Strong's Lexicon koinos: Common, unclean, profane Original Word: κοινός Word Origin: Derived from the Greek root "κοινός," meaning "common" or "shared." Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H2455 (חָלַל - chalal): Often translated as "profane" or "defile," used in contexts of desecration or making something common. - H2931 (טָמֵא - tame): Meaning "unclean," frequently used in Levitical laws regarding purity. Usage: In the New Testament, "koinos" primarily refers to something that is common or shared among people. It is often used in a ceremonial or religious context to describe things that are considered unclean or profane, particularly in relation to Jewish purity laws. The term can denote that which is not set apart for sacred use, thus being ordinary or defiled. Cultural and Historical Background: In Jewish culture, the concept of purity was central to religious life. The Law of Moses outlined specific regulations regarding clean and unclean foods, objects, and practices. Anything deemed "koinos" was considered unsuitable for worship or contact with the holy. This distinction was significant in maintaining the community's covenant relationship with God. In the Greco-Roman world, the idea of "common" also extended to shared property or communal living, reflecting a broader societal understanding of shared resources and spaces. HELPS Word-studies 2839 koinós – properly, common, referring to what is defiled (stripped of specialness) because treated as ordinary ("common"). 2839 /koinós ("defiled") describes the result of a person reducing what God calls special (holy, set apart) – to what is mundane, i.e. stripping it of its sacredness. 2839 /koinós ("defiled because treated as common") is always used negatively, i.e. for what is profaned – except in Jude 1:3 where it refers to the gift of salvation shared (held in common) by all true believers. [2839 /koinós ("common") typically refers to spiritual desecration. This happens when a person treats what is sacred (set apart to God) as ordinary ("not special").] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom sun Definition common NASB Translation common (3), common property (1), impure (2), unclean (5), unholy (5). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2839: κοινόςκοινός, κοινῇ, κοινόν (from ξύν, σύν, with; hence especially in epic ξυνός for κοινός, whence the Latincena ((?); see Vanicek, p. 1065)); 1. as in Greek writings from Hesiod (Works, 721) down (opposed to ἴδιος) common (i. e. belonging to several, Latincommunis): Acts 2:44; Acts 4:32; κοινῇ πίστις, Titus 1:4; σωτηρία, Jude 1:3. 2. by a usage foreign to classical Greek, common i. e. ordinary, belonging to the generality (Latinvulgaris); by the Jews opposed to ἅγιος, ἡγιασμένος, καθαρός; hence unhallowed, Latinprofanus, levitically unclean (in classical Greek βέβηλος, which see 2): Mark 7:2, 5 (where R L marginal reading ἀνίπτοις); Romans 14:14; Hebrews 10:29; Revelation 21:27 (Rec. κοινοῦν) (1 Macc. 1:47; φαγεῖν κοινά; 1 Macc. 1:62; κοινοῖ ἄνθρωποι, common people,profanum vulgus, Josephus, Antiquities 12, 2, 14; οἱ τόν κοινόν βίον προηρήμενοι, i. e. a life repugnant to the holy law, ibid. 13, 1, 1; οὐ γάρ ὡς κοινόν ἄρτον οὐδέ ὡς κονον πόμα ταῦτα (i. e. the bread and wine of the sacred supper) λαμβάνομεν, Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 66; (οἱ Χριστιανοι) τράπεζαν κοινήν παρατιθενται, ἀλλ' οὐ κοινήν, a table communis but not profanus, Ep. ad Diogn. 5 [ET], on which cf. Otto's note); κοινόν καί (R G ἤ) ἀκάθαρτον, Acts 10:14; κοινόν ἤ ἀκάθαρτον, Acts 10:28; Acts 11:8 (κοινά ἤ ἀκάθαρτα οὐκ ἐσθίομεν, Justin Martyr, dialog contra Trypho, c. 20). (Cf. Trench, § ci.) Probably from sun; common, i.e. (literally) shared by all or several, or (ceremonially) profane -- common, defiled, unclean, unholy. see GREEK sun Englishman's Concordance Mark 7:2 Adj-DFPGRK: αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν τοῦτ' NAS: their bread with impure hands, KJV: bread with defiled, that is to say, INT: of him that with defiled hands that Mark 7:5 Adj-DFP Acts 2:44 Adj-ANP Acts 4:32 Adj-NNP Acts 10:14 Adj-ANS Acts 10:28 Adj-AMS Acts 11:8 Adj-ANS Romans 14:14 Adj-NNS Romans 14:14 Adj-ANS Romans 14:14 Adj-NNS Titus 1:4 Adj-AFS Hebrews 10:29 Adj-ANS Jude 1:3 Adj-GFS Revelation 21:27 Adj-NNS Strong's Greek 2839 |
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