Exodus 10:20
New International Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

New Living Translation
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart again, so he refused to let the people go.

English Standard Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go.

Berean Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

King James Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

New King James Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.

New American Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go.

NASB 1995
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go.

NASB 1977
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go.

Legacy Standard Bible
But Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart with strength, and he did not let the sons of Israel go.

Amplified Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart [so that it was even more resolved and obstinate], and he did not let the Israelites go.

Christian Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the Israelites go.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the Israelites go.

American Standard Version
But Jehovah hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.

Contemporary English Version
but the LORD made the king so stubborn that he still refused to let the Israelites go.

English Revised Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
But the LORD made Pharaoh stubborn, so he did not let the Israelites go.

Good News Translation
But the LORD made the king stubborn, and he did not let the Israelites go.

International Standard Version
But the LORD made Pharaoh's heart stubborn and he would not let the Israelis go.

Majority Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

NET Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not release the Israelites.

New Heart English Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.

Webster's Bible Translation
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

World English Bible
But Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he didn’t let the children of Israel go.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and YHWH strengthens the heart of Pharaoh, and he has not sent the sons of Israel away.

Young's Literal Translation
and Jehovah strengtheneth the heart of Pharaoh, and he hath not sent the sons of Israel away.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jehovah will bind fast the heart of Pharaoh, and he sent not forth the sons of Israel.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And the Lord hardened Pharao's heart, neither did he let the children of Israel go.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh; neither did he release the sons of Israel.

New American Bible
Yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

New Revised Standard Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And LORD JEHOVAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not send out the children of Israel.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao, and he did not send away the children of Israel.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Eighth Plague: Locusts
19And the LORD changed the wind to a very strong west wind that carried off the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. Not a single locust remained anywhere in Egypt. 20But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

Cross References
Romans 9:17-18
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

Exodus 4:21
The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

Exodus 7:3
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

Exodus 9:12
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.

Exodus 11:10
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Exodus 14:4
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So this is what the Israelites did.

Exodus 14:8
And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.

Deuteronomy 2:30
But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.

Joshua 11:20
For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Isaiah 63:17
Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.

1 Samuel 6:6
Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people out so they could go on their way?

Proverbs 21:1
The king’s heart is a waterway in the hand of the LORD; He directs it where He pleases.

John 12:40
“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, so that they cannot see with their eyes, and understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.”

2 Thessalonians 2:11-12
For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie, / in order that judgment may come upon all who have disbelieved the truth and delighted in wickedness.

Mark 6:52
for they had not understood about the loaves, but their hearts had been hardened.


Treasury of Scripture

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

Exodus 4:21
And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

Exodus 7:13,14
And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said…

Exodus 9:12
And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.

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Exodus 10
1. God threatens to send locusts
7. Pharaoh, moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go
12. The plague of the locusts
16. Pharaoh entreats Moses
21. The plague of darkness
24. Pharaoh again entreats Moses, but yet is hardened














But the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and active involvement of God in the events of Exodus. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal presence and faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Exodus, Yahweh is demonstrating His power over the gods of Egypt and His commitment to liberating His people.

hardened Pharaoh’s heart
The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in Exodus, illustrating the tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. The Hebrew word for "hardened" is "chazaq," which can mean to strengthen, make firm, or harden. This action by God serves to fulfill His purposes, showing that even the resistance of powerful rulers cannot thwart His divine plan. It also serves as a warning about the dangers of persistent unbelief and rebellion against God.

and he would not let
This phrase indicates Pharaoh's continued refusal to release the Israelites. The Hebrew verb "shalach" means to send away or let go. Pharaoh's obstinacy is a direct challenge to God's command and highlights the spiritual battle between God's will and human defiance. It underscores the futility of resisting God's purposes.

the Israelites go
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This group is central to God's redemptive plan, as they are the chosen people through whom He will reveal His law and ultimately bring forth the Messiah. The liberation of the Israelites from Egypt is a pivotal moment in biblical history, symbolizing God's deliverance and faithfulness to His covenant promises.

just as the LORD had said through Moses
This phrase reaffirms the reliability of God's word and the role of Moses as His prophet. The fulfillment of God's declarations through Moses serves to authenticate Moses' leadership and the divine origin of his message. It also reinforces the theme of prophecy and fulfillment, a key aspect of biblical revelation, demonstrating that God's plans are certain and will come to pass as He has spoken.

(20) The Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart.--Comp. above, Exodus 9:12.

Verse 20. - But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart. The word used here is the intensive one, khazoq, instead of the milder kabod of ver. 1. Pharaoh's prolonged obstinacy and impenitence was receiving aggravation by the working of the just laws of God. (See the comment on Exodus 4:21.)

CHAPTER 10:21-29

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
But the LORD
יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

hardened
וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק (way·ḥaz·zêq)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2388: To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer

Pharaoh’s
פַּרְעֹ֑ה (par·‘ōh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6547: Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings

heart,
לֵ֣ב (lêḇ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre

and he would not
וְלֹ֥א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

let the Israelites
בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

go.
שִׁלַּ֖ח (šil·laḥ)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out


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OT Law: Exodus 10:20 But Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart and he (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 10:19
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