Lexical Summary daqaq: To crush, pulverize, make thin, beat small Original Word: דָּקַק Strong's Exhaustive Concordance beat in pieces small, bruise, make dust, into powder, be, very small, stamp small A primitive root (compare hadak); to crush (or intransitively) crumble -- beat in pieces (small), bruise, make dust, (into) X powder, (be, very) small, stamp (small). see HEBREW hadak NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to crush, pulverize, thresh NASB Translation crushed (3), fine (1), ground (2), ground to powder (1), powder (1), powder* (1), pulverize (2), thresh (1), very fine (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [דָּקַק] verb crush, pulverise, thresh; be fine (Arabic  be or become thin, minute; Ethiopic  Assyrian da‡â‡u Pa`el break in pieces COTGloss; Phoenician דק id., Aramaic דַּקֵּק Pa`el id.,  ) — Qal Perfect3masculine singular דַּק Deuteronomy 9:21, דָּ֑ק Exodus 32:20; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְדֻקֶּ֑נּוּ Isaiah 28:28; 2masculine singular תָּדֹק Isaiah 41:15; — 1 crush (transitive) followed by accusative לֶחֶם bread-stuff, corn Isaiah 28:28; of threshing "" דּוּשׁ Isaiah 41:15 (figurative of pulverizing mountains) 2 only Perfect; be fine, of state to which Moses reduced the golden calf by grinding וַיִּטְחַן עַד אֲשֶׁרדָּֿק֑ Exodus 32:20; וָאֶכֹּת אֹתוֺ טָחוֺן הֵיטֵב עַד אֲשֶׁרדַּֿק לְעָפָר Deuteronomy 9:21. Hiph`il Perfect הֵדַק 2 Kings 23:15; 2Chronicles 34:4; 2 feminine singular וַהֲדִקּוֺתְ consecutive Micah 4:13; Imperfect וַיָּ֫דֶק 2 Kings 23:6; 2Chronicles 15:16; 1 singular suffix אֲדִקֵּם 2 Samuel 22:43 (but אֲרִיקֵם "" Psalm 18:43); Infinitive absolute הָדֵק Exodus 30:36; construct לְהֵדַק2Chronicles 34:7 (form anomalous compare Ew§ 238 d Ol§ 258 b Be; read perhaps לְהָדֵק Ki; or לָדַק [see כַּדַּק Isaiah 40:15] compare Öttli); — make dust of, pulverize וַיָּ֫דֶק לְעָפָר 2 Kings 23:6 (i.e. the Ashera), "" 2 Chronicles 34:4,7 (כִּתַּת לְהֵדַק); so of the bamah הֵדַק לְעָפָר 2 Kings 23:15; of the מִפְלֶצֶת2Chronicles 15:16; figurative Micah 4:13 (object עַמִּים רַבִּים); Exodus 30:36 (P) has וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ מִמֶּנָּה הָדֵק and thou shalt beat some of it fine (i.e. the incense); 2 Samuel 22:43 read אֲרִיקֵם ("" Psalm 18:43) for אֲדִקֵּם. Hoph`al Imperfect יוּדָ֑ק Isaiah 28:28 be crushed, subject לֶחֶם bread corn (compare above Qal); — on sense compare Che Di. Topical Lexicon Semantic Range and Central Idea דָּקַק carries the concrete picture of reducing something to minute particles—whether perfume, metal, grain, idols, or enemies. The verb always underscores decisive action that leaves the object powerless, thus serving either sacred refinement or total annihilation. Sacred Refinement in Worship Exodus 30:36 places דָּקַק at the heart of tabernacle worship: “Grind some of it into fine powder and place it in front of the Testimony in the Tent of Meeting”. The priestly task of pounding the holy incense illustrates that acceptable worship demands thorough consecration. Nothing coarse or half-finished was permitted before the Presence; every particle had to release fragrance. The image guides personal devotion: prayer and praise must be sifted of self-seeking motives so that only a pure aroma ascends (Revelation 8:3-4). Purging Idolatry under Covenant Kings The word dominates the narratives of reform. Josiah “ground it to powder” (2 Kings 23:6) when destroying the Asherah, and “beat [the high places] into powder” (2 Chronicles 34:4, 7). Asa treated the obscene image of Maacah “and crushed it” (2 Chronicles 15:16). דָּקַק highlights more than demolition; it signals irreversible judgment. By turning idols into dust, the kings ensured no fragment could entice Judah again. Spiritual leadership today likewise requires thorough eradication of anything that rivals the Lord. Judgment after Apostasy Moses burned the golden calf, “ground it to powder, scattered it on the water, and made the Israelites drink it” (Exodus 32:20). The pulverizing act mirrored the broken covenant and forced Israel to taste the bitterness of their sin. דָּקַק functions as a visual sermon: sin ends in humiliation and loss. Poetic Violence and Deliverance David sings, “I pulverized them like dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets” (2 Samuel 22:43). The same verb appears when the LORD promises Zion a new threshing sledge: “You will thresh the mountains and crush them” (Isaiah 41:15), and again when He commissions her horns of iron to “crush many nations” (Micah 4:13). In these texts דָּקַק depicts the triumph of divine power working through His people. The imagery is martial but covenantal—God’s foes are reduced to powder so that righteousness may flourish. Threshing Imagery and Measured Discipline Isaiah 28:28 balances the severity of דָּקַק: “Grain for bread must be ground, but one does not thresh it forever.” Though the kernel must be crushed to release life-sustaining flour, the farmer stops before destroying the grain. The verse reassures the faithful that divine discipline is purposeful, not capricious. The LORD crushes to refine, never to obliterate His covenant people. Foreshadowing Ultimate Victory in Christ While דָּקַק never appears in the New Testament, its theology courses forward. The Stone that “will crush anyone on whom it falls” (Matthew 21:44) embodies the ultimate act of דָּקַק—every kingdom opposed to God will be ground to chaff (Daniel 2:35). Conversely, believers are the aroma of Christ (2 Corinthians 2:15), having been refined and offered like incense. At the cross Jesus endured the crushing Isaiah foretold (Isaiah 53:5; LXX use suntribō parallels the concept), so that in Him sin, death, and Satan are permanently pulverized (Romans 16:20). Ministry and Discipleship Applications 1. Worship: Pursue heartfelt purity, allowing the Spirit to grind away pride until prayer ascends like fine incense. דָּקַק therefore invites the believer to embrace the twin realities of divine refinement and divine judgment, assuring that whatever opposes God—within or without—will ultimately be ground into powder, while His redeemed people become a pleasing fragrance and nourishing bread to the world. Forms and Transliterations אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אדקם דָּ֑ק דק הֵדַ֥ק הָדֵק֒ הדק וְהֵדַ֔ק וְתָדֹ֔ק וַהֲדִקּ֖וֹת וַיָּ֕דֶק וַיָּ֣דֶק והדק והדקות וידק ותדק יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ ידקנו׃ יוּדָ֔ק יודק לְהֵדַ֔ק להדק ’ă·ḏiq·qêm ’ăḏiqqêm adikKem Dak dāq hā·ḏêq haDek hāḏêq hê·ḏaq heDak hêḏaq lə·hê·ḏaq leheDak ləhêḏaq vahadikKot vaiYadek veheDak vetaDok wa·hă·ḏiq·qō·wṯ wahăḏiqqōwṯ way·yā·ḏeq wayyāḏeq wə·hê·ḏaq wə·ṯā·ḏōq wəhêḏaq wəṯāḏōq yə·ḏuq·qen·nū yedukKennu yəḏuqqennū yū·ḏāq yuDak yūḏāqLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 30:36 HEB: וְשָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣ מִמֶּנָּה֮ הָדֵק֒ וְנָתַתָּ֨ה מִמֶּ֜נָּה NAS: some of it very fine, and put KJV: And thou shalt beat [some] of it very small, and put INT: shall beat some very and put some Exodus 32:20 2 Samuel 22:43 2 Kings 23:6 2 Kings 23:15 2 Chronicles 15:16 2 Chronicles 34:4 2 Chronicles 34:7 Isaiah 28:28 Isaiah 28:28 Isaiah 41:15 Micah 4:13 12 Occurrences |
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