Esther 1:7
New International Version
Wine was served in goblets of gold, each one different from the other, and the royal wine was abundant, in keeping with the king’s liberality.

New Living Translation
Drinks were served in gold goblets of many designs, and there was an abundance of royal wine, reflecting the king’s generosity.

English Standard Version
Drinks were served in golden vessels, vessels of different kinds, and the royal wine was lavished according to the bounty of the king.

Berean Standard Bible
Beverages were served in an array of goblets of gold, each with a different design, and the royal wine flowed freely, according to the king’s bounty.

King James Bible
And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the state of the king.

New King James Version
And they served drinks in golden vessels, each vessel being different from the other, with royal wine in abundance, according to the generosity of the king.

New American Standard Bible
Drinks were served in golden vessels of various kinds, and the royal wine was plentiful in proportion to the king’s bounty.

NASB 1995
Drinks were served in golden vessels of various kinds, and the royal wine was plentiful according to the king’s bounty.

NASB 1977
Drinks were served in golden vessels of various kinds, and the royal wine was plentiful according to the king’s bounty.

Legacy Standard Bible
And drinks were served in golden vessels of various kinds, and the royal wine was plentiful according to the king’s hand.

Amplified Bible
Drinks were served in various kinds of golden goblets, and the royal wine was plentiful, in accordance with the generosity of the king.

Christian Standard Bible
Drinks were served in an array of gold goblets, each with a different design. Royal wine flowed freely, according to the king’s bounty.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Beverages were served in an array of gold goblets, each with a different design. Royal wine flowed freely, according to the king’s bounty

American Standard Version
And they gave them drink in vessels of gold (the vessels being diverse one from another), and royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king.

Contemporary English Version
The guests drank from gold cups, and each cup had a different design. The king was generous

English Revised Version
And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
People drank from golden cups. No two cups were alike. The king also provided plenty of royal wine out of his royal generosity.

Good News Translation
Drinks were served in gold cups, no two of them alike, and the king was generous with the royal wine.

International Standard Version
Drinks were served in gold vessels of various kinds, and there was plenty of royal wine because the king was generous.

Majority Standard Bible
Beverages were served in an array of goblets of gold, each with a different design, and the royal wine flowed freely, according to the king?s bounty.

NET Bible
Drinks were served in golden containers, all of which differed from one another. Royal wine was available in abundance at the king's expense.

New Heart English Bible
They gave them drinks in golden vessels of various kinds, including royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king.

Webster's Bible Translation
And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the state of the king.

World English Bible
They gave them drinks in golden vessels of various kinds, including royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and the giving of drink in vessels of gold, and the vessels [are] various vessels, and the royal wine [is] abundant, as a memorial of the king.

Young's Literal Translation
and the giving of drink in vessels of gold, and the vessels are divers vessels, and the royal wine is abundant, as a memorial of the king.

Smith's Literal Translation
And giving drink in vessels of gold and vessels different from vessels, and wine of the kingdom, an abundance, according to the hand of the king.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Moreover, those who had been invited drank from golden cups, and dishes of foods were brought in one after another. Likewise, choice wine was presented in abundance, as was worthy of royal magnificence.

New American Bible
Drinks were served in a variety of golden cups, and the royal wine flowed freely, as befitted the king’s liberality.

New Revised Standard Version
Drinks were served in golden goblets, goblets of different kinds, and the royal wine was lavished according to the bounty of the king.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And they gave the guests drink in vessels of gold (the vessels being different one from another), and royal wine was in abundance, according to the generosity of the king.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And they were giving drinks in vessels of gold, and the vessels were selected from vessels, and the wine of the kingdom was abundant according to the hand of the King.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And they gave them drink in vessels of gold--the vessels being diverse one from another--and royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
gold and silver cups, and a small cup of carbuncle set out of the value of thirty thousand talents, abundant and sweet wine, which the king himself drank.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Xerxes' Royal Feast
6Hangings of white and blue linen were fastened with cords of fine white and purple material to silver rings on the marble pillars. Gold and silver couches were arranged on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and other costly stones. 7Beverages were served in an array of goblets of gold, each with a different design, and the royal wine flowed freely, according to the king’s bounty. 8By order of the king, no limit was placed on the drinking, and every official of his household was to serve each man whatever he desired.…

Cross References
Daniel 5:1-4
Later, King Belshazzar held a great feast for a thousand of his nobles, and he drank wine with them. / Under the influence of the wine, Belshazzar gave orders to bring in the gold and silver vessels that Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken from the temple in Jerusalem, so that the king could drink from them, along with his nobles, his wives, and his concubines. / Thus they brought in the gold vessels that had been taken from the temple, the house of God in Jerusalem, and the king drank from them, along with his nobles, his wives, and his concubines. ...

1 Kings 10:21
All King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon.

Revelation 18:3
All the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her immorality. The kings of the earth were immoral with her, and the merchants of the earth have grown wealthy from the extravagance of her luxury.”

Proverbs 31:4-5
It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink, / lest they drink and forget what is decreed, depriving all the oppressed of justice.

Isaiah 5:11-12
Woe to those who rise early in the morning in pursuit of strong drink, who linger into the evening, to be inflamed by wine. / At their feasts are the lyre and harp, tambourines and flutes and wine. They disregard the actions of the LORD and fail to see the work of His hands.

Jeremiah 51:7
Babylon was a gold cup in the hand of the LORD, making the whole earth drunk. The nations drank her wine; therefore the nations have gone mad.

1 Corinthians 10:21
You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too; you cannot partake in the table of the Lord and the table of demons too.

Psalm 104:15
wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil that makes his face to shine, and bread that sustains his heart.

Ecclesiastes 10:19
A feast is prepared for laughter, and wine makes life merry, but money is the answer for everything.

Luke 21:34
But watch yourselves, or your hearts will be weighed down by dissipation, drunkenness, and the worries of life—and that day will spring upon you suddenly like a snare.

Isaiah 22:13
But look, there is joy and gladness, butchering of cattle and slaughtering of sheep, eating of meat and drinking of wine: “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”

Amos 6:6
You drink wine by the bowlful and anoint yourselves with the finest oils, but you fail to grieve over the ruin of Joseph.

Matthew 24:49
And he begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with drunkards.

1 Peter 4:3
For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry.

Genesis 40:11
Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand, and I took the grapes, squeezed them into his cup, and placed the cup in his hand.”


Treasury of Scripture

And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the state of the king.

vessels of gold.

1 Kings 10:21
And all king Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold; none were of silver: it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon.

2 Chronicles 9:20
And all the drinking vessels of king Solomon were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold: none were of silver; it was not any thing accounted of in the days of Solomon.

Daniel 5:2-4
Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein…

royal wine.

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Abundance Abundant Bounty Different Diverse Drink Drinks Freely Goblets Gold Golden Including Keeping Kinds Kingdom King's Lavished Plentiful Royal Served State Various Vessel Vessels Wine
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Abundance Abundant Bounty Different Diverse Drink Drinks Freely Goblets Gold Golden Including Keeping Kinds Kingdom King's Lavished Plentiful Royal Served State Various Vessel Vessels Wine
Esther 1
1. Xerxes makes royal feasts.
10. Vashti, sent for, refuses to come.
13. Xerxes, by the counsel of Memucan, puts away Vashti, and decrees men's sovereignty.














Beverages were served
This phrase indicates the hospitality and opulence of King Ahasuerus' feast. The Hebrew root for "served" (שָׁקָה, shaqah) implies a deliberate act of providing drink, suggesting the king's intention to display generosity and abundance. In the ancient Near Eastern context, serving beverages was a sign of wealth and hospitality, reflecting the king's desire to impress his guests and demonstrate his power.

in an array of gold goblets
The use of "gold goblets" signifies the extraordinary wealth and splendor of the Persian Empire. Gold, a symbol of purity and value, was often used in royal settings. Archaeological findings from the Persian period reveal that such goblets were intricately designed, showcasing the craftsmanship and luxury of the time. This detail emphasizes the grandeur of the king's court and the lavishness of the celebration.

each with a different design
This phrase highlights the uniqueness and individuality of each goblet, suggesting that no expense was spared in the king's display of wealth. The diversity in design reflects the creativity and artistic expression valued in Persian culture. It also underscores the king's ability to provide a personalized experience for each guest, further enhancing the sense of opulence and exclusivity.

and the royal wine flowed freely
The phrase "flowed freely" indicates abundance and generosity. In the Hebrew text, the word for "flowed" (רָבַה, ravah) conveys the idea of saturation or being filled to the brim. Wine, often associated with joy and celebration in the Bible, symbolizes the king's desire to ensure that his guests were fully satisfied and entertained. This abundance of wine also reflects the king's wealth and the prosperity of his reign.

according to the king’s bounty
The term "bounty" (יָד, yad) in Hebrew can also mean "hand," symbolizing power and provision. The king's bounty refers to his capacity to provide lavishly for his guests, demonstrating his authority and generosity. This phrase encapsulates the theme of abundance and the king's role as a provider, reinforcing the idea that the feast was a manifestation of his wealth and power. In a broader scriptural context, it serves as a reminder of the ultimate provision and generosity of God, who provides abundantly for His people.

(7) In vessels of gold.--This shows the immense treasures in the hand of the Persian king, when the whole population of Susa could be thus accommodated.

Royal wine.--Perhaps wine of Helbon (Ezekiel 27:18); the original seems to imply more than merely wine from the royal cellars: as the king was feasting his people, it could hardly have been otherwise.

State.--Literally, hand.

Verse 7. - They gave them drink in vessels of gold. Drinking-vessels of gold were found in considerable numbers in the Persian camp near Plataea (Herod., 9:80) when the Greeks took it. They had been the property of Persian nobles. The king would naturally possess in great abundance whatever luxury was affected by the upper class of his subjects. The vessels being diverse one from another. This is a minute point, which must have come from an eye-witness, or from one who had received the account of the banquet from an eye-witness. It was perhaps unusual. At least, in the grand banquet represented by Sargon on the walls of his palace at Khorsabad, it is observable that all the guests hold in their hands goblets which are exactly alike (see 'Ancient Monarchies,' vol. 2. p. 214). Royal wine. Literally, "wine of the kingdom" - wine, i.e., from the royal cellar, and therefore good wine, but not necessarily the "wine of Helbon, which was the only wine that the king himself drank (Athen., 'Deipnosoph,' 4. p. 145, A).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Beverages were served
וְהַשְׁקוֹת֙ (wə·haš·qō·wṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct
Strong's 8248: To quaff, to irrigate, furnish a, potion to

in an array of goblets
בִּכְלֵ֣י (biḵ·lê)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

of gold,
זָהָ֔ב (zā·hāḇ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2091: Gold, something gold-colored, as oil, a clear sky

each
וְכֵלִ֖ים (wə·ḵê·lîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

with a different design,
שׁוֹנִ֑ים (šō·w·nîm)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 8138: To fold, duplicate, to transmute

and the royal
מַלְכ֛וּת (mal·ḵūṯ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 4438: Royalty, royal power, reign, kingdom

wine
וְיֵ֥ין (wə·yên)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3196: Wine, intoxication

flowed freely,
רָ֖ב (rāḇ)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 7227: Much, many, great

according to the king’s
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (ham·me·leḵ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428: A king

bounty.
כְּיַ֥ד (kə·yaḏ)
Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 3027: A hand


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OT History: Esther 1:7 They gave them drinks in golden vessels (Est Esth. Es)
Esther 1:6
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