Leviticus 18:9
New International Version
“’Do not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.

New Living Translation
“Do not have sexual relations with your sister or half sister, whether she is your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born into your household or someone else’s.

English Standard Version
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether brought up in the family or in another home.

Berean Standard Bible
You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.

King James Bible
The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

New King James Version
The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, or the daughter of your mother, whether born at home or elsewhere, their nakedness you shall not uncover.

New American Standard Bible
As for the nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether born in the household or born outside the household, you shall not uncover their nakedness.

NASB 1995
The nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover.

NASB 1977
‘The nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover.

Legacy Standard Bible
The nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover.

Amplified Bible
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, either the daughter of your father or of your mother, whether born at home or born elsewhere.

Christian Standard Bible
You are not to have sexual intercourse with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s, whether born at home or born elsewhere. You are not to have sex with her.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
You are not to have sexual intercourse with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s, whether born at home or born elsewhere. You are not to have sex with her.

American Standard Version
The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or the daughter of thy mother, whether born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

Contemporary English Version
Don't have sex with your sister or stepsister, whether you grew up together or not.

English Revised Version
The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or the daughter of thy mother, whether born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Never have sexual intercourse with your stepsister, whether she is your father's daughter or your mother's daughter. It makes no difference whether or not she was born in your house.

Good News Translation
Do not have intercourse with your sister or your stepsister, whether or not she was brought up in the same house with you.

International Standard Version
"You are not to have sexual relations with your sister, whether she's your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether she's born in your home or outside your home. You are not to have sexual relations with her.

Majority Standard Bible
You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father?s daughter or your mother?s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.

NET Bible
You must not have sexual intercourse with your sister, whether she is your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether she is born in the same household or born outside it; you must not have sexual intercourse with either of them.

New Heart English Bible
"'You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, or the daughter of your mother, whether born at home, or born abroad.

Webster's Bible Translation
The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

World English Bible
“‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, or the daughter of your mother, whether born at home or born abroad.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
The nakedness of your sister, daughter of your father, or daughter of your mother, born at home or born outside—you do not uncover their nakedness.

Young's Literal Translation
'The nakedness of thy sister, daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, born at home or born without; thou dost not uncover their nakedness.

Smith's Literal Translation
The nakedness of thy sister, daughter of thy father or daughter of thy mother, born within or born without, thou shalt not uncover their nakedness.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy sister by father or by mother, whether born at home or abroad.

Catholic Public Domain Version
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, whether from father or from mother, whether she was born at home or abroad.

New American Bible
You shall not have intercourse with your sister, your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in your own household or born elsewhere.

New Revised Standard Version
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether born at home or born abroad.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
You shall not approach your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, whether she is begotten of your father or of another man.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother who is the child of your father or of another man, do not reveal her nakedness.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or the daughter of thy mother, whether born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
The nakedness of thy sister by thy father or by thy mother, born at home or abroad, their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Unlawful Sexual Relations
8You must not have sexual relations with your father’s wife; it would dishonor your father. 9You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere. 10You must not have sexual relations with your son’s daughter or your daughter’s daughter, for that would shame your family.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 27:22
‘Cursed is he who sleeps with his sister, the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother.’ And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’

2 Samuel 13:11-14
And when she had brought them to him to eat, he took hold of her and said, “Come lie with me, my sister!” / “No, my brother!” she cried. “Do not violate me, for such a thing should never be done in Israel. Do not do this disgraceful thing! / Where could I ever take my shame? And you would be like one of the fools in Israel! Please speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you.” ...

Ezekiel 22:11
One man commits an abomination with his neighbor’s wife; another wickedly defiles his daughter-in-law; and yet another violates his sister, his own father’s daughter.

Genesis 20:12
Besides, she really is my sister, the daughter of my father—though not the daughter of my mother—and she became my wife.

Genesis 19:30-36
Lot and his two daughters left Zoar and settled in the mountains—for he was afraid to stay in Zoar—where they lived in a cave. / One day the older daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man in the land to sleep with us, as is the custom over all the earth. / Come, let us get our father drunk with wine so we can sleep with him and preserve his line.” ...

1 Corinthians 5:1
It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and of a kind that is intolerable even among pagans: A man has his father’s wife.

1 Corinthians 6:18
Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a man can commit is outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins against his own body.

1 Thessalonians 4:3-5
For it is God’s will that you should be holy: You must abstain from sexual immorality; / each of you must know how to control his own body in holiness and honor, / not in lustful passion like the Gentiles who do not know God;

Galatians 5:19
The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery;

Romans 1:26-27
For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. / Likewise, the men abandoned natural relations with women and burned with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

1 Timothy 1:9-10
We realize that law is not enacted for the righteous, but for the lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinful, for the unholy and profane, for killers of father or mother, for murderers, / for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave traders and liars and perjurers, and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching

Ephesians 5:3
But among you, as is proper among the saints, there must not be even a hint of sexual immorality, or of any kind of impurity, or of greed.

Colossians 3:5
Put to death, therefore, the components of your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry.

Matthew 5:27-28
You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’ / But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.

Mark 7:21-23
For from within the hearts of men come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, / greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness. / All these evils come from within, and these are what defile a man.”


Treasury of Scripture

The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, or daughter of your mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness you shall not uncover.

Leviticus 20:17
And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness; it is a wicked thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity.

Deuteronomy 27:22
Cursed be he that lieth with his sister, the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen.

2 Samuel 13:11-14
And when she had brought them unto him to eat, he took hold of her, and said unto her, Come lie with me, my sister…

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Abroad Birth Born Country Daughter Either Elsewhere Father's Home Mother Mother's Nakedness Outside Relations Sexual Sister Uncover Wherever Whether
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Leviticus 18
1. Unlawful marriages and unlawful lusts














You must not have sexual relations
This phrase is a direct command from God, emphasizing the prohibition of incestuous relationships. The Hebrew root for "sexual relations" is "גָּלָה עֶרְוָה" (galah ervah), which literally means to "uncover nakedness." This expression is a euphemism for sexual intercourse, highlighting the sacredness and boundaries God places around sexual relations. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such prohibitions were crucial for maintaining family integrity and social order. The command underscores the importance of purity and holiness in the community of Israel, setting them apart from surrounding nations whose practices often included incestuous relationships.

with your sister
The term "sister" here is derived from the Hebrew word "אָחוֹת" (achot), which refers to a female sibling. This prohibition extends to both full and half-sisters, emphasizing the sanctity of familial relationships. In the ancient world, family structures were central to societal stability, and this command serves to protect the family unit from internal corruption and moral decay. The family is seen as a microcosm of the larger community, and maintaining its purity is essential for the health of the nation.

either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter
This phrase clarifies that the prohibition applies regardless of whether the sister is a full sibling or a half-sibling. The distinction between "father’s daughter" and "mother’s daughter" acknowledges the complex family dynamics that could arise from polygamous marriages, which were common in ancient Israel. By specifying both paternal and maternal connections, the law ensures comprehensive coverage of potential incestuous relationships, leaving no room for ambiguity or loopholes.

whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere
This clause further emphasizes the universality of the prohibition, indicating that the location of birth does not affect the moral and legal standing of the relationship. The Hebrew phrase "בֵּית אוֹ בַּחוּץ" (beit o bachutz) translates to "in the house or outside," suggesting that the familial bond transcends physical proximity. This reinforces the idea that God's laws are not bound by human circumstances but are absolute and apply to all situations. It also highlights the importance of understanding family ties beyond immediate living arrangements, recognizing the broader kinship network that defines one's responsibilities and moral obligations.

(9) The nakedness of thy sister.--The fact that Adam married "bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh," and that his sons married their own sisters, encouraged the ancient Hebrew to imitate their example. Hence we find Abraham, the father of the faithful, married his half-sister (Genesis 20:12). The same practice obtained amongst other nations of antiquity. Thus the Athenians married their half-sisters by their father's side, and the Spartans married half-sisters by the same mother, whilst the Assyrians and Egyptians married full sisters. Though nothing can be more explicit than the law here laid down, and though the transgression of it is denounced as an accursed and impious crime, to be visited with capital punishment (see Leviticus 20:17; Deuteronomy 27:22), yet from the narrative of Amnon and his sister Tamar, and especially from the touching and melancholy remark of the outraged sister (2Samuel 13:13; 2Samuel 13:16; 2Samuel 13:20), it is evident that the practice of the primitive parents of the human race and the example of the father of the Hebrew nation, continued to be followed in spite of this law. (Comp. Ezekiel 22:11.) . . . Verse 9. - In the third place, incest with a sister is forbidden, and it is specifically stated that under the term "sister" is meant the half-sister, the daughter of thy father, or... thy mother,... born at home, as would naturally be the case if she were the father's daughter, or born abroad, that is, the daughter of the mother by a previous marriage, when she belonged to a different household. Tamar's appeal to Amnon, "I pray thee speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee," exhibits to us the poor woman grasping at any argument which might save her from her half-brother's brutality, and does not indicate that such marriages were, in the time of David, permissible (2 Samuel 13:29). The exact degree of relationship which existed between Abraham and Sarah is not altogether certain (cf. Genesis 20:12 with Genesis 11:29). Ezekiel reckons this sin in the catalogue of the iniquities of Jerusalem (Ezekiel 22:11).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
You must not
לֹ֥א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

have sexual relations with
תְגַלֶּ֖ה (ṯə·ḡal·leh)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 1540: To denude, to exile, to reveal

your sister,
אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ (’ă·ḥō·wṯ·ḵā)
Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 269: Sister -- a sister

either your father’s
אָבִ֙יךָ֙ (’ā·ḇî·ḵā)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 1: Father

daughter
בַת־ (ḇaṯ-)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323: A daughter

or
א֣וֹ (’ōw)
Conjunction
Strong's 176: Desire, if

your mother’s daughter,
אִמֶּ֔ךָ (’im·me·ḵā)
Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 517: A mother, )

whether she was born
מוֹלֶ֣דֶת (mō·w·le·ḏeṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 4138: Nativity, lineage, native country, offspring, family

in the same home
בַּ֔יִת (ba·yiṯ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1004: A house

or
א֖וֹ (’ōw)
Conjunction
Strong's 176: Desire, if

elsewhere.
ח֑וּץ (ḥūṣ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2351: Separate by a, wall, outside, outdoors


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OT Law: Leviticus 18:9 You shall not uncover the nakedness (Le Lv Lev.)
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