Topical Bible: Rocks: Etam

◄ Rocks: Etam ►

Topical Encyclopedia

Etam is a location mentioned in the Bible, notable for its association with the tribe of Judah and its strategic significance. The name "Etam" is derived from the Hebrew word meaning "lair of wild beasts" or "place of birds of prey," suggesting a rugged and rocky terrain.

Biblical References:

1. Judges 15:8, 11 · Etam is prominently mentioned in the narrative of Samson, one of the judges of Israel. After Samson struck down the Philistines, he retreated to a place called the "rock of Etam." The Berean Standard Bible states: "He went down and stayed in the cave at the rock of Etam." This location served as a temporary refuge for Samson, highlighting its natural fortifications and seclusion.

2. 1 Chronicles 4:3 · Etam is also listed in the genealogies of the tribe of Judah. The passage mentions the descendants of Judah, including those associated with Etam: "These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was named Hazzelelponi." This reference indicates that Etam was not only a geographical location but also a familial or clan designation within the tribe of Judah.

3. 2 Chronicles 11:6 · During the reign of Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, Etam is mentioned as one of the fortified cities of Judah. The BSB records: "He built up Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa..." This suggests that Etam held military importance and was part of a defensive network established to protect the kingdom of Judah from external threats.

Historical and Geographical Context:

Etam's exact location is not definitively known, but it is traditionally identified with a site near Bethlehem, in the hill country of Judah. The rocky terrain of the region would have provided natural defenses, making it an ideal location for refuge and fortification. The association with Samson and Rehoboam underscores its strategic importance throughout different periods of Israelite history.

Theological Significance:

Etam's mention in the context of Samson's exploits highlights themes of divine deliverance and the use of natural landscapes as instruments of God's protection. Samson's retreat to the rock of Etam can be seen as a moment of seeking refuge in God's creation, relying on the natural fortifications provided by the land.

In the genealogical and historical records, Etam's inclusion among the fortified cities of Judah reflects the broader biblical theme of God's provision for His people through strategic planning and defense. The fortification of Etam under Rehoboam illustrates the importance of wisdom and foresight in leadership, as well as the need for physical and spiritual security.

Overall, Etam serves as a testament to the interplay between divine providence and human agency, where natural landscapes and strategic planning work together to fulfill God's purposes for His people.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Judges 15:8
And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter: and he went down and dwelled in the top of the rock Etam.
Torrey's Topical Textbook