Lexical Summary zed: Arrogant, proud, insolent Original Word: זֵד Strong's Exhaustive Concordance presumptuous, proud From zuwd; arrogant -- presumptuous, proud. see HEBREW zuwd NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom zud Definition insolent, presumptuous NASB Translation arrogant (9), arrogant men (1), presumptuous (1), proud (2). Brown-Driver-Briggs זֵד adjective insolent, presumptuous: — ׳ז Proverbs 21:24; plural זֵדִים Jeremiah 43:2 11t.; — always masculine, and always of opposition to ׳י, wickedness; with qualified noun expressed, only הָאֲנָשִׁים הַזֵּדִים Jeremiah 43:2, of opponents of Jeremiah; elsewhere used substantively, as technical term for godless, rebellious men; once singular זֵד יָהִיר לֵץ שְׁמוֺ Proverbs 21:24 a haughty insolent one, scorner is his name ("" עוֺשֶׂה בְּעֶבְרַת זָדוֺן); usually plural Isaiah 13:11(׳גְּאוֺן ז; "" גַּאֲוַת עָרִיצִים); Malachi 3:13 ("" עשֵֹׁי רִשְׁעָה), Malachi 4:19 ("" רִשְׁעָה עשֵֹׁה); and in Psalm 86:14 ("" עָרִיצִים), Psalm 119:21("" מִמִּצְוֺתֶיךָ הַשֹּׁגִים), Psalm 119:51; Psalm 119:69; Psalm 119:78; Psalm 119:85; Psalm 119:122; so probably also Psalm 19:14 גַּם מִזֵּדִים חֲשׂךְ עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ also from presumptuous men hold back thy servant (Ew Ol Hup Che RVm); > presumptuous sins Deal. (AV RV). Topical Lexicon Essential Sense of the Term זֵד depicts a posture of calculated pride, insolence, and presumption—an attitude that knowingly sets itself against God’s revealed will and against His people. The word never describes an accidental lapse; it portrays a deliberate elevation of self that results in hostility toward righteousness. Distribution across the Canon Four literary groupings account for the thirteen uses: Psalmic Prayers against the Proud The Psalter concentrates on the term, framing arrogance as a persistent threat to covenant faithfulness. David pleads, “Keep Your servant also from willful sins; may they not rule over me” (Psalm 19:13). The request is not merely for forgiveness but for liberation from the tyrannical rule of presumptuous impulses. Psalm 86:14 moves from inward battle to external opposition: “O God, arrogant men rise against me,” revealing that pride fuels persecution of the righteous. Psalm 119 multiplies facets of the same struggle—derision (verse 51), slander (verse 69), sabotage (verse 85), oppression (verse 122). Yet every stanza pairs human insolence with unshakable confidence in the Law, implying that Scripture itself is the primary defense. Wisdom Literature and the Exposure of Self-Exaltation Proverbs 21:24 crystallizes the character profile: “Proud, Arrogant, and Mocker are the names of him who acts with excessive pride.” Wisdom brands such a person as incorrigible, linking swaggering words with scornful rejection of correction. The verse also hints at progressive hardening—pride matures into outright contempt. Prophetic Pronouncements on Corporate Arrogance Isaiah 13:11 universalizes judgment: “I will end the haughtiness of the arrogant.” Pride is not merely a personal vice; it is a systemic evil embedded in world powers. Jeremiah 43:2 shows the sin inside Judah itself, where self-assured men dismiss the prophetic warning, precipitating national disaster. Malachi 3:15–4:1 closes the Old Testament with an eschatological horizon: the arrogant may look “blessed” for a season, but the coming day “will set them ablaze,” leaving “neither root nor branch.” Pride’s apparent success is temporary; final reckoning is certain. Theological Trajectory 1. Opposition to God: Every occurrence aligns arrogance with defiance of divine authority. Pastoral and Personal Implications • Self-examination: Psalm 19:13 warns that pride can reside in the believer’s heart; regular confession keeps it from “ruling.” Christological Antithesis Jesus embodies the direct opposite of זֵד. Philippians 2:6–8 (though New Testament) presents the Incarnate Son who “humbled Himself.” His self-emptying reverses Adamic pride and fulfills the Psalmist’s longing for deliverance from willful sin. In Him, the promised overthrow of arrogance (Malachi 4:1) is both inaugurated (through the cross) and awaited (at His return). New Testament Echoes Greek terms such as ὑπερήφανος and ἀλαζών carry forward the concept, and James 4:6 cites Proverbs 3:34, “God opposes the proud,” maintaining canonical coherence. Summary for Ministry זֵד warns every generation that pride is more than an internal attitude; it is a spiritual rebellion with communal fallout and eschatological consequences. The remedy is continual surrender to God’s Word, humble dependence on Christ, and vigilant shepherding of the flock to resist and correct any emerging arrogance. Forms and Transliterations הַזֵּדִ֑ים הזדים זֵ֘דִ֤ים זֵ֣ד זֵ֭דִים זֵדִ֑ים זֵדִ֔ים זֵדִ֜ים זֵדִ֣ים זֵדִֽים׃ זד זדים זדים׃ מִזֵּדִ֨ים ׀ מזדים haz·zê·ḏîm hazzeDim hazzêḏîm miz·zê·ḏîm mizzeDim mizzêḏîm zê·ḏîm zed zêḏ zeDim zêḏîmLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Psalm 19:13 HEB: גַּ֤ם מִזֵּדִ֨ים ׀ חֲשֹׂ֬ךְ עַבְדֶּ֗ךָ NAS: Your servant from presumptuous [sins]; Let them not rule KJV: thy servant also from presumptuous [sins]; let them not have dominion INT: Also presumptuous keep your servant Psalm 86:14 Psalm 119:21 Psalm 119:51 Psalm 119:69 Psalm 119:78 Psalm 119:85 Psalm 119:122 Proverbs 21:24 Isaiah 13:11 Jeremiah 43:2 Malachi 3:15 Malachi 4:1 13 Occurrences |
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