Lexical Summary anakainoó: To renew, to make new again Original Word: ἀνακαινόω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance renew. From ana and a derivative of kainos; to renovate -- renew. see GREEK ana see GREEK kainos HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 341 anakainóō (from 303 /aná, "up, completing a process" and kainoō, "renew," which is derived from 2537 /kainós) – to renew by moving from one stage to a higher (more developed) one; make qualitatively new. See 342 (anakainōsis). 341 /anakainóō ("to renew") only occurs in 2 Cor 4:16 and Col 3:10, both times referring to God ever-transforming the believer – by renewing "the new man" (anthrōpos) in Christ. [Moulton and Milligan (Vocabulary) do not find any secular occasions of 341 (anakainóō) in the papyri.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom ana and kainos Definition to make new NASB Translation renewed (2). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 341: ἀνακαινόωἀνακαινόω, (ῶ: (present passive ἀνακαινοῦμαι); a word peculiar to the apostle Paul; properly, "to cause to grow up (ἀνά) new, to make new"; passive, new strength and vigor is given to me, 2 Corinthians 4:16; to be changed into a new kind of life, opposed to the former corrupt state, Colossians 3:10. Cf. Winers De verb. comp. Part iii., p. 10 (or Meyer on Colossians, the passage cited; Test. xii. Patr., test. Levi 16, 17ἀνακαινοποιέω. Cf. Köstlin in Herzog edition 2, 1:477f.) Topical Lexicon Overview of the Concept of RenewalStrong’s 341 encapsulates the gracious work by which God brings what is worn, fractured, or obsolete into fresh conformity with His own character and purposes. Far from a superficial polish, this renewal penetrates to the very core of human identity, preparing believers for present service and ultimate glory. Biblical Context and Usage Paul employs the term in two strategic passages: • 2 Corinthians 4:16 – While describing the paradox of suffering and triumph, Paul contrasts “our outer self” that is “wasting away” with the inner self that “is being renewed day by day.” The present-tense verb portrays a continuous, divine activity sustaining believers in the midst of outward decay. • Colossians 3:10 – Here the focus shifts to the corporate life of the church: “put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator.” Renewal is inseparable from growing comprehension of Christ and grants a restored likeness to God originally bestowed at creation. Pauline Theology of Renewal 1. Present yet Progressive Renewal is not a single momentary act. Justification places the believer in Christ, but renewal keeps that position vital. The new self is continually re-fashioned as believers yield to the Spirit’s sanctifying work (Romans 12:2). 2. Interior before Exterior Paul begins with the “inner person,” knowing that moral and missional fruit flow from inward transformation. The outer life cannot sustain genuine holiness apart from the renewal of mind and heart. 3. Linked to Knowledge of the Creator Colossians places renewal in the realm of “knowledge.” The Greek term indicates experiential, relational knowledge—not mere data. As the believer beholds Christ, the Spirit translates vision into character (2 Corinthians 3:18). Connection to the New Creation Motif Renewal (Strong’s 341) stands in organic unity with the broader new-creation theme: • 2 Corinthians 5:17 speaks of anyone in Christ as “a new creation.” Together, these texts present a double action—birth into new life and ongoing renovation—underscoring the already-and-not-yet tension of Christian existence. Historical Interpretation Early church writers—such as Athanasius in “On the Incarnation”—saw renewal as the restoration of the imago Dei lost through Adam. The Reformers maintained this emphasis, with Calvin describing renewal as the Spirit’s daily task of “reforming us to the image of God.” Puritan pastors extended the discussion into practical discipleship, urging believers to pursue means of grace that cooperate with the Spirit’s renewing work. Ministry Implications 1. Perseverance in Affliction Shepherds encourage suffering saints with Paul’s assurance that visible decline does not signal spiritual defeat. Regular meditation on 2 Corinthians 4:16 sustains an eternal perspective. 2. Discipleship and Teaching Because renewal is “in knowledge,” Bible teaching must aim at more than information transfer; it must facilitate Spirit-illumined encounter with Christ. 3. Corporate Unity Colossians 3:11 follows the renewal verse by nullifying ethnic, social, and cultural barriers “but Christ is all, and in all.” Churches manifest renewal when diverse believers display unity grounded in their shared new self. 4. Worship and Liturgy Confession, Scripture reading, and the Lord’s Supper serve as liturgical conduits through which the Spirit renews hearts, aligning worshipers with the image of the Creator. Intertextual Echoes • Psalm 51:10 – “Create in me a clean heart… and renew a steadfast spirit within me.” These Old Testament pleas anticipate the fuller, Spirit-empowered renewal revealed in the New Testament. Pastoral Exhortation Believers are called to cooperate actively: “be renewed in the spirit of your minds” (Ephesians 4:23). This summons balances divine initiative with human response. Prayer, Scripture meditation, and obedience form the practical matrix through which God continues His renewing work until Christ returns, when renewal will reach consummation in resurrected bodies and a restored cosmos. Forms and Transliterations ανακαινουμενον ανακαινούμενον ἀνακαινούμενον ανακαινούνται ανακαινουται ἀνακαινοῦται ανακαύσεις ανακαύσω ανεκαύθη ανεκαύθησαν anakainoumenon anakainoúmenon anakainoutai anakainoûtaiLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance 2 Corinthians 4:16 V-PIM/P-3SGRK: ἔσω ἡμῶν ἀνακαινοῦται ἡμέρᾳ καὶ NAS: our inner man is being renewed day KJV: yet the inward [man] is renewed day by INT: inward of us is being renewed day and Colossians 3:10 V-PPM/P-AMS Strong's Greek 341 |
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