Exodus 8:32
But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go.
But Pharaoh hardened his heart
This phrase indicates Pharaoh's deliberate choice to resist God's command. In the biblical context, the hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in the Exodus narrative, illustrating the struggle between divine will and human obstinacy. Theologically, it reflects the tension between God's sovereignty and human free will. The hardening of the heart is also seen as a judgment from God, as mentioned in Romans 9:17-18, where Paul discusses God's purpose in raising Pharaoh to demonstrate His power.

this time as well
This suggests a pattern of behavior, as Pharaoh had previously hardened his heart during earlier plagues. The repetition emphasizes Pharaoh's persistent rebellion against God. Historically, the plagues were a direct challenge to the Egyptian pantheon, each plague targeting specific deities. Pharaoh's repeated refusal to heed God's command highlights the futility of resisting divine authority and serves as a warning against the dangers of pride and stubbornness.

and he would not let the people go
This phrase underscores Pharaoh's refusal to release the Israelites, despite the mounting pressure from the plagues. In the broader narrative, this refusal sets the stage for the eventual deliverance of the Israelites, a pivotal event in salvation history. Theologically, it prefigures the ultimate deliverance through Jesus Christ, who frees humanity from the bondage of sin. The Exodus story is often seen as a type of Christ's redemptive work, with Moses as a foreshadowing of Christ as the deliverer.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt who repeatedly refuses to release the Israelites from slavery, despite witnessing God's power through the plagues.

2. Moses
The prophet and leader chosen by God to demand the release of the Israelites and lead them out of Egypt.

3. The Israelites
The descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who are enslaved in Egypt and are the people God intends to deliver.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved and where God demonstrates His power through the plagues.

5. The Plagues
A series of divine judgments sent by God to persuade Pharaoh to release the Israelites, with the hardening of Pharaoh's heart being a recurring theme.
Teaching Points
The Danger of a Hardened Heart
Pharaoh's repeated hardening of his heart serves as a warning against resisting God's will. It illustrates how pride and stubbornness can lead to one's downfall.

God's Sovereignty and Patience
Despite Pharaoh's resistance, God remains in control, using the situation to demonstrate His power and patience. This reminds us of God's ultimate authority and His willingness to give people opportunities to repent.

The Importance of Obedience
The account encourages believers to respond to God's commands with obedience rather than resistance, highlighting the blessings that come from aligning with God's will.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Pharaoh's refusal to heed God's command results in severe consequences for Egypt, teaching us that disobedience can lead to personal and communal suffering.

Trust in God's Deliverance
The account of the plagues and the eventual release of the Israelites underscores the importance of trusting in God's plan for deliverance, even when circumstances seem dire.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Pharaoh's hardened heart in Exodus 8:32 reflect the broader theme of resistance to God's will in the Bible?

2. In what ways can we identify and address areas in our own lives where we might be hardening our hearts against God's guidance?

3. How does the account of Pharaoh and the plagues illustrate the balance between God's justice and mercy?

4. What lessons can we learn from Pharaoh's example about the consequences of pride and stubbornness?

5. How can we apply the principle of trusting in God's deliverance to our current life challenges, drawing connections to other biblical examples of deliverance?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 7:13
This verse introduces the theme of Pharaoh's hardened heart, which is a recurring motif throughout the plagues account.

Romans 9:17-18
Paul references Pharaoh's hardened heart to illustrate God's sovereignty and purpose in using even the obstinate for His glory.

Hebrews 3:7-8
The author warns against hardening one's heart, drawing a parallel to the Israelites' rebellion in the wilderness, which echoes Pharaoh's obstinacy.
Three Plagues - Frogs, Lice, FliesJ. Orr Exodus 8:1-32
The Fourth PlagueJ. Urquhart Exodus 8:20-32
The Fourth Plague - the Flies: the Immunities of GoshenD. Young Exodus 8:20-32
The Plague of FliesJ. Orr Exodus 8:20-32
Exhortation to the Newly AwakenedG. F. Pentecost, D. D.Exodus 8:25-32
It is not Meet So to DoG. F. Pentecost, D. D.Exodus 8:25-32
Not Very Far AwayG. F. Pentecost, D. D.Exodus 8:25-32
The Impossibility of Compromise in a Religious LifeJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 8:25-32
People
Aaron, Egyptians, Moses, Pharaoh
Places
Egypt, Goshen, Nile River
Topics
Didn't, Hardened, Hardeneth, Heart, Pharaoh
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 8:32

     5016   heart, fallen and redeemed
     5020   human nature
     6178   hardness of heart
     6663   freedom, of will

Library
Mary, Future Mother of Jesus, visits Elisabeth, Future Mother of John the Baptist.
(in the Hill Country of Judæa, b.c. 5.) ^C Luke I. 39-56. ^c 39 And Mary arose in these days [within a week or two after the angel appeared to her] and went into the hill country [the district of Judah lying south of Jerusalem, of which the city of Hebron was the center] with haste [she fled to those whom God had inspired, so that they could understand her condition and know her innocence--to those who were as Joseph needed to be inspired, that he might understand--Matt. i. 18-25], into a city
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Blasphemous Accusations of the Jews.
(Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 22-37; ^B Mark III. 19-30; ^C Luke XI. 14-23. ^b 19 And he cometh into a house. [Whose house is not stated.] 20 And the multitude cometh together again [as on a previous occasion--Mark ii. 1], so that they could not so much as eat bread. [They could not sit down to a regular meal. A wonderful picture of the intense importunity of people and the corresponding eagerness of Jesus, who was as willing to do as they were to have done.] 21 And when his friends heard it, they went
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

He Does Battle for the Faith; He Restores Peace among those who were at Variance; He Takes in Hand to Build a Stone Church.
57. (32). There was a certain clerk in Lismore whose life, as it is said, was good, but his faith not so. He was a man of some knowledge in his own eyes, and dared to say that in the Eucharist there is only a sacrament and not the fact[718] of the sacrament, that is, mere sanctification and not the truth of the Body. On this subject he was often addressed by Malachy in secret, but in vain; and finally he was called before a public assembly, the laity however being excluded, in order that if it were
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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