Numbers 27:17
New International Version
to go out and come in before them, one who will lead them out and bring them in, so the LORD’s people will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

New Living Translation
Give them someone who will guide them wherever they go and will lead them into battle, so the community of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

English Standard Version
who shall go out before them and come in before them, who shall lead them out and bring them in, that the congregation of the LORD may not be as sheep that have no shepherd.”

Berean Standard Bible
who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

King James Bible
Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

New King James Version
who may go out before them and go in before them, who may lead them out and bring them in, that the congregation of the LORD may not be like sheep which have no shepherd.”

New American Standard Bible
who will go out and come in before them, and lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep that have no shepherd.”

NASB 1995
who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep which have no shepherd.”

NASB 1977
who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, that the congregation of the LORD may not be like sheep which have no shepherd.”

Legacy Standard Bible
who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of Yahweh will not be like sheep which have no shepherd.”

Amplified Bible
who will go out and come in before them, and will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be as sheep without a shepherd.”

Christian Standard Bible
who will go out before them and come back in before them, and who will bring them out and bring them in, so that the LORD’s community won’t be like sheep without a shepherd.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
who will go out before them and come back in before them, and who will bring them out and bring them in, so that the LORD’s community won’t be like sheep without a shepherd.”

American Standard Version
who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of Jehovah be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

Contemporary English Version
Your people need someone to lead them into battle, or else they will be like sheep wandering around without a shepherd."

English Revised Version
which may go out before them, and which may come in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
who will lead them in and out [of battle] so that the LORD's community will not be like sheep without a shepherd."

Good News Translation
and can command them in battle, so that your community will not be like sheep without a shepherd."

International Standard Version
who will go in and out before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in so that the LORD'S community won't be like a flock without a shepherd."

Majority Standard Bible
who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.?

NET Bible
who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who will lead them out, and who will bring them in, so that the community of the LORD may not be like sheep that have no shepherd."

New Heart English Bible
who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD not be as sheep which have no shepherd."

Webster's Bible Translation
Who may go out before them, and who may go in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

World English Bible
who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in, that the congregation of Yahweh may not be as sheep which have no shepherd.”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
who goes out before them, and who comes in before them, and who takes them out, and who brings them in, and the congregation of YHWH is not as sheep which have no shepherd.”

Young's Literal Translation
who goeth out before them, and who cometh in before them, and who taketh them out, and who bringeth them in, and the company of Jehovah is not as sheep which have no shepherd.'

Smith's Literal Translation
Who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who shall bring them out, and who shall bring them in; and the assembly of Jehovah shall not be as sheep to whom not a shepherd to them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And may go out and in before them, and may lead them out, or bring them in: lest the people of the Lord be as sheep without a shepherd.

Catholic Public Domain Version
and who may be able to exit and enter before them, and who may lead them out or lead them in: lest the people of the Lord be like sheep without a shepherd.”

New American Bible
who will be their leader in battle and who will lead them out and bring them in, that the LORD’s community may not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

New Revised Standard Version
who shall go out before them and come in before them, who shall lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD may not be like sheep without a shepherd.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Who may go out before them and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out and bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD may not be as sheep which have no shepherd.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
To go out before them and to enter before them and bring them out and to bring them in, that the assembly of LORD JEHOVAH will not be as sheep that have no Shepherd.”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
who shall go out before them, and who shall come in before them, and who shall lead them out, and who shall bring them in; so the congregation of the Lord shall not be as sheep without a shepherd.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Moses Requests a Successor
16“May the LORD, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation 17who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

Cross References
Joshua 1:5-9
No one shall stand against you all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so will I be with you; I will never leave you nor forsake you. / Be strong and courageous, for you shall give these people the inheritance of the land that I swore to their fathers I would give them. / Above all, be strong and very courageous. Be careful to observe all the law that My servant Moses commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right or to the left, so that you may prosper wherever you go. ...

Deuteronomy 31:7-8
Then Moses called for Joshua and said to him in the presence of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you will go with this people into the land that the LORD swore to their fathers to give them, and you shall give it to them as an inheritance. / The LORD Himself goes before you; He will be with you. He will never leave you nor forsake you. Do not be afraid or discouraged.”

1 Kings 22:17
So Micaiah declared: “I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd. And the LORD said, ‘These people have no master; let each one return home in peace.’”

Ezekiel 34:5-6
They were scattered for lack of a shepherd, and when they were scattered they became food for all the wild beasts. / My flock went astray on all the mountains and every high hill. They were scattered over the face of all the earth, with no one to search for them or seek them out.’

John 10:11-16
I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep. / The hired hand is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own. When he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock. / The man runs away because he is a hired servant and is unconcerned for the sheep. ...

1 Peter 5:2-4
Be shepherds of God’s flock that is among you, watching over them not out of compulsion, but willingly, as God would have you; not out of greed, but out of eagerness; / not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. / And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that will never fade away.

Matthew 9:36
When He saw the crowds, He was moved with compassion for them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.

Mark 6:34
When Jesus stepped ashore and saw a large crowd, He had compassion on them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd. And He began to teach them many things.

Psalm 23:1-4
A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. / He makes me lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside quiet waters. / He restores my soul; He guides me in the paths of righteousness for the sake of His name. ...

Isaiah 40:11
He tends His flock like a shepherd; He gathers the lambs in His arms and carries them close to His heart. He gently leads the nursing ewes.

Jeremiah 23:1-4
“Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of My pasture!” declares the LORD. / Therefore this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says about the shepherds who tend My people: “You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not attended to them. Behold, I will attend to you for the evil of your deeds, declares the LORD. / Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock from all the lands to which I have banished them, and I will return them to their pasture, where they will be fruitful and multiply. ...

Acts 20:28
Keep watch over yourselves and the entire flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.

Hebrews 13:20-21
Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, / equip you with every good thing to do His will. And may He accomplish in us what is pleasing in His sight through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.

1 Samuel 8:20
Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to judge us, to go out before us, and to fight our battles.”

2 Chronicles 18:16
So Micaiah declared: “I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd. And the LORD said, ‘These people have no master; let each one return home in peace.’”


Treasury of Scripture

Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

take thee

Numbers 11:28
And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Moses, one of his young men, answered and said, My lord Moses, forbid them.

Numbers 13:8,16
Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea the son of Nun…

Exodus 17:9
And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek: to morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the rod of God in mine hand.

a man

Numbers 11:17
And I will come down and talk with thee there: and I will take of the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not thyself alone.

Genesis 41:38
And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is?

Judges 3:10
And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and the LORD delivered Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushanrishathaim.

lay

Numbers 27:23
And he laid his hands upon him, and gave him a charge, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.

Deuteronomy 34:9
And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him: and the children of Israel hearkened unto him, and did as the LORD commanded Moses.

Acts 6:6
Whom they set before the apostles: and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them.

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Numbers 27
1. The daughters of Zelophehad ask for an inheritance
6. The law of inheritances
12. Moses, being told of his death, asks for a successor
18. Joshua is appointed to succeed him














who will go out and come in before them
This phrase refers to the leadership role that involves guiding and directing the people in their daily activities and military endeavors. In ancient Israel, a leader was expected to be actively involved in the life of the community, both in times of peace and war. The expression "go out and come in" is a Hebrew idiom for leading in battle and managing the affairs of the people (1 Samuel 18:13, 2 Samuel 5:2). It emphasizes the need for a leader who is present and engaged with the people, ensuring their safety and well-being.

and who will lead them out and bring them in
This part of the verse highlights the need for a leader who can guide the people effectively, ensuring their safe passage and return. It underscores the importance of a leader who can provide direction and protection, much like a shepherd with his flock. This imagery is consistent with the role of a king or military leader in ancient Israel, who was responsible for the security and prosperity of the nation. The phrase also foreshadows the role of Jesus Christ as the Good Shepherd (John 10:3-4), who leads His followers with care and authority.

so that the congregation of the LORD
The term "congregation of the LORD" refers to the assembly of the Israelites, God's chosen people. This phrase emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where the people are seen as a community under divine guidance and protection. The congregation is not just a social or political entity but a spiritual one, called to live according to God's laws and purposes. This concept is foundational in understanding the identity and mission of Israel as a nation set apart for God's glory (Exodus 19:5-6).

will not be like sheep without a shepherd.
This simile draws on the pastoral imagery common in the ancient Near East, where sheep without a shepherd are vulnerable to danger and easily scattered. It underscores the necessity of strong, godly leadership to provide guidance, protection, and care for the people. The imagery of sheep and shepherd is prevalent throughout Scripture, symbolizing the relationship between God and His people (Psalm 23, Ezekiel 34:5-6). In the New Testament, Jesus is portrayed as the ultimate Shepherd who lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11), fulfilling the prophetic and pastoral role anticipated in the Old Testament.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is seeking God's guidance for a successor to lead the people into the Promised Land.

2. Joshua
The individual chosen by God to succeed Moses as the leader of Israel.

3. The Congregation of the LORD
Refers to the Israelites, God's chosen people, who are in need of a leader to guide them.

4. The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which God promised to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

5. Sheep without a Shepherd
A metaphor used to describe the Israelites' need for guidance and leadership.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Godly Leadership
Godly leadership is essential for guiding and protecting the people of God. Just as Moses sought a successor, we must seek leaders who are led by God.

The Role of a Shepherd
A shepherd's role is to lead, protect, and care for the flock. In our lives, we should seek to emulate these qualities in our leadership roles, whether in the church, family, or community.

Dependence on God for Guidance
Just as Moses depended on God to appoint a leader, we must rely on God for direction in our lives and decisions.

The Need for Spiritual Oversight
The metaphor of sheep without a shepherd highlights the necessity of spiritual oversight. We should ensure that we are under sound spiritual leadership and also provide it to others if we are in such a position.

Continuity in Leadership
The transition from Moses to Joshua underscores the importance of continuity in leadership. We should prepare and mentor future leaders to ensure the ongoing health and direction of our communities.(17) Which may go out before them . . . --The expression going out and coming in is used here, as in many other places, to denote the ordinary life of man (Deuteronomy 28:6; Deuteronomy 31:2). Leading out and bringing in (literally, causing to go out and to come in), as a shepherd in respect of his flock (John 10:3-9), denotes the direction of the conduct of others.

Verse 17. - Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them. A comparison with the words of Moses in Deuteronomy 31:2, and of Caleb in Joshua 14:11, shows that the going out and coming in refer to the vigorous prosecution of daily business, and the fatigues of active service. Which may lead them out, and which may bring them in. The underlying image is that of a shepherd and his flock, which suggests itself so naturally to all that have the care and governance of men (cf. John 10:3, 4, 16). As sheep which have no shepherd. And are, therefore, helpless, bewildered, scattered, lost, and devoured. The image is frequent in Scripture (cf. 1 Kings 22:17; Ezekiel 34:5; Zechariah 10:2; Matthew 9:36). The words of the Septuagint are ὡσεὶ πρόβατα οῖς οὐκ ἔστι ποιμήν

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
who
אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

will go out
יֵצֵ֣א (yê·ṣê)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3318: To go, bring, out, direct and proxim

and come in
יָבֹא֙ (yā·ḇō)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

before them,
לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם (lip̄·nê·hem)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 6440: The face

and who
וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר (wa·’ă·šer)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

will lead them out
יוֹצִיאֵ֖ם (yō·w·ṣî·’êm)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 3318: To go, bring, out, direct and proxim

and bring them in,
יְבִיאֵ֑ם (yə·ḇî·’êm)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

so that the congregation
עֲדַ֣ת (‘ă·ḏaṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 5712: A stated assemblage

of the LORD
יְהוָ֔ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

will not
וְלֹ֤א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

be
תִהְיֶה֙ (ṯih·yeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

like sheep
כַּצֹּ֕אן (kaṣ·ṣōn)
Preposition-k, Article | Noun - common singular
Strong's 6629: Small cattle, sheep and goats, flock

without
אֵין־ (’ên-)
Adverb
Strong's 369: A non-entity, a negative particle

a shepherd.”
רֹעֶֽה׃ (rō·‘eh)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 7462: To tend a, flock, pasture it, in, to graze, to rule, to associate with


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OT Law: Numbers 27:17 Who may go out before them (Nu Num.)
Numbers 27:16
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