2839. koinos

Lexicon

koinos: Common, unclean, profane

Original Word: κοινός
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: koinos
Pronunciation: koy-NOS
Phonetic Spelling: (koy-nos')
Definition: Common, unclean, profane
Meaning: (a) common, shared, (b) Hebraistic use: profane; dirty, unclean, unwashed.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

common, defiled, unclean, unholy.

Probably from sun; common, i.e. (literally) shared by all or several, or (ceremonially) profane -- common, defiled, unclean, unholy.

see GREEK sun

HELPS Word-studies

2839 koinós – properly, common, referring to what is defiled (stripped of specialness) because treated as ordinary ("common"). 2839 /koinós ("defiled") describes the result of a person reducing what God calls special (holy, set apart) – to what is mundane, i.e. stripping it of its sacredness.

2839 /koinós ("defiled because treated as common") is always used negatively, i.e. for what is profaned – except in Jude 1:3 where it refers to the gift of salvation shared (held in common) by all true believers.

[2839 /koinós ("common") typically refers to spiritual desecration. This happens when a person treats what is sacred (set apart to God) as ordinary ("not special").]

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
from sun
Definition
common
NASB Translation
common (3), common property (1), impure (2), unclean (5), unholy (5).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 2839: κοινός

κοινός, κοινῇ, κοινόν (from ξύν, σύν, with; hence especially in epic ξυνός for κοινός, whence the Latincena ((?); see Vanicek, p. 1065));

1. as in Greek writings from Hesiod (Works, 721) down (opposed to ἴδιος) common (i. e. belonging to several, Latincommunis): Acts 2:44; Acts 4:32; κοινῇ πίστις, Titus 1:4; σωτηρία, Jude 1:3.

2. by a usage foreign to classical Greek, common i. e. ordinary, belonging to the generality (Latinvulgaris); by the Jews opposed to ἅγιος, ἡγιασμένος, καθαρός; hence unhallowed, Latinprofanus, levitically unclean (in classical Greek βέβηλος, which see 2): Mark 7:2, 5 (where R L marginal reading ἀνίπτοις); Romans 14:14; Hebrews 10:29; Revelation 21:27 (Rec. κοινοῦν) (1 Macc. 1:47; φαγεῖν κοινά; 1 Macc. 1:62; κοινοῖ ἄνθρωποι, common people,profanum vulgus, Josephus, Antiquities 12, 2, 14; οἱ τόν κοινόν βίον προηρήμενοι, i. e. a life repugnant to the holy law, ibid. 13, 1, 1; οὐ γάρ ὡς κοινόν ἄρτον οὐδέ ὡς κονον πόμα ταῦτα (i. e. the bread and wine of the sacred supper) λαμβάνομεν, Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 66; (οἱ Χριστιανοι) τράπεζαν κοινήν παρατιθενται, ἀλλ' οὐ κοινήν, a table communis but not profanus, Ep. ad Diogn. 5 [ET], on which cf. Otto's note); κοινόν καί (R G ἤ) ἀκάθαρτον, Acts 10:14; κοινόν ἤ ἀκάθαρτον, Acts 10:28; Acts 11:8 (κοινά ἤ ἀκάθαρτα οὐκ ἐσθίομεν, Justin Martyr, dialog contra Trypho,

c. 20). (Cf. Trench, § ci.)

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: Derived from the base of G2746 (κοινόω • koinoō), meaning "to make common" or "to defile."

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The concept of "common" or "unclean" in the Hebrew Bible is often represented by the word טָמֵא (tame, Strong's H2930), which refers to ceremonial impurity or defilement. Another related term is חֹל (chol, Strong's H2455), meaning "profane" or "common," as opposed to "holy" or "sacred." These Hebrew terms provide the Old Testament background for the New Testament discussions on purity and holiness.

Usage: The word "koinos" is used in the New Testament to describe things that are common or unclean, particularly in the context of Jewish ceremonial laws. It is often used to contrast with what is considered holy or set apart.

Context: The Greek word "κοινός" (koinos) appears in several New Testament passages, often in discussions about Jewish dietary laws and the distinction between clean and unclean. In Mark 7:2, the Pharisees observe that some of Jesus' disciples eat with "defiled" (koinos) hands, meaning they did not follow the traditional ceremonial washing. This usage highlights the Jewish concern for ritual purity and the distinction between what is considered holy and common.

In Acts 10:14, Peter responds to a vision by saying, "Surely not, Lord! I have never eaten anything impure or unclean (koinos)." This reflects the Jewish dietary laws that prohibited the consumption of certain animals deemed unclean. However, the vision and subsequent events lead to the understanding that God does not show favoritism and that the Gospel is for all people, Jew and Gentile alike.

Romans 14:14 further illustrates the concept, where Paul states, "I am convinced by the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean (koinos) in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean." This passage emphasizes the shift from the Old Testament ceremonial laws to the New Testament understanding of purity, where the focus is on the heart and conscience rather than external rituals.

The term "koinos" thus serves as a key concept in understanding the transition from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant, where the emphasis is placed on spiritual purity and the inclusivity of the Gospel message.

Forms and Transliterations

κοινα κοινά κοιναις κοιναίς κοιναῖς κοινή κοινην κοινήν κοινὴν κοινης κοινής κοινῆς κοινον κοινόν κοινὸν κοινώ koina koiná koinais koinaîs koinen koinēn koinḕn koines koinês koinēs koinē̂s koinon koinón koinòn

Englishman's Concordance

Mark 7:2 Adj-DFP
GRK: αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν τοῦτ'
NAS: their bread with impure hands,
KJV: bread with defiled, that is to say,
INT: of him that with defiled hands that

Mark 7:5 Adj-DFP
GRK: πρεσβυτέρων ἀλλὰ κοιναῖς χερσὶν ἐσθίουσιν
NAS: their bread with impure hands?
INT: elders but with unwashed hands eat

Acts 2:44 Adj-ANP
GRK: εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά
NAS: and had all things in common;
KJV: had all things common;
INT: having all things in common

Acts 4:32 Adj-NNP
GRK: αὐτοῖς ἅπαντα κοινά
NAS: but all things were common property to them.
KJV: had all things common.
INT: to them all things common

Acts 10:14 Adj-ANS
GRK: ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον
NAS: eaten anything unholy and unclean.
KJV: any thing that is common or
INT: did I eat anything common or unclean

Acts 10:28 Adj-AMS
GRK: ἔδειξεν μηδένα κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον
NAS: any man unholy or unclean.
KJV: any man common or unclean.
INT: showed not common or unclean

Acts 11:8 Adj-ANS
GRK: κύριε ὅτι κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον
NAS: Lord, for nothing unholy or unclean
KJV: for nothing common or unclean
INT: Lord for common or unclean

Romans 14:14 Adj-NNS
GRK: ὅτι οὐδὲν κοινὸν δι' ἑαυτοῦ
NAS: that nothing is unclean in itself;
KJV: [there is] nothing unclean of
INT: that nothing [is] unclean of itself

Romans 14:14 Adj-ANS
GRK: λογιζομένῳ τι κοινὸν εἶναι ἐκείνῳ
NAS: anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean.
KJV: to be unclean, to him
INT: reckons anything unclean to be to that one

Romans 14:14 Adj-NNS
GRK: εἶναι ἐκείνῳ κοινόν
NAS: to be unclean, to him it is unclean.
KJV: unclean, to him [it is] unclean.
INT: to be to that one unclean [it is]

Titus 1:4 Adj-AFS
GRK: τέκνῳ κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν χάρις
NAS: my TRUE child in a common faith: Grace
KJV: son after the common faith: Grace,
INT: child according to [our] common faith Grace

Hebrews 10:29 Adj-ANS
GRK: τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος ἐν
NAS: and has regarded as unclean the blood
KJV: he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and
INT: of the covenant common having esteemed in

Jude 1:3 Adj-GFS
GRK: περὶ τῆς κοινῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας
NAS: you about our common salvation,
KJV: of the common salvation,
INT: concerning the common of us salvation

Revelation 21:27 Adj-NNS
GRK: αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ὁ
NAS: and nothing unclean, and no
INT: it anything defiling and those

Strong's Greek 2839
14 Occurrences

κοινά — 2 Occ.
κοιναῖς — 2 Occ.
κοινὴν — 1 Occ.
κοινῆς — 1 Occ.
κοινὸν — 8 Occ.