Exodus 12:23 Study Bible: For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you.

◄ Exodus 12:23 ►

When the LORD passes through to strike down the Egyptians, He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway; so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.

Study Bible

When the LORD passes through to strike down the Egyptians,

This phrase refers to the final plague that God brought upon Egypt, the death of the firstborn, as a judgment against Pharaoh and the gods of Egypt. The LORD's action here is a direct intervention in human history, demonstrating His sovereignty and power. This event is a pivotal moment in the Exodus narrative, leading to the liberation of the Israelites from slavery. The judgment against the Egyptians also serves as a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that He would judge the nation that enslaved his descendants (Genesis 15:14).

Exo 11:4-7 So Moses declared, “This is what the LORD says:…
Psa 78:51 He struck all the firstborn of Egypt,…
Num 33:4 who were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD…

He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe

The blood on the doorframe is the blood of a lamb, which the Israelites were commanded to apply as a sign of their faith and obedience. This act of marking the doorframes with blood is a type of Christ, foreshadowing the sacrificial death of Jesus, the Lamb of God, whose blood brings salvation and protection from spiritual death (John 1:29, 1 Peter 1:19). The specific instruction to place the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe symbolizes a complete covering, indicating total protection.

Heb 11:28 By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of blood…
Ezk 9:4-6 “Go throughout the city of Jerusalem,” said the LORD,…
Lev 17:11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood…

and will pass over that doorway;

The term "pass over" is the origin of the Jewish festival of Passover, commemorating this event. It signifies God's mercy and grace in sparing the Israelites from the plague. This act of passing over is a demonstration of God's faithfulness to His covenant people, highlighting the theme of redemption that runs throughout Scripture. The Passover event is a precursor to the ultimate redemption through Christ's sacrifice.

Isa 31:5 Like birds hovering overhead, so the LORD of Hosts…
Isa 26:20-21 Go, my people, enter your rooms and shut your doors…
Gen 7:16 And they entered, the male and female of every living thing…

so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.

The "destroyer" is often understood as an angel of death or a divine agent executing God's judgment. This protection from the destroyer underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands and the power of the blood as a means of salvation. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of divine protection for those who trust in God (Psalm 91:10-11). The sparing of the Israelites' firstborn is a testament to God's ability to distinguish between those who are His and those who are not, a theme echoed in the New Testament with the separation of the sheep and the goats (Matthew 25:31-46).

1Co 10:10 And do not complain, as some of them did,…
2Sa 24:16 But when the angel stretched out his hand…
Psa 91:10-11 no evil will befall you, no plague will approach your tent.…

Persons / Places / Events

1. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant-keeping God of Israel, who acts as both judge and protector in this passage.

2. The Egyptians
The oppressors of the Israelites, who are subject to God's judgment through the plagues.

3. The Israelites
God's chosen people, who are instructed to mark their homes with lamb's blood to be spared from the final plague.

4. The Destroyer
A divine agent of judgment, often interpreted as an angel or a manifestation of God's wrath.

5. Passover
The event where God "passes over" the homes marked with blood, sparing the Israelites from the plague of the firstborn.

Teaching Points

The Power of Obedience
The Israelites' obedience in applying the blood was crucial for their protection. Obedience to God's instructions is vital for spiritual safety.

The Significance of Blood
Blood symbolizes life and atonement. In the New Testament, Christ's blood fulfills this role, offering eternal protection and salvation.

God's Sovereignty and Justice
God is both just in His judgment of the Egyptians and merciful in His protection of the Israelites. Recognizing God's sovereignty helps us trust His plans.

Faith in Action
The Israelites' faith was demonstrated through their actions. Our faith should also be evident in how we live and respond to God's commands.

The Role of Remembrance
The Passover was instituted as a lasting ordinance. Remembering God's past deliverance strengthens our faith in His future promises.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the act of marking the doorposts with blood demonstrate the Israelites' faith and obedience?

2. In what ways does the Passover event foreshadow the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in the New Testament?

3. How can we apply the principle of obedience seen in Exodus 12:23 to our daily lives?

4. What does the concept of "passing over" teach us about God's mercy and judgment?

5. How can the remembrance of God's past deliverance, as seen in the Passover, encourage us in our current spiritual journey?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 22
The concept of substitutionary sacrifice is introduced with Abraham and Isaac, foreshadowing the Passover lamb.

Leviticus 16
The Day of Atonement rituals, which include blood sacrifice for the atonement of sins, echo the protective power of the blood in Exodus 12.

John 1:29
John the Baptist refers to Jesus as the "Lamb of God," connecting the Passover lamb to Christ's sacrificial role.

Hebrews 11:28
The faith of Moses in instituting the Passover is highlighted, emphasizing trust in God's promises.

Revelation 5:9
The blood of Christ is celebrated as the means of redemption, paralleling the protective blood in Exodus.

Sermons

The Institution of the Passover	D. Young	Exodus 12:1-28
The Passover	J. Orr	Exodus 12:1-29
The Passover	H.T. Robjohns	Exodus 12:1-28, 43-51
Anxiety in Reference to Salvation	J. Parker, D. D.	Exodus 12:21-23
Christ, Our Passover	J. McNeill.	Exodus 12:21-23
Three Great Truths Taught by the Passover	W. Hay Aitken, M. A.	Exodus 12:21-23
Israel and the Sacrifice for Sin	D. Young	Exodus 12:21-28
Christ Our Passover	J. Orr	Exodus 12:21-29

People

Aaron, Egyptians, Israelites, Moses, Pharaoh

Places

Egypt, Rameses, Succoth

Topics

Allow, Blood, Death, Destroyer, Destruction, Door, Doorframe, Doorposts, Door-posts, Doorway, Egyptians, Enter, Houses, Lintel, Opening, Pass, Passed, Permit, Posts, Sees, Sending, Side-posts, Sides, Slay, Smite, Strike, Suffer

Dictionary of Bible Themes

Exodus 12:23

     1450   signs, kinds of
     4113   angels, agents of judgment
     4843   plague
     5295   destruction

Exodus 12:21-25

4470 hyssop

Exodus 12:21-28

7719 elders, as leaders

Exodus 12:22-23

5299 door
5564 suffering, of Christ

Exodus 12:23-28

7222 exodus, events of

Library

The Passover: an Expiation and a Feast, a Memorial and a Prophecy
'And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2. This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. 3. Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: 4. And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Exodus
The land of Egypt is a picture of the house of bondage into which all God's covenant people will, sooner or later, be brought on account of their sin. All those whom God means to give an inheritance in Canaan, he will first take down into Egypt. Even Jesus Christ himself went into Egypt before he appeared publicly as a teacher before the world, that in his instance, as well as in that of every Christian, the prophecy might be fulfilled--"Out of Egypt have I called my Son." Every one who enjoys the …
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 2: 1856

A Question for Communicants
"What mean ye by this service?"--Exodus 12:26. IN A SPIRITUAL religion, everything must be understood. That which is not spiritual, but ritualistic, contents itself with the outward form. Under the Jewish dispensation, there was a very strong tendency in that direction; but it was kept to some extent in check. Under the Christian faith, this tendency must not be tolerated at all. We must know the meaning of what we do; otherwise we are not profited. We do not believe in the faith of the man who was …
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 38: 1892

The Blood
Now, at the time of which this Book of Exodus speaks, Egypt was exposed to a terrible peril. Jehovah himself was about to march through the streets of all the cities of Egypt. It was not merely a destroying angel, but Jehovah himself; for thus it is written, "I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the first-born in the land of Egypt, both man and beast." No one less than I AM, the great God, had vowed to "cut Rahab" with the sword of vengeance. Tremble, ye inhabitants …
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 5: 1859

The Birthnight of Freedom
(Easter Day.) Exodus xii. 42. This is a night to be much observed unto the Lord, for bringing the children of Israel out of Egypt. To be much observed unto the Lord by the children of Israel. And by us, too, my friends; and by all nations who call themselves FREE. There are many and good ways of looking at Easter Day. Let us look at it in this way for once. It is the day on which God himself set men FREE. Consider the story. These Israelites, the children of Abraham, the brave, wild patriarch …
Charles Kingsley—The Gospel of the Pentateuch

Of the Practice of Piety in Holy Feasting.
Holy feasting is a solemn thanksgiving, appointed by authority, to be rendered to God on some special day, for some extraordinary blessings or deliverances received. Such among the Jews was the feast of the Passover (Exod. xii. 15), to remember to praise God for their deliverance out of Egypt's bondage; or the feast of Purim (Esth. ix. 19, 21), to give thanks for their deliverance from Haman's conspiracy. Such amongst us is the fifth of November, to praise God for the deliverance of the king and …
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

Of Preparation.
That a Christian ought necessarily to prepare himself before he presume to be a partaker of the holy communion, may evidently appear by five reasons:-- First, Because it is God's commandment; for if he commanded, under the pain of death, that none uncircumcised should eat the paschal lamb (Exod. xii. 48), nor any circumcised under four days preparation, how much greater preparation does he require of him that comes to receive the sacrament of his body and blood? which, as it succeeds, so doth it …
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Reaction against Egypt
THE XIth DYNASTY: HARMHABI--THE HITTITE EMPIRE IN SYRIA AND IN ASIA MINOR--SETI I. AND RAMSES II.--THE PEOPLE OF THE SEA: MINEPHTAH AND THE ISRAELITE EXODUS. The birth and antecedents of Harmhabi, his youth, his enthronement--The final triumph of Amon and his priests--Harmhabi infuses order into the government: his wars against the Ethiopians and Asiatics--The Khati, their civilization, religion; their political and military constitution; the extension of their empire towards the north--The countries …
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 5

The Typical Significance of the Scriptures Declare their Divine Authorship
"In the volume of the Book it is written of Me" (Heb. 10:7). Christ is the Key to the Scriptures. Said He, "Search the Scriptures..they are they which testify of Me." (John 5:39), and the "Scriptures" to which He had reference, were not the four Gospels for they were not then written, but the writings of Moses and the prophets. The Old Testament Scriptures then are something more than a compilation of historical records, something more than a system of social and religious legislation, something …
Arthur W. Pink—The Divine Inspiration of the Bible

Preparation for Passover. Disciples Contend for Precedence.
(Bethany to Jerusalem. Thursday Afternoon and, After Sunset, Beginning of Friday.) ^A Matt. XXVI. 17-20; ^B Mark XIV. 12-17; ^C Luke XXII. 7-18, 24-30. ^c 7 And the day of unleavened bread came, on which the passover must be sacrificed. [See p. 57. Leaven was to the Jew a symbol of corruption and impurity, because it causes bread to become stale. The feast of unleavened bread began properly on the fifteenth of Nisan, and lasted seven days, but this was the fourteenth Nisan, the day on which the paschal …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Bread and Wine
"And as they were eating, He took bread, and when He had blessed, He brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take ye: this is My body. And He took a cup, and when He had given thanks, He gave to them: and they all drank of it. And He said unto them, This is My blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God." MARK 14:22-25 (R.V.) HOW much does the Gospel of St. Mark tell us …
G. A. Chadwick—The Gospel of St. Mark

Appendix xii. The Baptism of Proselytes
ONLY those who have made study of it can have any idea how large, and sometimes bewildering, is the literature on the subject of Jewish Proselytes and their Baptism. Our present remarks will be confined to the Baptism of Proselytes. 1. Generally, as regards proselytes (Gerim) we have to distinguish between the Ger ha-Shaar (proselyte of the gate) and Ger Toshabh (sojourner,' settled among Israel), and again the Ger hatstsedeq (proselyte of righteousness) and Ger habberith (proselyte of the covenant). …
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Johannine Writings
BY the Johannine writings are meant the Apocalypse and the fourth gospel, as well as the three catholic epistles to which the name of John is traditionally attached. It is not possible to enter here into a review of the critical questions connected with them, and especially into the question of their authorship. The most recent criticism, while it seems to bring the traditional authorship into greater uncertainty, approaches more nearly than was once common to the position of tradition in another …
James Denney—The Death of Christ

Circumcision, Temple Service, and Naming of Jesus.
(the Temple at Jerusalem, b.c. 4) ^C Luke II. 21-39. ^c 21 And when eight days [Gen. xvii. 12] were fulfilled for circumcising him [The rite was doubtless performed by Joseph. By this rite Jesus was "made like unto his brethren" (Heb. ii. 16, 17); that is, he became a member of the covenant nation, and became a debtor to the law--Gal. v. 3] , his name was called JESUS [see Luke i. 59], which was so called by the angel before he was conceived in the womb. [Luke i. 31.] 22 And when the days of their …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Opposition to Messiah in Vain
He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh; the Lord shall have them in derision. T he extent and efficacy [effects] of the depravity of mankind cannot be fully estimated by the conduct of heathens destitute of divine revelation. We may say of the Gospel, in one sense, what the Apostle says of the Law, It entered that sin might abound (Romans 5:20) . It afforded occasion for displaying the alienation of the heart of man from the blessed God, in the strongest light. The sensuality, oppression and …
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Sundry Exhortations.
HEBREWS xiii. Let love of the brethren continue. Forget not to shew love unto strangers: for thereby some have entertained angels unawares. Remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them; them that are evil entreated, as being yourselves also in the body. Let marriage be had in honour among all, and let the bed be undefiled: for fornicators and adulterers God will judge. Be ye free from the love of money; content with such things as ye have: for Himself hath said, I will in no wise fail thee, …
Thomas Charles Edwards—The Expositor's Bible: The Epistle to the Hebrews

Peaceable Principles and True: Or, a Brief Answer to Mr. D'Anver's and Mr. Paul's Books against My Confession of Faith, and Differences in Judgment About Baptism no Bar to Communion.
WHEREIN THEIR SCRIPTURELESS NOTIONS ARE OVERTHROWN, AND MY PEACEABLE PRINCIPLES STILL MAINTAINED. 'Do ye indeed speak righteousness, O congregation? do ye judge uprightly, O ye sons of men?'--Psalm 58:1 SIR, I have received and considered your short reply to my differences in judgment about water baptism no bar to communion; and observe, that you touch not the argument at all: but rather labour what you can, and beyond what you ought, to throw odiums upon your brother for reproving you for your error, …
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Solomon's Temple Spiritualized
or, Gospel Light Fetched out of the Temple at Jerusalem, to Let us More Easily into the Glory of New Testament Truths. 'Thou son of man, shew the house to the house of Isreal;--shew them the form of the house, and the fashion thereof, and the goings out hereof, and the comings in thereof, and all the forms thereof, and all the ordinances thereof, and all the forms thereof, and all the laws thereof.'--Ezekiel 43:10, 11 London: Printed for, and sold by George Larkin, at the Two Swans without Bishopgate, …
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners:
A BRIEF AND FAITHFUL RELATION OF THE EXCEEDING MERCY OF GOD IN CHRIST TO HIS POOR SERVANT, JOHN BUNYAN; WHEREIN IS PARTICULARLY SHOWED THE MANNER OF HIS CONVERSION, HIS SIGHT AND TROUBLE FOR SIN, HIS DREADFUL TEMPTATIONS, ALSO HOW HE DESPAIRED OF GOD'S MERCY, AND HOW THE LORD AT LENGTH THROUGH CHRIST DID DELIVER HIM FROM ALL THE GUILT AND TERROR THAT LAY UPON HIM. Whereunto is added a brief relation of his call to the work of the ministry, of his temptations therein, as also what he hath met with …
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Jesus Living at Nazareth and visiting Jerusalem in his Twelfth Year.
(Nazareth and Jerusalem, a.d. 7 or 8.) ^C Luke II. 40-52. ^c 40 And the child grew [This verse contains the history of thirty years. It describes the growth of our Lord as a natural, human growth (compare Luke i. 80); for, though Jesus was truly divine, he was also perfectly man. To try to distinguish between the divine and human in Jesus, is to waste time upon an impracticable mystery which is too subtle for our dull and finite minds], and waxed strong [His life expanded like other human lives. …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Prophet Amos.
GENERAL PRELIMINARY REMARKS. It will not be necessary to extend our preliminary remarks on the prophet Amos, since on the main point--viz., the circumstances under which he appeared as a prophet--the introduction to the prophecies of Hosea may be regarded as having been written for those of Amos also. For, according to the inscription, they belong to the same period at which Hosea's prophetic ministry began, viz., the latter part of the reign of Jeroboam II., and after Uzziah had ascended the …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

The Scriptures
Q-II: WHAT RULE HAS GOD GIVEN TO DIRECT US HOW WE MAY GLORIFY AND ENJOY HIM? A: The Word of God, which is contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him. 2 Tim 3:16. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God,' By Scripture is understood the sacred Book of God. It is given by divine inspiration; that is, the Scripture is not the contrivance of man's brain, but is divine in its origin. The image of Diana was had in veneration …
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Jesus, My Rock.
When the storm and the tempest are raging around me, Oh! where shall I flee to be safe from their shock? There are walls which no mortal hands built to surround me, A Refuge Eternal,--'Tis JESUS MY ROCK! When my heart is all sorrow, and trials aggrieve me, To whom can I safely my secrets unlock? No bosom (save one) has the power to relieve me, The bosom which bled for me, JESUS MY ROCK! When Life's gloomy curtain, at last, shall close o'er me, And the chill hand of death unexpectedly knock, I will …
John Ross Macduff—The Cities of Refuge: or, The Name of Jesus

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