Genesis 10:3
New International Version
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah.

New Living Translation
The descendants of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

English Standard Version
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Berean Standard Bible
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

King James Bible
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

New King James Version
The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

New American Standard Bible
The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

NASB 1995
The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah.

NASB 1977
And the sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah.

Legacy Standard Bible
The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah.

Amplified Bible
the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah;

Christian Standard Bible
Gomer’s sons: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Gomer’s sons: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

American Standard Version
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

English Revised Version
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Gomer's descendants were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Good News Translation
The descendants of Gomer were the people of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

International Standard Version
Gomer's descendants included Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Majority Standard Bible
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

NET Bible
The sons of Gomer were Askenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

New Heart English Bible
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

World English Bible
The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And sons of Gomer [are] Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Young's Literal Translation
And sons of Gomer are Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Smith's Literal Translation
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And the sons of Gomer: Ascenez and Riphath and Thogorma.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And then the sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

New American Bible
The descendants of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Diphath and Togarmah.

New Revised Standard Version
The descendants of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Diphar, and Togarmah.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the children of Gamar: Ashknaz and Dayphar and Tugarma.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the sons of Gamer, Aschanaz, and Riphath, and Thorgama.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Japhethites
2The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. 3The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. 4And the sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittites, and the Rodanites.…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 1:6
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Ezekiel 38:6
as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you.

Ezekiel 27:14
The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.

Ezekiel 32:26
Meshech and Tubal are there with all their multitudes, with their graves all around them. All of them are uncircumcised, slain by the sword, because they spread their terror in the land of the living.

Isaiah 66:19
I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations.

Jeremiah 51:27
“Raise a banner in the land! Blow the ram’s horn among the nations! Prepare the nations against her. Summon the kingdoms against her—Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a captain against her; bring up horses like swarming locusts.

Zechariah 9:13
For I will bend Judah as My bow and fit it with Ephraim. I will rouse your sons, O Zion, against the sons of Greece. I will make you like the sword of a mighty man.

Acts 2:9
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,

Colossians 3:11
Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, or free, but Christ is all and is in all.

Revelation 20:8
and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth—Gog and Magog—to assemble them for battle. Their number is like the sand of the seashore.

1 Peter 1:1
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To the elect who are exiles of the Dispersion throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, chosen

Romans 1:14
I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish.

Galatians 3:28
There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.

Ephesians 2:11-13
Therefore remember that formerly you who are Gentiles in the flesh and called uncircumcised by the so-called circumcision (that done in the body by human hands)— / remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. / But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.

Acts 16:6
After the Holy Spirit had prevented them from speaking the word in the province of Asia, they traveled through the region of Phrygia and Galatia.


Treasury of Scripture

And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Jump to Previous
Ashkenaz Ash'kenaz Gomer Riphath Togarmah Togar'mah
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Ashkenaz Ash'kenaz Gomer Riphath Togarmah Togar'mah
Genesis 10
1. The generations of Noah.
2. Japheth.
6. Ham.
8. Nimrod becomes the first monarch; the descendants of Canaan.
21. The sons of Shem.














The sons of Gomer
This phrase introduces the descendants of Gomer, who is one of the sons of Japheth, as listed in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10. Gomer's lineage is significant as it represents the spread of nations and peoples after the flood. The name "Gomer" is believed to be connected to the Cimmerians, an ancient people who lived in what is now southern Russia and Ukraine. This highlights the historical spread of peoples and the fulfillment of God's command to "fill the earth" (Genesis 9:1).

Ashkenaz
Ashkenaz is traditionally associated with the Scythians, a group of ancient tribes known for their skills in horseback riding and warfare, who lived in the region north of the Black Sea. The name "Ashkenaz" later became associated with the Jewish communities in Germany and Eastern Europe, known as Ashkenazi Jews. This connection underscores the enduring legacy of these ancient peoples and their influence on later cultures and civilizations.

Riphath
The identity of Riphath is less clear, but some scholars suggest a connection to the ancient peoples of the Carpathian region or the Riphean Mountains, which were thought to be in the northern part of Europe. This reflects the broad and often mysterious spread of the descendants of Noah's sons, as they established various tribes and nations across the known world.

Togarmah
Togarmah is often linked to the Armenians or the people of Anatolia, an area that is now part of modern-day Turkey. In biblical prophecy, Togarmah is mentioned in Ezekiel 38:6 as part of the coalition that comes against Israel in the end times. This highlights the interconnectedness of biblical genealogies with prophetic literature, showing how the descendants of Noah's sons play roles in God's unfolding plan throughout history.

(3) Gomer has three main divisions:--

1. Ashkenaz, a region in the neighbourhood of Armenia (Jeremiah 51:27), whence, following the course of Japhethite migration, the race seems to have wandered into Germany. The derivations are all most uncertain; but the Jews call the Germans Ashkenazites, and are probably right.

2. Riphath, in 1Chronicles 1:6, is called Diphath (see Dodanim, below). Riphath is probably right, and the, inhabitants of the Riphaean Mountains (the Carpathians?) are the people meant. They were Celts.

3. Togarmah. Certainly Armenia.

Verse 3. - And the sons of Gomer; Ash-kenaz. Axenus, the ancient name of the Euxine, is supposed to favor Phrygia and Bithynia as the locality possessed by Aske-naz (Bochart); Iskus; equivalent to Ask, Ascanios, the oldest son of the Germanic Mannus, to point out Germany as his abode (Jewish commentators); but Jeremiah 51:27 seems to indicate the region between the Euxine and the Caspian. Kalisch, following Josephus, identifies the name with the ancient town Rhagae, one day's journey to the south of the Caspian. Murphy and Peele, on the authority of Diodorus Siculus, believe the Germans may have been a colony of the Ashkenians. And Riphath. Diphath (1 Chronicles 1:6) - the Paphlagonians (Josephus); more generally the tribes about the Riphaean mountains, on the north of the Caspian (Knobel, Kalisch, Clericus, Rosenmüller, Murphy, ' Speaker's Commentary'); but both are uncertain (Keil). And Togarmah. Mentioned again in Ezekiel 27:14; Ezekiel 38:6; the Phrygians (Josephus), the Cappadocians (Bochart), the Armenians (Michaelis, Gesenius, Rosenmüller), the Taurians, inhabiting the Crimea (Kalisch). The tradition preserved by Moses Chorensis, that the ancestor of the Armenians was the son of Thorgom, the son of Comer, is commonly regarded as deciding the question.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The sons
וּבְנֵ֖י (ū·ḇə·nê)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Gomer:
גֹּ֑מֶר (gō·mer)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1586: Gomer -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants, also the wife of Hosea

Ashkenaz,
אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז (’aš·kă·naz)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 813: Ashkenaz -- a son of Gomer, also his descendants and their land

Riphath,
וְרִיפַ֖ת (wə·rî·p̄aṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7384: Riphath -- a son of Gomer, also his desc

and Togarmah.
וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃ (wə·ṯō·ḡar·māh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8425: Beth-togarmah -- a son of Gomer, also his descendants and their land


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OT Law: Genesis 10:3 The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz Riphath (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 10:2
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