My son, pay attention to my wisdom;
The phrase "My son" indicates a personal and intimate address, suggesting a fatherly figure imparting wisdom to a younger generation. This reflects the traditional Jewish practice of oral teaching within the family, where wisdom is passed down from parent to child. The use of "my son" is common in Proverbs, emphasizing the importance of familial relationships in the transmission of moral and spiritual values. The call to "pay attention" underscores the active role of the listener in acquiring wisdom, which is a central theme in the book of Proverbs. Wisdom here is not merely intellectual knowledge but encompasses moral and ethical understanding, aligning with the fear of the Lord as the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10).

incline your ear to my insight,
"Incline your ear" suggests a deliberate and focused effort to listen and understand. This phrase implies humility and a willingness to learn, which are essential attitudes for gaining true insight. Insight, in this context, refers to discernment and the ability to apply knowledge in practical ways. The call to incline one's ear is reminiscent of the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4-9, where the Israelites are commanded to hear and obey God's commandments. This connection highlights the importance of obedience and attentiveness in the pursuit of godly wisdom. Insight is portrayed as a divine gift that requires an open heart and mind, echoing the teachings of Jesus, who often spoke of the importance of hearing and understanding His words (Matthew 13:9).

that you may maintain discretion
Discretion in the biblical context refers to the ability to make wise decisions and to discern right from wrong. This concept is deeply rooted in the wisdom literature of the Bible, particularly in Proverbs, which emphasizes the importance of living a life guided by wisdom and understanding. The Hebrew word for discretion can also imply a sense of purpose and careful planning. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, discretion was highly valued as it was essential for maintaining social harmony and personal integrity. This phrase encourages the reader to cultivate a thoughtful and prudent approach to life, aligning with the broader biblical theme of seeking wisdom from God (James 1:5).

and your lips may preserve knowledge
The preservation of knowledge through one's speech highlights the importance of communication in conveying wisdom and truth. In the biblical context, the lips are often seen as instruments of both blessing and destruction (Proverbs 18:21). This phrase underscores the responsibility of believers to speak truthfully and wisely, ensuring that their words reflect the knowledge and understanding they have received from God. The idea of preserving knowledge connects to the broader biblical narrative of passing down divine wisdom through generations, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:6-7, where parents are instructed to teach God's commandments to their children. This aligns with the prophetic role of Jesus Christ, who is described as the Word made flesh (John 1:14), embodying and communicating divine truth to humanity.

Though the lips of the forbidden woman drip honey
The imagery of lips dripping honey suggests sweetness and allure, a metaphor for temptation. In ancient Near Eastern culture, honey was a prized delicacy, symbolizing pleasure and abundance. The "forbidden woman" refers to an adulteress or a woman outside the bounds of lawful marriage, often representing temptation and sin. This phrase warns against the seductive nature of sin, which initially appears attractive and desirable. The allure of the forbidden woman can be compared to the deceitfulness of sin described in James 1:14-15, where desire leads to sin and ultimately to death.

and her speech is smoother than oil
Oil in biblical times was used for anointing and as a symbol of prosperity and blessing. Here, it represents the persuasive and enticing nature of the forbidden woman's words. Her speech is described as "smoother than oil," indicating a deceptive charm that can easily lead one astray. This smoothness can be likened to the flattery and deceit warned against in Psalm 55:21, where words are smoother than butter but harbor war. The passage serves as a caution against being swayed by eloquent but misleading words, emphasizing the need for discernment and wisdom, as highlighted in Proverbs 2:10-12, which speaks of wisdom entering the heart and delivering from the way of evil.

in the end she is bitter as wormwood
The phrase "in the end" suggests a future consequence or outcome, emphasizing the eventual result of following the path of temptation and sin. The imagery of "bitter as wormwood" draws from the ancient understanding of wormwood as a plant known for its intensely bitter taste, often associated with sorrow and calamity. In biblical times, wormwood was a symbol of judgment and suffering (Lamentations 3:15, Revelation 8:11). This bitterness contrasts with the initial allure of sin, highlighting the deceptive nature of temptation. The cultural context of the time would have understood this bitterness as a warning against the seductive but ultimately destructive nature of immoral relationships.

sharp as a double-edged sword
The comparison to a "double-edged sword" conveys the idea of danger and harm. In ancient warfare, a double-edged sword was a powerful weapon, capable of cutting in both directions, symbolizing the potential for severe damage. This metaphor underscores the perilous consequences of engaging in sinful behavior, which can lead to spiritual and emotional destruction. The imagery of a sword is also used in other scriptures to represent the Word of God (Hebrews 4:12), which discerns and judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart. This duality suggests that while God's Word is life-giving, the path of sin is destructive. The historical context of this imagery would resonate with an audience familiar with the lethal efficiency of such a weapon, reinforcing the seriousness of the warning.

Her feet go down to death;
This phrase warns of the ultimate consequence of following the path of the adulterous woman, symbolizing temptation and sin. In biblical context, "death" often signifies not just physical demise but spiritual separation from God. The imagery of feet going down suggests a deliberate and inevitable descent, emphasizing the danger of succumbing to sinful desires. This aligns with the broader biblical theme that sin leads to death, as seen in Romans 6:23, which states, "For the wages of sin is death." The use of "feet" implies a journey or path, indicating that engaging in sin is a progressive movement away from righteousness.

her steps lead straight to Sheol.
"Sheol" in the Old Testament refers to the realm of the dead, a place of darkness and separation from the living. It is often depicted as a pit or grave, symbolizing the finality and hopelessness of a life led astray by sin. The phrase "lead straight" underscores the direct and unavoidable nature of this path, suggesting that once one begins to follow the way of sin, it leads inevitably to spiritual ruin. This is echoed in Proverbs 14:12, "There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death." The cultural understanding of Sheol during the time Proverbs was written reflects a belief in an afterlife where the wicked face consequences, contrasting with the hope of eternal life offered through faithfulness to God.

She does not consider the path of life;
This phrase highlights a lack of wisdom and discernment. In biblical context, the "path of life" often refers to a way of living that aligns with God's commandments and leads to spiritual fulfillment and eternal life. The failure to consider this path suggests a disregard for divine guidance and moral principles. In Proverbs, wisdom is frequently personified as a woman who calls out to people to follow the righteous path (Proverbs 1:20-33). This contrast between wisdom and folly is a recurring theme, emphasizing the importance of choosing a life that honors God. The cultural context of ancient Israel placed a high value on wisdom as a means to live a prosperous and righteous life, and this verse warns against neglecting such wisdom.

she does not know that her ways are unstable.
The instability of her ways indicates a life built on poor choices and a lack of foundation in truth. This can be connected to the broader biblical theme of the consequences of sin and folly. In Matthew 7:24-27, Jesus speaks of the wise and foolish builders, illustrating the importance of building one's life on the solid foundation of His teachings. The instability here can also be seen as a warning against the seductive nature of sin, which may appear appealing but ultimately leads to destruction. Historically, the wisdom literature of the Bible, including Proverbs, served as a guide for living a life that is stable and secure, rooted in the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10). This verse serves as a cautionary reminder of the dangers of ignoring divine wisdom and the resulting instability that affects all aspects of life.

So now, my sons,
This phrase indicates a direct address to the audience, emphasizing the importance of the message. In the context of Proverbs, "my sons" often refers to the younger generation or disciples who are being instructed in wisdom. The use of "sons" reflects the familial and covenantal relationship between the teacher and the learner, akin to the relationship between God and His people. This familial language is consistent with the broader biblical theme of God as a Father (e.g., Deuteronomy 32:6, Isaiah 63:16).

listen to me,
The call to "listen" underscores the importance of heeding wisdom and instruction. Listening in the biblical sense implies not just hearing but obeying and internalizing the teachings. This echoes the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4-5, where Israel is called to hear and love the Lord with all their heart. The emphasis on listening is a recurring theme in Proverbs, highlighting the value of wisdom and the consequences of ignoring it.

and do not turn aside
This phrase warns against deviating from the path of wisdom. In biblical literature, the path is often a metaphor for one's way of life or moral conduct (e.g., Psalm 1:1, Proverbs 4:26-27). Turning aside suggests a deliberate choice to ignore or reject wise counsel, which can lead to destructive consequences. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative of choosing between the way of life and the way of death (Deuteronomy 30:19).

from the words of my mouth.
The "words of my mouth" refer to the teachings and commandments being imparted. In the context of Proverbs, these words are not merely human advice but are seen as divinely inspired wisdom. The emphasis on words reflects the power of speech in biblical thought, where words can create, bless, or curse (e.g., Genesis 1, James 3:5-10). This phrase also connects to the New Testament, where Jesus is described as the Word made flesh (John 1:14), embodying divine wisdom and instruction.

Keep your path far from her;
This phrase serves as a warning against the dangers of engaging with the "adulterous woman," a recurring theme in Proverbs. The admonition to keep one's path far away emphasizes the importance of avoiding temptation entirely. In biblical context, this reflects the wisdom tradition's focus on moral purity and the avoidance of sin. The imagery of a path suggests a journey or life direction, indicating that one's choices can lead either toward wisdom or folly. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching found in 1 Corinthians 6:18, which advises believers to flee from sexual immorality. The call to maintain distance underscores the proactive steps necessary to guard one's heart and maintain integrity.

do not go near the door of her house,
The door of her house symbolizes the threshold of temptation and sin. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the house was a private domain, and entering it could imply intimacy or complicity. The warning not to approach the door suggests that even the proximity to temptation can lead to downfall. This is reminiscent of the story of Joseph in Genesis 39, who fled from Potiphar's wife to avoid sin. The door also represents the boundary between safety and danger, wisdom and folly. By advising against even nearing this boundary, the text highlights the importance of setting firm boundaries to protect oneself from moral compromise. This principle is echoed in James 1:14-15, which describes how desire, when conceived, gives birth to sin.

lest you concede your vigor to others
This phrase warns against the loss of strength and vitality, often associated with the consequences of immoral living. In biblical context, "vigor" can refer to one's physical, spiritual, and moral strength. The book of Proverbs frequently emphasizes the importance of wisdom and the dangers of folly, particularly in the context of sexual immorality (Proverbs 5:3-8). The idea of conceding one's vigor to others suggests a transfer of power and energy that should be reserved for one's own family and God-given purpose. This aligns with the biblical principle of stewardship, where individuals are called to manage their resources, including their bodies, in a way that honors God (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

and your years to one who is cruel
The phrase "one who is cruel" can be interpreted as a metaphor for the destructive consequences of sin, particularly in the context of relationships that are not ordained by God. Historically, the ancient Near Eastern cultures often depicted foreign or pagan influences as cruel, leading the Israelites away from their covenant with God. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative where Israel is warned against forming alliances with nations that do not follow Yahweh (Deuteronomy 7:1-4). The loss of "years" implies a significant portion of one's life being wasted or consumed by regret and suffering due to poor choices. This serves as a cautionary tale, urging believers to remain faithful and avoid entanglements that lead to spiritual and physical ruin. The concept of time being given to a cruel master can also be seen as a type of spiritual bondage, contrasting with the freedom found in Christ (Galatians 5:1).

lest strangers feast on your wealth
This phrase warns against the consequences of infidelity and unwise living, suggesting that one's resources and hard-earned wealth could be consumed by those outside the family or community. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wealth was often tied to land, livestock, and produce, which were vital for survival and prosperity. The idea of "strangers" feasting on one's wealth implies a loss of control and the squandering of resources meant for one's own family. This aligns with the biblical principle of stewardship, where individuals are called to manage their resources wisely (Proverbs 21:20). The imagery of strangers consuming wealth also echoes the covenantal warnings found in Deuteronomy 28:33, where disobedience leads to foreign nations consuming the fruits of the Israelites' labor.

and your labors enrich the house of a foreigner
This part of the verse highlights the futility and injustice of one's efforts benefiting those outside the intended circle of blessing. In the historical context of Israel, the "house of a foreigner" could refer to neighboring nations or peoples who did not share the covenant relationship with God. The Israelites were warned against alliances and behaviors that would lead to their subjugation or exploitation by foreign powers (Judges 2:3). This phrase serves as a caution against allowing one's life and efforts to be directed away from God's purposes, resulting in the enrichment of those who do not honor Him. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of exile and loss, where disobedience leads to the forfeiture of God's blessings, as seen in the Babylonian exile (2 Kings 24:14). Theologically, it underscores the importance of faithfulness and the consequences of turning away from divine wisdom.

At the end of your life
This phrase emphasizes the culmination of one's earthly journey, highlighting the consequences of a life lived without wisdom. In biblical context, the "end of life" often refers to a time of reflection and judgment. Ecclesiastes 12:13-14 speaks to the importance of fearing God and keeping His commandments as the ultimate duty of man, suggesting that the end of life is a time when one's actions are evaluated. The phrase also echoes the biblical theme of mortality and the brevity of life, as seen in Psalm 90:10, which reminds us that our days are numbered.

you will groan
The groaning here signifies deep regret and sorrow. In the Hebrew context, groaning is often associated with suffering and distress, as seen in Exodus 2:23, where the Israelites groaned under the weight of their bondage. This groaning is a result of realizing the consequences of one's foolish choices, particularly in the context of Proverbs, which frequently contrasts the outcomes of wisdom and folly. The emotional weight of this groaning underscores the importance of heeding wisdom's call throughout one's life.

when your flesh and your body are spent
This phrase highlights the physical decline that accompanies the end of life, serving as a metaphor for the spiritual and moral decay resulting from a life of sin. The imagery of a spent body reflects the biblical understanding of the consequences of sin, as seen in Romans 6:23, which states that the wages of sin is death. The physical deterioration is also a reminder of the temporal nature of earthly pleasures and the ultimate futility of pursuing them at the expense of spiritual well-being. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that emphasizes the importance of spiritual health over physical indulgence, as seen in 1 Timothy 4:8, which contrasts bodily training with godliness.

and you will say,
This phrase introduces a moment of regret and reflection. It suggests a future realization of past mistakes, emphasizing the importance of foresight and wisdom. In biblical context, this is a common theme where individuals come to a point of understanding the consequences of their actions, as seen in the parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15:17).

“How I hated discipline,
Discipline in the biblical sense often refers to correction and instruction from God or wise leaders. Proverbs frequently contrasts the wise, who embrace discipline, with fools, who reject it (Proverbs 12:1). The Hebrew word for discipline can also imply training or education, suggesting a broader context of learning and growth. Historically, discipline was a key aspect of Hebrew education, both in the family and religious settings.

and my heart despised reproof!
Reproof involves correction and admonition, often given to guide someone back to the right path. The heart, in biblical terms, represents the center of one's being, including emotions, will, and intellect. Despising reproof indicates a deep-seated resistance to change or guidance. This attitude is contrasted with the wise, who love knowledge and correction (Proverbs 9:8). The rejection of reproof is a recurring theme in Scripture, highlighting the danger of pride and stubbornness, as seen in the warnings to Israel through the prophets (Jeremiah 5:3).

I did not listen to the voice of my teachers
This phrase highlights the importance of heeding wisdom and instruction, a recurring theme in Proverbs. In ancient Israel, teachers were often elders or those with experience in the Law and life, emphasizing the value of generational wisdom. The failure to listen is a common biblical warning, seen in passages like Jeremiah 7:24, where the Israelites did not listen to God’s prophets. This reflects a broader biblical principle that wisdom and instruction are vital for a righteous life, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:4-9, where the Shema instructs Israel to listen and obey God's commandments.

or incline my ear to my mentors
The act of inclining one's ear suggests a deliberate effort to understand and apply wisdom. In the cultural context of the Bible, mentors were often seen as guides in both spiritual and practical matters. The Hebrew culture placed a high value on mentorship, as seen in the relationships between Moses and Joshua, Elijah and Elisha, and Paul and Timothy. This phrase underscores the personal responsibility to seek and apply wisdom, echoing the call in James 1:22 to be doers of the word, not just hearers. The failure to do so can lead to folly and destruction, as illustrated in the broader context of Proverbs 5, which warns against the dangers of adultery and the consequences of ignoring wise counsel.

I am on the brink of utter ruin
This phrase captures a moment of deep personal crisis and impending disaster. In the context of Proverbs, it reflects the consequences of ignoring wisdom and engaging in immoral behavior, particularly adultery. The "brink of utter ruin" suggests a point of no return, emphasizing the severity of the situation. Biblically, this aligns with the warnings found throughout Proverbs about the dangers of folly and sin (Proverbs 1:32-33). The imagery of a "brink" suggests a precipice, a place where one can fall into destruction, reminiscent of the warnings in Deuteronomy 30:19 about choosing life over death.

in the midst of the whole assembly.
This phrase indicates public exposure and shame. In ancient Israelite culture, community and reputation were of utmost importance. Being disgraced "in the midst of the whole assembly" implies a loss of honor and standing within the community. This public aspect of sin's consequences is echoed in other scriptures, such as Numbers 32:23, which warns that sin will find you out. The assembly, or congregation, was central to Israelite life, serving as a place for worship, judgment, and communal decision-making. The fear of public disgrace would have been a powerful deterrent against sin, highlighting the communal nature of sin and its repercussions.

Drink water from your own cistern
This phrase emphasizes the importance of faithfulness and contentment within one's own marriage. In ancient Israel, water was a precious resource, and cisterns were used to collect and store rainwater. The imagery of drinking from one's own cistern suggests the value of cherishing and nurturing one's own marital relationship. This metaphor highlights the exclusivity and intimacy that should characterize marriage, reflecting the covenant relationship between God and His people. The idea of faithfulness is echoed in other scriptures, such as Malachi 2:14-16, where God condemns unfaithfulness in marriage.

and running water from your own well
The mention of "running water" or "fresh water" from one's own well further underscores the idea of purity and vitality in the marital relationship. Wells were sources of fresh, living water, symbolizing life and renewal. In biblical times, wells were often associated with significant events and encounters, such as Jacob meeting Rachel at a well (Genesis 29:1-12). This phrase suggests that just as one would seek fresh water from their own well, so should one find satisfaction and joy within their own marriage. The imagery of water also connects to the spiritual life, as seen in John 4:14, where Jesus speaks of the living water He provides, symbolizing eternal life and spiritual fulfillment.

Why should your springs flow in the streets
This phrase uses the metaphor of "springs" to represent the intimate and private aspects of one's life, particularly in the context of marital fidelity. In ancient Israel, water was a precious resource, and springs were often privately owned and carefully guarded. The rhetorical question suggests the absurdity and danger of allowing something valuable and personal to be exposed and wasted in public. This imagery underscores the importance of keeping one's affections and relationships within the boundaries of marriage, aligning with the broader biblical theme of faithfulness. The idea of springs flowing in the streets can also be seen as a warning against the consequences of infidelity, which can lead to public shame and personal ruin.

your streams of water in the public squares?
Continuing the metaphor, "streams of water" further emphasizes the preciousness and purity of marital love and fidelity. In the cultural and historical context of the Bible, public squares were places of commerce and social interaction, not suitable for something as private as one's intimate life. This imagery warns against the dangers of exposing one's personal life to public scrutiny and the moral decay that can result from such exposure. The phrase can be connected to other scriptures that emphasize purity and discretion, such as Matthew 7:6, which advises against giving what is sacred to those who will not appreciate it. The passage as a whole serves as a call to protect and cherish the sanctity of marriage, reflecting the biblical view of marriage as a covenant that mirrors the relationship between Christ and the Church.

Let them be yours alone
This phrase emphasizes the importance of exclusivity in relationships, particularly within the context of marriage. In biblical times, marriage was a covenantal relationship, reflecting God's covenant with His people. The exclusivity here can be seen as a reflection of God's desire for a devoted relationship with His followers. The idea of "yours alone" underscores the sanctity and intimacy intended in marriage, aligning with the biblical principle of two becoming one flesh (Genesis 2:24). This exclusivity is a safeguard against the moral and spiritual dangers of infidelity, which is a recurring theme in Proverbs.

never to be shared with strangers
The term "strangers" in this context refers to those outside the covenant relationship of marriage. In ancient Israel, the community was tightly knit, and the concept of a "stranger" often implied someone outside the faith community or covenant. Sharing intimate aspects of one's life with strangers could lead to spiritual and moral compromise. This phrase warns against the dilution of the marital bond and the potential consequences of infidelity, which can lead to personal and communal discord. The warning against sharing with strangers also echoes the broader biblical theme of remaining separate from pagan practices and influences, as seen in passages like 2 Corinthians 6:14-18, which calls believers to be distinct from the world.

May your fountain be blessed
This phrase uses the metaphor of a "fountain" to symbolize the source of life and vitality, often interpreted as one's family or offspring. In biblical times, a fountain was a vital source of water, essential for survival and prosperity, symbolizing abundance and blessing. The blessing of a fountain implies a divine favor upon one's family life and lineage. This imagery is consistent with other biblical references to water as a symbol of life and blessing, such as in Psalm 1:3, where a righteous person is likened to a tree planted by streams of water. The idea of blessing here also connects to the Abrahamic covenant, where God promises to bless Abraham's descendants (Genesis 12:2-3).

and may you rejoice in the wife of your youth:
This phrase emphasizes the importance of marital fidelity and joy within the covenant of marriage. The reference to "the wife of your youth" suggests a lifelong commitment, encouraging the husband to find joy and satisfaction in the spouse of his early years. This reflects the biblical ideal of marriage as a permanent and exclusive union, as seen in Genesis 2:24, where a man is to leave his parents and be united to his wife. The call to "rejoice" in one's spouse aligns with the broader biblical theme of joy as a fruit of a godly life (Galatians 5:22). Culturally, this underscores the value placed on marriage in ancient Israelite society, where family was central to social and religious life. The joy found in a faithful marriage can also be seen as a type of the relationship between Christ and the Church, as described in Ephesians 5:25-33, where the love and commitment between husband and wife reflect Christ's love for His people.

A loving doe, a graceful fawn—
In ancient Near Eastern culture, the imagery of a doe or fawn symbolizes beauty, gentleness, and grace. These animals were often associated with love and affection due to their delicate nature. The use of such imagery in this context highlights the ideal of marital love being tender and cherished. The Song of Solomon also uses similar imagery to describe romantic love (Song of Solomon 2:9, 2:17), emphasizing the beauty and desirability of the beloved. This phrase encourages the appreciation of one's spouse, reflecting the biblical principle of valuing and honoring one's partner.

may her breasts satisfy you always;
This phrase underscores the importance of physical intimacy within marriage. In the biblical context, sexual relations are seen as a gift from God, meant to be enjoyed within the covenant of marriage. The satisfaction mentioned here is not merely physical but also emotional and spiritual, fostering a deep bond between husband and wife. This aligns with the teaching in 1 Corinthians 7:3-5, where Paul advises married couples to fulfill each other's needs, highlighting mutual satisfaction and commitment.

may you be captivated by her love forever.
The concept of being captivated by love suggests a deep, ongoing attraction and commitment. This is not a fleeting infatuation but a lifelong dedication to one's spouse. The use of the word "forever" indicates the enduring nature of marital love, which is meant to reflect God's everlasting love for His people. Ephesians 5:25-33 draws a parallel between the love of a husband for his wife and Christ's love for the church, emphasizing sacrificial and unwavering devotion. This phrase encourages couples to continually nurture their relationship, ensuring that love remains vibrant and strong throughout their lives.

Why be captivated, my son, by an adulteress
This phrase addresses the allure and danger of being seduced by an adulteress. In biblical times, adultery was a serious offense, often punishable by death (Leviticus 20:10). The term "captivated" suggests being ensnared or entrapped, indicating the powerful and destructive nature of such temptation. The use of "my son" reflects the fatherly advice given throughout Proverbs, emphasizing wisdom and moral integrity. This warning is consistent with the broader biblical theme of fidelity, as seen in the commandment against adultery (Exodus 20:14) and the call to purity in relationships (1 Thessalonians 4:3-5).

or embrace the bosom of a stranger?
The "bosom" symbolizes intimacy and affection, which should be reserved for one's spouse. The "stranger" here refers to someone outside the covenant of marriage, highlighting the danger of forming illicit relationships. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, marriage was a sacred covenant, and embracing a stranger would violate this bond. This phrase echoes the wisdom found in Proverbs 6:27-29, which warns of the consequences of adultery. The imagery of embracing a stranger also serves as a metaphor for spiritual unfaithfulness, drawing parallels to Israel's idolatry and the call to remain faithful to God (Hosea 2:2-5).

For a man’s ways are before the eyes of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the omniscience of God, a theme prevalent throughout the Bible. The idea that God sees all human actions is echoed in passages like Psalm 139:1-4, where David acknowledges that God knows every movement and thought. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this understanding of a deity's omnipresence was unique to the Israelites, contrasting with the localized gods of surrounding cultures. The phrase also serves as a moral reminder that nothing is hidden from God, encouraging believers to live righteously. This aligns with the wisdom literature's focus on living a life that honors God, as seen in Ecclesiastes 12:14, which states that God will bring every deed into judgment.

and the LORD examines all his paths
The term "examines" suggests a thorough and discerning observation, indicating that God not only sees but also evaluates human actions. This reflects the biblical theme of divine judgment, where God assesses the moral quality of human behavior. The concept of "paths" symbolizes the choices and directions one takes in life, a common metaphor in Proverbs. This examination is not merely punitive but also protective, as seen in Psalm 23:3, where God leads in paths of righteousness. Theologically, this underscores God's role as both judge and shepherd, guiding and correcting His people. The phrase also foreshadows the New Testament teaching of Christ as the way (John 14:6), where Jesus embodies the path to righteousness and eternal life.

The iniquities of a wicked man entrap him;
This phrase highlights the self-destructive nature of sin. In biblical context, "iniquities" refer to moral perversity or sinfulness. The imagery of being "entrapped" suggests a snare or trap, a common metaphor in Scripture for the consequences of sin (Psalm 9:15-16). The idea is that sin is not just an external act but a condition that leads to one's downfall. Historically, traps were used for hunting, and this metaphor would resonate with an ancient audience familiar with the dangers of being caught unawares. Theologically, this reflects the principle of sowing and reaping found in Galatians 6:7-8, where one's actions inevitably lead to consequences.

the cords of his sin entangle him.
The "cords" symbolize the binding and restrictive nature of sin. In ancient times, cords or ropes were used to bind prisoners, indicating a loss of freedom. This imagery suggests that sin, while initially appearing to offer freedom or pleasure, ultimately leads to bondage. The concept of being "entangled" is echoed in Hebrews 12:1, which warns believers to lay aside every weight and the sin that so easily ensnares. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical narrative of liberation from sin through Christ, who offers freedom from the bondage of sin (John 8:34-36). The entanglement of sin is a reminder of the need for divine intervention and redemption, pointing to the ultimate deliverance found in Jesus.

He dies for lack of discipline
The concept of discipline in the biblical context often refers to moral and spiritual self-control. In the wisdom literature, such as Proverbs, discipline is closely tied to the fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 1:7). The lack of discipline can lead to spiritual and physical demise, as seen in the lives of biblical figures like Samson, whose lack of self-control led to his downfall (Judges 16). The Hebrew word for "discipline" can also imply correction or instruction, suggesting that ignoring divine guidance results in dire consequences. This phrase warns of the ultimate consequence of neglecting wisdom and instruction, which is death, both spiritually and sometimes physically.

led astray by his own great folly
Folly in the biblical sense is not merely foolishness but a moral failing, a rejection of wisdom and understanding. The phrase "led astray" indicates a deviation from the path of righteousness, often due to one's own decisions and desires. This aligns with the broader biblical theme that sin originates from within, as James 1:14-15 explains that each person is tempted when they are dragged away by their own evil desire. The "great folly" here can be seen as a life lived in opposition to God's commandments, leading to ruin. This is a recurring theme in Proverbs, where wisdom is personified and calls out to those who are simple to turn from their ways (Proverbs 1:20-33). The phrase serves as a cautionary reminder of the consequences of ignoring divine wisdom and choosing one's own path over God's.