of Heber, the elder brother of Japheth, sons were born.

New American Bible
To Shem also, Japheth’s oldest brother and the ancestor of all the children of Eber, children were born.

New Revised Standard Version
To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, children were born.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, even to him were children born.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Sheem begot sons also, the father of all children of Eber, the brother of Yapheth the great.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And unto Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, to him also were children born.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And to Sem himself also were children born, the father of all the sons of Heber, the brother of Japheth the elder.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Semites
21And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber. 22The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.…

Cross References
Luke 3:35-36
the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, / the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,

1 Chronicles 1:17-27
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech. / Arphaxad was the father of Shelah, and Shelah was the father of Eber. / Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg, because in his days the earth was divided, and his brother was named Joktan. ...

Hebrews 11:7
By faith Noah, when warned about things not yet seen, in godly fear built an ark to save his family. By faith he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness that comes by faith.

Genesis 9:18-19
The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. And Ham was the father of Canaan. / These three were the sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated.

Genesis 11:10-26
This is the account of Shem. Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father of Arphaxad. / And after he had become the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters. / When Arphaxad was 35 years old, he became the father of Shelah. ...

Isaiah 66:19
I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations.

Acts 17:26
From one man He made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and He determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their lands.

Romans 9:7-8
Nor because they are Abraham’s descendants are they all his children. On the contrary, “Through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned.” / So it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as offspring.

1 Peter 3:20
who disobeyed long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In the ark a few people, only eight souls, were saved through water.

Genesis 5:32
After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

Genesis 9:1
And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.

Genesis 11:1-9
Now the whole world had one language and a common form of speech. / And as people journeyed eastward, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. / And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” So they used brick instead of stone, and tar instead of mortar. ...

Deuteronomy 32:8
When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, when He divided the sons of man, He set the boundaries of the peoples according to the number of the sons of God.

Acts 7:26
The next day he came upon two Israelites who were fighting, and he tried to reconcile them, saying, ‘Men, you are brothers. Why are you mistreating each other?’

Romans 5:12-14
Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned. / For sin was in the world before the law was given; but sin is not taken into account when there is no law. / Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come.


Treasury of Scripture

To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.

Shem.

Genesis 9:26
And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

the father.

Genesis 11:10-26
These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood: …

Eber.

Numbers 24:24
And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber, and he also shall perish for ever.

the brother.

Genesis 10:2
The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

Jump to Previous
Ancestor Begotten Born Children Eber Elder Japheth Older Shem
Jump to Next
Ancestor Begotten Born Children Eber Elder Japheth Older Shem
Genesis 10
1. The generations of Noah.
2. Japheth.
6. Ham.
8. Nimrod becomes the first monarch; the descendants of Canaan.
21. The sons of Shem.














And sons were also born to Shem
The phrase highlights the continuation of the human lineage through Shem, one of Noah's sons. In Hebrew, "Shem" means "name" or "renown," indicating the significance of his lineage. Shem's descendants are traditionally associated with the Semitic peoples, including the Israelites. This phrase underscores the fulfillment of God's command to "be fruitful and multiply" (Genesis 9:1), emphasizing the divine blessing on Shem's line.

the older brother of Japheth
This phrase establishes the familial hierarchy among Noah's sons. The Hebrew word for "older" (גָּדוֹל, gadol) can also mean "great" or "important," suggesting Shem's prominence in the biblical narrative. Japheth, whose name means "expansion," is often associated with the peoples of Europe and parts of Asia. The mention of Shem as the older brother may imply a position of honor or responsibility, reflecting the biblical theme of the firstborn's significance.

Shem was the forefather
The term "forefather" (אָב, av) in Hebrew signifies a patriarchal role, indicating Shem's foundational place in the genealogical record. This word connects Shem to the broader narrative of God's covenantal promises, as his lineage leads to Abraham and ultimately to the Messiah. The concept of a forefather emphasizes the continuity of God's plan through generations.

of all the sons of Eber
Eber is a significant figure, as his name is the root of the term "Hebrew" (עִבְרִי, Ivri). This phrase links Shem to the Hebrew people, highlighting the ethnic and spiritual heritage that would culminate in the nation of Israel. Eber's descendants include notable biblical figures such as Abraham, reinforcing the idea of a chosen lineage through which God would enact His redemptive purposes.

(21-23) shem . . . the brother of Japheth the elder.--Really, the elder brother of Japheth. Though the rules of Hebrew grammar will admit of no other rendering, it is remarkable that both the Syriac and the Vulg. make the same mistake as our own version. In designating Shem as "the father of all the children of Eber," attention is called to the fact that the descendants of Peleg, his elder son, are omitted from this table, and reserved for the Toldoth Shem. (See Genesis 11:10.)

The nations descended from Shem were:--

1. Elam.--According to Mr. Sayce (Chald. Gen., p. 196), "the primitive inhabitants of Elam were a race closely allied to the Accadians, and spread over the whole range of country which stretched from the southern shores of the Caspian to the Persian Gulf." But just as the Semitic Asshur expelled a Hamite race from Assyria, so another branch of this conquering family occupied Elymais. It is now called Chuzistan, and was the most easternly of the countries occupied by the Semites. But see Excursus to Genesis 14 on the conquests of the Elamite Chedorlaomer.

2. Asshur.--This Semitic stock seems to have been the first to settle on the Tigris, as the Hamites were the first to settle on the Euphrates. Finally, as we have seen (Genesis 10:11), they conquered the whole country.

3. Arphaxad.--Heb., Arpachshad. We may dismiss the idea that he was connected with the region called Arrapachitis, for this correctly is Aryapakshata, "the land next the Aryans." Really he appears as the ancestor of Eber and the Joktanite Arabs.

4. Lud.--Probably the Lydians, who, after various wanderings, settled in Asia Minor.

5. Aram.--As Asshur means plain, so Aram means highland. It was originally the name of the Lebanon ranges, and thus Damascus is called Aram in 2Samuel 8:5. Subsequently the race so extended itself as to possess Mesopotamia, a lowland country, but called, as early as Genesis 24:10, "Aram of the two rivers." The greatness of Aram will be best seen by examining those places in our version where Syria and Syrian are spoken of, and which, in the Hebrew, are really Aram. . . .

Verse 21. - Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, - as Ham of Canaan (Genesis 9:22; vide ver. 24) - the brother of Japheth the elder. Either the eldest brother of Japheth (Syriac, Arabic, Vulgate, Gesenius, Rosenmüller, Kalisch); or the brother of Japheth who was older (LXX., Symmachus, Onkelos, Raschi, Aben Ezra, Luther, Clerieus, Michaelis, Dathe); or the elder of Japheth's brothers, as distinguished from Ham the younger, i.e. the son who was older than Ham, But younger than Japheth (Murphy, Quarry; vide Genesis 5:32). Even to him were children born.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
And sons were also born
יֻלַּ֖ד (yul·laḏ)
Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage

to Shem,
וּלְשֵׁ֥ם (ū·lə·šêm)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8035: Shem -- 'name', oldest son of Noah

the older
הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ (hag·gā·ḏō·wl)
Article | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 1419: Great, older, insolent

brother
אֲחִ֖י (’ă·ḥî)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 251: A brother, )

[of] Japheth;
יֶ֥פֶת (ye·p̄eṯ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3315: Japheth -- a son of Noah

[Shem]
ה֑וּא (hū)
Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

was the forefather
אֲבִי֙ (’ă·ḇî)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1: Father

of all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the sons
בְּנֵי־ (bə·nê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Eber.
עֵ֔בֶר (‘ê·ḇer)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 5677: Eber -- 'region beyond', a descendant of Shem, also the name of several Israelites


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OT Law: Genesis 10:21 To Shem the father of all (Gen. Ge Gn)
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