Psalm 122:6
Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: 'May those who love you prosper.'

John 19:37
And, as another Scripture says: 'They will look on the One they have pierced.'

Romans 11:26-27
And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: 'The Deliverer will come from Zion, He will remove godlessness from Jacob.'The Burden of the Word of the LORD
Zechariah 12:1 begins with This is the burden of the word of the LORD concerning Israel. This indicates the weight and seriousness of the prophecy that follows, emphasizing God's direct communication and His plans for Israel.

Jerusalem as a Cup of Reeling
In verses 2-3, God declares that He will make Jerusalem a cup that causes reeling and a heavy stone for all the peoples. This imagery signifies that Jerusalem will become a focal point of conflict and a source of divine judgment for those who oppose it.

Divine Protection and Empowerment
Verses 4-9 describe God's protection over Judah and Jerusalem. God promises to strike the enemies with confusion and blindness while empowering the leaders of Judah to defend their land. This highlights God's faithfulness in preserving His people.

The Spirit of Grace and Supplication
In verse 10, God promises to pour out a spirit of grace and supplication on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. This outpouring will lead to a profound recognition of their Messiah, whom they have pierced, resulting in deep mourning and repentance.

National Mourning and Repentance
Verses 11-14 depict a time of national mourning, where every family and individual will grieve deeply. This signifies a collective turning back to God and acknowledgment of their need for His mercy and forgiveness.Trust in God's Sovereignty
Just as God has a plan for Jerusalem, He has a plan for our lives. We can trust in His sovereignty and His ability to fulfill His promises.

Pray for Jerusalem
As believers, we are called to pray for the peace of Jerusalem (Psalm 122:6). Let us intercede for God's purposes to be fulfilled in this city and for the salvation of its people.

Seek the Spirit of Grace
We should seek the Holy Spirit's work in our lives, leading us to repentance and a deeper understanding of Jesus as our Savior.

Embrace Repentance
Like the people of Jerusalem, we are called to recognize our sins and turn to God in genuine repentance, trusting in His grace and forgiveness.1. The LORD (Yahweh)
The chapter begins with a declaration from the LORD, who is the central figure throughout the prophecy. He is described as the one who "stretches out the heavens, lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him" (Zechariah 12:1). This emphasizes His sovereignty and creative power.

2. The House of David
This refers to the royal lineage of King David. In Zechariah 12:7-10, the house of David is mentioned as receiving divine protection and strength. The prophecy speaks of a future time when the house of David will look upon the one they have pierced and mourn.

3. The Inhabitants of Jerusalem
These are the people living in Jerusalem, who are promised divine protection and strength in the face of their enemies. Zechariah 12:5-10 highlights their role in the prophecy, as they will be empowered by the LORD to defend the city.

4. The Clans of Judah
The clans or families of Judah are mentioned in Zechariah 12:5-7. They are depicted as being strengthened by the LORD to defend against their adversaries, and they play a crucial role in the deliverance of Jerusalem.

5. The Nations
These are the opposing forces that come against Jerusalem. Zechariah 12:2-3 describes how the LORD will make Jerusalem a "cup of reeling" and a "heavy stone" for all the nations, indicating that they will be confounded and burdened by their attempts to attack the city.

6. The One They Have Pierced
This is a prophetic reference found in Zechariah 12:10, which Christians traditionally interpret as a messianic prophecy pointing to Jesus Christ. The passage speaks of a future mourning for the one who was pierced, which is seen as a foreshadowing of the crucifixion.1. Jerusalem
Jerusalem is central to the prophecy in Zechariah 12. It is described as a "cup of reeling" and a "heavy stone" for all the peoples around it (Zechariah 12:2-3). The Hebrew root for Jerusalem is "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim), which is often associated with peace and completeness. In this context, Jerusalem is portrayed as a focal point of conflict and divine intervention.

2. Judah
The land of Judah is mentioned in relation to the siege against Jerusalem (Zechariah 12:2). Judah, from the Hebrew "יְהוּדָה" (Yehudah), is one of the tribes of Israel and represents the southern kingdom. It plays a significant role in the prophetic events described, as the LORD promises to defend the inhabitants of Judah.1. The Burden of the Word of the LORD
Zechariah 12 begins with a declaration: "This is the burden of the word of the LORD concerning Israel." (Zechariah 12:1). The term "burden" (Hebrew: מַשָּׂא, ^massa^) often signifies a prophetic oracle or message of significant weight and importance.

2. Jerusalem as a Cup of Reeling
"Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of reeling for all the surrounding peoples." (Zechariah 12:2). The imagery of a "cup of reeling" (Hebrew: סַף רַעַל, ^saf ra'al^) suggests a state of confusion or intoxication affecting the nations around Jerusalem.

3. Jerusalem as an Immovable Rock
"On that day, when all the nations of the earth gather against her, I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples." (Zechariah 12:3). The phrase "heavy stone" (Hebrew: אֶבֶן מַעֲמָסָה, ^even ma'amasah^) indicates that attempts to move or harm Jerusalem will result in injury to those who try.

4. Divine Panic Among the Horses and Riders
"On that day," declares the LORD, "I will strike every horse with panic and its rider with madness." (Zechariah 12:4). The Hebrew words for "panic" (תִּמָּהוֹן, ^timahon^) and "madness" (שִׁגָּעוֹן, ^shigga'on^) emphasize a supernatural confusion and disarray among the enemies.

5. The LORD's Protection Over Judah
"Then the leaders of Judah will say in their hearts, 'The people of Jerusalem are my strength through the LORD of Hosts, their God.'" (Zechariah 12:5). This reflects a recognition of divine support and strength provided by God to the people of Jerusalem.

6. The LORD's Empowerment of Judah
"On that day I will make the leaders of Judah like a firepot in a woodpile, like a flaming torch among sheaves." (Zechariah 12:6). The imagery of fire (Hebrew: אֵשׁ, ^esh^) signifies the consuming power and victory granted to Judah over its enemies.

7. The LORD's Defense of Jerusalem
"The LORD will save the tents of Judah first, so that the glory of the house of David and of the people of Jerusalem may not be greater than that of Judah." (Zechariah 12:7). This indicates God's equitable protection and salvation for all of Judah, including Jerusalem.

8. The LORD's Strengthening of Jerusalem's Inhabitants
"On that day the LORD will defend the people of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like David, and the house of David will be like God, like the Angel of the LORD going before them." (Zechariah 12:8). This highlights the transformation and empowerment of the people, equating their strength to that of David and divine beings.

9. The LORD's Destruction of the Nations
"On that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem." (Zechariah 12:9). This event underscores God's decisive intervention and judgment against the hostile nations.

10. The Outpouring of Grace and Supplication
"Then I will pour out on the house of David and on the people of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication." (Zechariah 12:10). The Hebrew word for "spirit" (רוּחַ, ^ruach^) indicates a divine influence leading to repentance and prayer.

11. Mourning for the Pierced One
"They will look on Me, the One they have pierced, and they will mourn for Him as one mourns for an only child." (Zechariah 12:10). This prophecy is often interpreted as a reference to the Messiah, with the mourning reflecting deep repentance and recognition of the pierced one.1. The Burden of the Word of the LORD
Zechariah 12 begins with a prophetic declaration, "This is the burden of the word of the LORD concerning Israel." The term "burden" (Hebrew: מַשָּׂא, ^massa^) often signifies a weighty message or prophecy, indicating the seriousness of the forthcoming revelation.

2. The LORD as Creator and Sustainer
The passage emphasizes God's sovereignty: "the LORD, who stretches out the heavens, lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him." This highlights God's role as Creator and Sustainer, affirming His authority over all creation.

3. Jerusalem as a Cup of Reeling
Verse 2 describes Jerusalem as "a cup that causes reeling to all the surrounding peoples." The imagery of a "cup" (Hebrew: סַף, ^saf^) often symbolizes judgment or wrath, suggesting that the nations will be disoriented and affected by their actions against Jerusalem.

4. Jerusalem as an Immovable Rock
In verse 3, Jerusalem is depicted as "an immovable rock for all the peoples." The Hebrew word for "rock" (אֶבֶן, ^even^) conveys stability and strength, indicating that attempts to move or harm Jerusalem will be futile and burdensome.

5. Divine Protection and Victory
Verses 4-9 describe God's intervention on behalf of Judah and Jerusalem. The LORD declares, "I will strike every horse with panic and its rider with madness." This divine protection ensures victory over the nations that come against Jerusalem.

6. The House of David and the Inhabitants of Jerusalem
Verse 7 highlights the LORD's intention to "save the dwellings of Judah first," ensuring that the glory of the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem is not greater than that of Judah. This reflects God's equitable salvation plan for His people.

7. The Spirit of Grace and Supplication
In verse 10, God promises to "pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication." The Hebrew word for "grace" (חֵן, ^chen^) signifies favor, while "supplication" (תַּחֲנוּנִים, ^tachanunim^) implies earnest prayer, indicating a divine enablement for repentance and seeking God.

8. Mourning for the Pierced One
The prophecy continues with a poignant image: "They will look on Me, the One they have pierced, and they will mourn for Him as one mourns for an only child." This verse is often interpreted as a messianic prophecy, with the "pierced" (דָּקַר, ^daqar^) one being a reference to Christ, evoking deep national repentance.

9. National Mourning and Repentance
Verses 11-14 describe a profound period of mourning throughout the land, with each family mourning separately. This indicates a widespread and personal acknowledgment of sin and a turning back to God, emphasizing the depth of national repentance.1. Divine Protection of Jerusalem
Zechariah 12:2-3 speaks of God making Jerusalem "a cup of drunkenness" and "a heavy stone" for the nations. The Hebrew word for "cup" (סַף, "saf") implies a vessel of judgment, indicating God's protective and judicial role over Jerusalem.

2. The Siege of Jerusalem
In Zechariah 12:2, the prophecy describes a future siege against Jerusalem. The Hebrew term for "siege" (מָצוֹר, "matsor") suggests a military encirclement, highlighting the city's vulnerability and the impending divine intervention.

3. Divine Empowerment of Judah
Zechariah 12:5-6 describes the leaders of Judah as being empowered by God, becoming like "a firepot in a woodpile." The imagery of fire (אֵשׁ, "esh") signifies purification and strength, indicating divine empowerment for victory.

4. The Mourning for the Pierced One
Zechariah 12:10 speaks of a future mourning for "the one they have pierced." The Hebrew word for "pierced" (דָּקַר, "daqar") is significant in Christian theology, often interpreted as a prophecy of Christ's crucifixion, leading to repentance and mourning.

5. Outpouring of the Spirit of Grace and Supplication
In Zechariah 12:10, God promises to pour out "a spirit of grace and supplication" on the house of David. The Hebrew word for "grace" (חֵן, "chen") emphasizes unmerited favor, indicating a divine initiative for repentance and renewal.

6. Unity and Repentance of Israel
Zechariah 12:11-14 describes a national mourning, with each family mourning separately. This theme of unity in repentance underscores the collective acknowledgment of sin and the need for divine forgiveness.1. How does Zechariah 12:1—about God stretching out the heavens and forming the human spirit—align with modern cosmology and scientific views of consciousness?

2. If Zechariah 12:2–3 predicts Jerusalem as an immovable stone, how can this be reconciled with the city’s repeated conquests throughout history?

3. How does Zechariah 12:7, which promises the Lord will save the tents of Judah first, align with historical records showing Judah’s multiple defeats and exiles?

4. If Zechariah 12:10 refers to mourning over “the one they have pierced,” why is there no clear historical or archaeological evidence of a specific individual who fits this description?

5. How do the mourning rites described in Zechariah 12:10–14 compare to other Old Testament passages, and why do some scholars see inconsistencies in the depiction of national lamentation?

1. How does the portrayal of God in Zechariah 12 deepen your understanding of His character?

2. How can the divine protection promised to Jerusalem in verses 1-3 be related to God's protection in your life?

3. How do verses 4-6 demonstrate God's sovereignty? How can you recognize God's sovereignty in today's world?

4. In what ways do the promises of deliverance in verses 7-9 inspire confidence in God's protection?

5. In verse 10, what do you think it means to "look on the One they have pierced"? How does this connect with New Testament passages?

6. Reflect on the profound mourning described in verses 10-14. How does this compare with your understanding of repentance and mourning over sin?

7. How do you think the prophecy of Zechariah 12 has relevance for contemporary Christians and the church?

8. What steps can you take to ensure that you lean on God's protection as described in Zechariah 12?

9. How can you apply the spirit of grace and supplication poured out in Zechariah 12 in your personal prayer life?

10. How can the realization of mourning for the One Pierced change the way we view our actions and decisions?

11. If Jerusalem represents God's people, how can we relate the experiences of Jerusalem to the challenges facing the church today?

12. How does God's promised cleansing from sin and impurity in verse 10 give hope to individuals struggling with sin today?

13. In what ways can the prophecy in Zechariah 12 deepen our understanding of the passion of Christ?

14. How does the balance of God's judgment and His grace portrayed in Zechariah 12 influence your understanding of His nature?

15. How can we, as modern believers, prepare ourselves to face challenges similar to those faced by Jerusalem?

16. How does the mourning and repentance mentioned in this chapter reflect on the importance of acknowledging our sins today?

17. Can the divine assurance given to Jerusalem be considered a promise for individual believers today? Why or why not?

18. What insights can we glean from Zechariah 12 regarding the interconnectedness of Old and New Testament teachings?

19. How can this chapter's prophecy impact our interpretation of current global events, particularly those involving Jerusalem?

20. How does the collective mourning described in Zechariah 12 guide us in our collective responsibility as a community or a church?