Exodus 23:28
New International Version
I will send the hornet ahead of you to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

New Living Translation
I will send terror ahead of you to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites.

English Standard Version
And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.

Berean Standard Bible
I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

King James Bible
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

New King James Version
And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you.

New American Standard Bible
And I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from you.

NASB 1995
“I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

NASB 1977
“And I will send hornets ahead of you, that they may drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

Legacy Standard Bible
And I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

Amplified Bible
I will send hornets ahead of you which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.

Christian Standard Bible
I will send hornets in front of you, and they will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hethites away from you.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I will send the hornet in front of you, and it will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites away from you.

American Standard Version
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I shall send bees before you and I shall destroy the Canaanites and the Khethites from before you.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I will send hornets before thee, and thou shalt cast out the Amorites and the Evites, and the Chananites and the Chettites from thee.

Contemporary English Version
I will make the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites panic as you approach.

Douay-Rheims Bible
Sending out hornets before, that shall drive away the Hevite, and the Chanaanite, and the Hethite, before thou come in.

English Revised Version
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I will spread panic ahead of you to force the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites out of your way.

Good News Translation
I will throw your enemies into panic; I will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites as you advance.

International Standard Version
I'll send hornets ahead of you and they'll drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

JPS Tanakh 1917
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

Literal Standard Version
And I have sent the hornet before you, and it has cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you;

Majority Standard Bible
I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

New American Bible
and ahead of you I will send hornets to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

NET Bible
I will send hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.

New Revised Standard Version
And I will send the pestilence in front of you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.

New Heart English Bible
I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hethite, from before you.

Webster's Bible Translation
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before thee.

World English Bible
I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.

Young's Literal Translation
'And I have sent the hornet before thee, and it hath cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Angel to Lead
27I will send My terror ahead of you and throw into confusion every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn and run. 28I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way. 29I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you.…

Cross References
Genesis 15:19
the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,

Exodus 33:2
And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

Exodus 34:11
Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

Deuteronomy 7:20
Moreover, the LORD your God will send the hornet against them until even the survivors hiding from you have perished.

Joshua 24:11
After this, you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. The people of Jericho fought against you, as did the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I delivered them into your hand.

Joshua 24:12
I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you, but not by your own sword or bow.

Psalm 80:9
You cleared the ground for it, and it took root and filled the land.


Treasury of Scripture

And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.

hornets.

Deuteronomy 7:20
Moreover the LORD thy God will send the hornet among them, until they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be destroyed.

Joshua 24:11
And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand.

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Exodus 23
1. Of slander, false witness, and partiality
4. Of charitableness
6. Of justice in judgment
8. Of taking bribes
9. Of oppressing a stranger
10. Of the year of rest
12. Of the Sabbath
13. Of idolatry
14. Of the three feasts
18. Of the blood and the fat of the sacrifice
20. An angel is promised, with a blessing, if they obey him














(28) I will send hornets.--Heb., the hornet. Comp. Joshua 24:12, where "the hornet" is said to have been sent. No doubt hornets might be so numerous as to become an intolerable plague, and induce a nation to quit its country and seek another (see Bochart, Hierozoic. iv. 13). But as we have no historical account of the kind in connection with the Canaanite races, the expression here used is scarcely to be taken literally. Probably the Egyptians are the hornets intended. It was they who, under Rameses III., broke the power of the Hittites and other nations of Palestine, while the Israelites were sojourners in the wilderness. Possibly the term was chosen in reference to the hieroglyphic sign for "king" in Egypt, which was the figure of a bee or wasp. The author of the Book of Wisdom seems, however, to have understood the expression literally (Wisdom Of Solomon 12:8-9).

Verse 28. - And I will send hornets before thee. This is scarcely to be taken literally, since no actual plague of hornets is mentioned in the historical narrative. "Hornets" here, and in Deuteronomy 7:20; Joshua 24:12, are probably plagues or troubles of any kind, divinely sent to break the power of the heathen nations, and render them an easier prey to the Israelites, when they made their invasion. Possibly, the main "hornets" were the Egyptians, who, under Rameses III., successfully invaded Palestine about the time of Israel's sojourn in the wilderness, and weakened the power of the Hittites (Khita). The Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite. By a common figure of speech, a part is put {or the whole - three nations for seven. The three names seem to be taken at random, but include the two nations of most power - the Canaanites and the Hittites.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I will send
וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י (wə·šā·laḥ·tî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

the hornet
הַצִּרְעָ֖ה (haṣ·ṣir·‘āh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6880: Hornets

before you
לְפָנֶ֑יךָ (lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 6440: The face

to drive
וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה (wə·ḡê·rə·šāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1644: To drive out from a, possession, to expatriate, divorce

the Hivites
הַחִוִּ֧י (ha·ḥiw·wî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2340: Hivite -- a Chivvite

and Canaanites
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י (hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3669: Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan

and Hittites
הַחִתִּ֖י (ha·ḥit·tî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2850: Hittite -- a Chittite

out of your way.
מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ (mil·lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)
Preposition-m, Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 6440: The face


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OT Law: Exodus 23:28 I will send the hornet before you (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 23:27
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