2 Samuel 23:33
New International Version
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

New Living Translation
son of Shagee from Harar; Ahiam son of Sharar from Harar;

English Standard Version
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

Berean Standard Bible
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

King James Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

New King James Version
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

New American Standard Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

NASB 1995
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

NASB 1977
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

Legacy Standard Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

Amplified Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

Christian Standard Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

American Standard Version
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

English Revised Version
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Jonathan ( [son of] Shammah the Hararite), Ahiam (son of Sharar the Hararite),

International Standard Version
Shammah's son from Harar, Sharar the Hararite's son Ahiam,

Majority Standard Bible
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

NET Bible
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

New Heart English Bible
Jonathan son of Shamma the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sakar the Hararite,

Webster's Bible Translation
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

World English Bible
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

Young's Literal Translation
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,

Smith's Literal Translation
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Semma of Orori, Aliam the son of Sarar the Arorite,

Catholic Public Domain Version
Shammah from Orori, Ahiam, the son of Sharar, the Hararite,

New American Bible
son of Shammah the Hararite; Ahiam, son of Sharar the Hararite;

New Revised Standard Version
son of Shammah the Hararite; Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Shammah of the mount of Olives, Ahiam the son of Ashdad of Edri,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Shemma, which was from Tur Zaythey, Akhim, son of Ashir who was from Adri
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Samnan the Arodite; Amnan the son of Arai the Saraurite.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
David's Mighty Men
32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan 33son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite, 34Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 11:35
Ahiam son of Sachar the Hararite, Eliphal son of Ur,

1 Chronicles 11:10-47
Now these were the chiefs of David’s mighty men, who, together with all Israel, bolstered and strengthened his kingdom, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel. / This is the list of David’s mighty men: Jashobeam son of Hachmoni was chief of the officers; he wielded his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed at one time. / Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men. ...

1 Chronicles 27:1-15
This is the list of the Israelites—the heads of families, the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, and their officers who served the king in every matter concerning the divisions on rotating military duty each month throughout the year. There were 24,000 men in each division: / Jashobeam son of Zabdiel was in charge of the first division, which was assigned the first month. There were 24,000 men in his division. / He was a descendant of Perez and chief of all the army commanders for the first month. ...

1 Samuel 22:1-2
So David left Gath and took refuge in the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. / And all who were distressed or indebted or discontented rallied around him, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him.

1 Samuel 23:13
Then David and his men, about six hundred strong, set out and departed from Keilah, moving from place to place. When Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah, he declined to go forth.

1 Samuel 25:13
And David said to his men, “Strap on your swords!” So David and all his men strapped on their swords, and about four hundred men followed David, while two hundred stayed with the supplies.

1 Samuel 30:9-10
So David and his six hundred men went to the Brook of Besor, where some stayed behind / because two hundred men were too exhausted to cross the brook. But David and four hundred men continued in pursuit.

1 Samuel 30:21-24
When David came to the two hundred men who had been too exhausted to follow him and who were left behind at the Brook of Besor, they came out to meet him and the troops with him. As David approached the men, he greeted them, / but all the wicked and worthless men among those who had gone with David said, “Because they did not go with us, we will not share with them the plunder we recovered, except for each man’s wife and children. They may take them and go.” / But David said, “My brothers, you must not do this with what the LORD has given us. He has protected us and delivered into our hands the raiders who came against us. ...

2 Samuel 2:18
The three sons of Zeruiah were there: Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. Now Asahel was fleet of foot like a wild gazelle,

2 Samuel 8:16-18
Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; / Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe; / Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priestly leaders.

2 Samuel 10:7
On hearing this, David sent Joab and the entire army of mighty men.

2 Samuel 21:15-22
Once again the Philistines waged war against Israel, and David and his servants went down and fought against the Philistines. But David became exhausted. / Then Ishbi-benob, a descendant of Rapha, whose bronze spear weighed three hundred shekels and who was bearing a new sword, resolved to kill David. / But Abishai son of Zeruiah came to his aid, struck the Philistine, and killed him. Then David’s men swore to him, “You must never again go out with us to battle, so that the lamp of Israel may not be extinguished.” ...

2 Samuel 22:1-51
And David sang this song to the LORD on the day the LORD had delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. / He said: “The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. / My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation. My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior, You save me from violence. ...

2 Samuel 24:1-9
Again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He stirred up David against them, saying, “Go and take a census of Israel and Judah.” / So the king said to Joab the commander of his army, who was with him, “Go now throughout the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba and register the troops, so that I may know their number.” / But Joab replied to the king, “May the LORD your God multiply the troops a hundred times over, and may the eyes of my lord the king see it. But why does my lord the king want to do such a thing?” ...

1 Kings 1:8
But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and David’s mighty men would not join Adonijah.


Treasury of Scripture

Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

Shammah

1 Chronicles 11:27
Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,

Sharar

1 Chronicles 11:35
Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,

Sacar

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2 Samuel 23
1. David, in his last words, professes his faith in God's promises
6. The different state of the wicked
8. A catalogue of David's mighty men














son of Shammah the Hararite
The phrase "son of Shammah the Hararite" introduces us to a lineage that is significant in the context of David's mighty warriors. The term "Hararite" likely refers to a geographical location or a clan, possibly linked to the mountainous regions of Judah. The Hebrew root for "Hararite" suggests a connection to "mountain" or "hill country," indicating that these warriors hailed from a rugged, resilient background. This lineage emphasizes the diverse origins of David's mighty men, who were united not by their birthplaces but by their loyalty and valor in service to God's anointed king.

Ahiam
The name "Ahiam" in Hebrew means "brother of the people" or "my brother is a kinsman." This name reflects a sense of community and kinship, which is a recurring theme in the narratives of David's reign. Ahiam's inclusion among the mighty warriors underscores the importance of brotherhood and unity in achieving great feats. In a spiritual sense, it reminds believers of the value of fellowship and the strength found in the body of Christ, where each member supports and uplifts the other.

son of Sharar the Hararite
The repetition of "the Hararite" in this phrase reinforces the identity and heritage of these warriors. "Sharar" is a name that can be translated to mean "enemy" or "foe," which might seem paradoxical for a mighty warrior. However, this could symbolize the transformation of one's identity through divine purpose. In the biblical narrative, God often uses those who might be considered unlikely or even adversarial to fulfill His plans. This transformation is a testament to God's sovereignty and the redemptive power of His calling.

(33) Shammah the Hararite.--"Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite" has already been mentioned in 2Samuel 23:11, and here Chronicles reads "Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite." As Shage is identical with Agee with a letter prefixed, we should probably read "Jonathan the son of Shammah the Hararite." Jonathan, one of "the thirty," was thus the son of one of "the first three."

Sharar is in Chronicles Sacar, and Hararite is spelt in the Hebrew here differently from the previous clause and from Chronicles.

Verse 33. - Shammah the Hararite. He was really one of the first three (see ver. 11). (For the reading in Chronicles, see above.) A very probable correction would be "Jonathan the son of Shammah, the son of Agee the Hararite." Thus both father and son would be in the number of the thirty, Ahiam. He is called "the son of Sacar" in 1 Chronicles 11:35.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
son of Shammah
שַׁמָּה֙ (šam·māh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8048: Shammah -- an Edomite, also several Israelites

the Hararite,
הַֽהֲרָרִ֔י (ha·hă·rā·rî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2043: Hararite -- 'mountain dweller', descriptive of two of David's heroes

Ahiam
אֲחִיאָ֥ם (’ă·ḥî·’ām)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 279: Ahiam -- 'brother of mother', one of David's men

son
בֶּן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Sharar
שָׁרָ֖ר (šā·rār)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8325: Sharar -- father of one of David's heroes

the Hararite,
הָארָרִֽי׃ (hā·rā·rî)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2043: Hararite -- 'mountain dweller', descriptive of two of David's heroes


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OT History: 2 Samuel 23:33 Shammah the Hararite Ahiam the son (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)
2 Samuel 23:32
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