Lexical Summary anupotaktos: Rebellious, insubordinate, not subject to rule Original Word: ἀνυπότακτος Strong's Exhaustive Concordance disobedient, rebellious, unruly. From a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of hupotasso; unsubdued, i.e. Insubordinate (in fact or temper) -- disobedient, that is not put under, unruly. see GREEK a see GREEK hupotasso HELPS Word-studies 506 anypótaktos (from 1 /A "not" and 5273 /hypokritḗs, "under God's arrangement") – properly, not submissive; disobedient (unruly), unwilling to come under Christ's Lordship; refusing to "fall in line with" (fit in with) God's plan; uncooperative, with a defiant attitude towards duly-appointed authority; uncontrollable, refractory (unsubjected); anti-authoritarian (rebellious). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom alpha (as a neg. prefix) and hupotassó Definition not subject to rule NASB Translation rebellion (1), rebellious (1), rebellious men (1), subject (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 506: ἀνυπότακτοςἀνυπότακτος, ἀνυπότακτον (alpha privative and ὑποτάσσω); 1. (passively) not made subject, unsubjected: Hebrews 2:8 (Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 2, 30). 2. (actively) that cannot be subjected to control, disobedient, unruly, refractory: 1 Timothy 1:9; Titus 1:6, 10 ((Epictetus 2, 10, 1; 4, 1, 161; Philo, quis rer. div. her. § 1); διήγησις ἀνυπότακτος, a narrative which the reader cannot classify, i. e. confused, Polybius 3, 36, 4; 3, 38, 4; 5, 21, 4). Strong’s Greek 506 portrays a condition of life or attitude that refuses orderly submission to God-ordained authority. It stands in stark contrast to the biblical call to “submit yourselves therefore to God” (James 4:7). By sketching where the word appears, Scripture paints a portrait of rebellion that may show itself in homes, in congregations, in society at large, and in the still-unredeemed realms of creation. Occurrences and Contexts • Titus 1:6 – Paul requires prospective elders to have children “not open to the charge of being wild or disobedient,” because a leader unable to shepherd his own household will not safeguard the flock. Pastoral Concerns in Titus and 1 Timothy Paul writes to two young ministers stationed in turbulent environments. In Crete, false teachers exploit congregations already stereotyped as unruly (Titus 1:12). Elders must therefore prove that even the most intimate sphere—home life—stands under gospel order. Likewise, Timothy faces doctrinal confusion at Ephesus. Paul lists the insubordinate near the top of the catalog of sins (1 Timothy 1:9–10), reminding the church that grace does not nullify God’s standards but transforms hearts so that obedience becomes possible. Christ’s Supremacy and the Not-Yet in Hebrews 2:8 Hebrews widens the lens. Psalm 8 promises universal subjection to the Son of Man, yet everyday experience still shows resistance in human hearts, in natural calamities, in hostile spiritual powers. The tension presses believers toward hope: what is presently insubordinate will, in God’s appointed time, bend the knee to Jesus Christ (Philippians 2:10–11). Historical and Cultural Setting Greco-Roman society valued social hierarchy, yet pockets of civil unrest and philosophical cynicism bred suspicion of all authority. In Jewish circles, various sects (including some insisting on circumcision for Gentiles) stirred controversy. Against this backdrop the apostolic writings refuse both anarchic impulses and authoritarian abuse, insisting instead on willing submission that mirrors Christ’s own obedience to the Father (Hebrews 5:8). Ministry Implications for Today 1. Leadership Screening: Character, house-management, and doctrinal soundness remain essential criteria for church overseers. Intercanonical Connections The motif threads through Scripture: Israel’s wilderness mutiny (Numbers 14), Absalom’s revolt (2 Samuel 15), and prophetic indictments of stiff-necked hearts (Jeremiah 5:23) all anticipate the New Testament’s warning passages. Conversely, exemplary submission appears in Joseph, Daniel, and ultimately the incarnate Son. Revelation completes the account as every rebellious force is subdued under the Lamb (Revelation 17:14). Summary Strong’s 506 identifies the refusal to come under rightful authority. Whether describing unruly children, heretical voices, lawless citizens, or the yet-untamed cosmos, Scripture diagnoses the same root—resistance to God’s rule. The gospel answers that diagnosis with the regal Christ who subdues hearts now through grace and will subdue all things finally in glory. Englishman's Concordance 1 Timothy 1:9 Adj-DMPGRK: δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις ἀσεβέσι καὶ NAS: but for those who are lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly KJV: and disobedient, for the ungodly INT: however and insubordinate [ones] for [the] ungodly and Titus 1:6 Adj-ANP Titus 1:10 Adj-NMP Hebrews 2:8 Adj-ANS Strong's Greek 506 |
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