Lexical Summary marar: To be bitter, to make bitter Original Word: מָרַר Strong's Exhaustive Concordance be in, deal, have, make bitterly be moved with choler, have sorely, it grieved, A primitive root; properly, to trickle (see mar); but used only as a denominative from mar; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively) -- (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, - ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex. see HEBREW mar see HEBREW mar NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to be bitter NASB Translation bitter (2), bitter weeping (1), bitterly (2), dealt...bitterly (1), embittered (2), enraged (2), had (1), harder* (1), made bitter (1), troubled (1), weep bitterly (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs I. מָרַר verb be bitter (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian marâru and derivatives DlHWB 427; Arabic  become roused (of bile), II. make bitter, IV. become bitter;  bitter; Ethiopic  ; Aramaic  , מְרַר); — Qal Perfect3masculine singular מַר Isaiah 38:17 2t.; 3 feminine singular מָ֫רָה 1 Samuel 30:6; 2 Kings 4:27; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵמַר Isaiah 24:9; — be bitter: 1 literal יֵמַר שֵׁכָר לְשֹׁתָיו Isaiah 24:9. 2 figurative מָ֫רָה נֶפֶשׁ 1 Samuel 30:6 the soul of all the people was bitter against (עַלֿ); נַפְשָׁהּ מָ֫רָהלָֿהּ 2 Kings 4:27 her soul, it is bitter to her (i.e. she is in bitter distress); impersonal מַרלִֿי מְאֹד מִכֶּם Ruth 1:13 it is very bitter to me on your account (I am much distressed), compare Lamentations 1:4. — לְשָׁלוֺם מַרלִֿי מָ֑ר Isaiah 38:17 is dubious; CheComm. for (my) welfare was it (so) bitter to me, (so) bitter, compare Brd; so De Kau (treating מר apparently as adjective ); < Drechsl. Di for my welfare did the bitter become bitter to me (מָ֑ר adjective); Lo Gr, compare Buhl (sub מַר adjective ), read מָר for מַר (√ מור), the bitter is changed for me into welfare; CheHpt strike out מָ֑ר; Du (after ᵐ5) strike out clause as gloss. Pi`el Imperfect1singular אֲמָרֵר Isaiah 22:4; 3masculine plural וַיְמָֽרֲרוּ Exodus 1:14, suffix וַיְמָֽרֲרֻהוּ Genesis 49:23; — make bitter, shew bitterness: — 1 ׳וַיְמ Genesis 49:23 (poem) and the archers shewed bitterness (i.e. bitter hostility) toward him (suffix of indirect object); אֲמָרֵר בַּבֶּכִ֑י Isaiah 22:4 I will shew bitterness in weeping (= weep bitterly). 2 אֶתחַֿיֵּיהֶם ׳וַיְמ Exodus 1:14 (P) and they made their lives bitter by slavery. Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵמַר Ruth 1:20; Job 27:2; Imperfect2masculine singular תַּמֵּר Exodus 23:21 (but read תֶּ֫מֶר √ מרה Hiph`il q. v.); Infinitive absolute הָמֵר Zechariah 12:10 (twice in verse); — make bitter, shew bitterness: 1 שַׁדַּי הֵמַר נַפְשִׁי Job 27:2 Shadday, who hath embittered my soul; הֵמַר שַׁדַּי לִי מְאֹד Ruth 1:20. 2 וְהָמֵר עָלָיו כְּהָמֵר עַלהַֿבְּכוֺר Zechariah 12:10 and a bitter outcry (= literally shewing bitterness; "" מִסְמֵּד, סָפַד) over him, like a bitter outcry over the first-born. Hithpalpel Imperfect וְיִתְמַרְמַר Daniel 11:11 and the king of the south shall embitter himself (be enraged); אֶלֿ ׳וַיִּתְמ Daniel 8:7 and he was enraged against. Topical Lexicon Root Sense and Range of Meaning The verb conveys the experience of intense bitterness, either in taste (Isaiah 24:9) or, more often, in the inner life where it colors pain, grief, oppression, or fierce anger. It can describe (1) being made bitter by outside pressure, (2) becoming deeply grieved, or (3) acting with embittered rage against an opponent. Occurrences along the Timeline of Redemption • Patriarchal era – Joseph’s persecution (Genesis 49:23) embodies a righteous sufferer “harassed” by hostile archers; yet the bitterness aimed at him becomes the backdrop for God’s saving purposes for Israel. Theological Themes 1. Oppression and Deliverance. Bitterness often marks covenant people under tyranny (Exodus 1:14). God’s redemptive acts turn that bitterness into testimonies of grace. Christological Connections • Naomi’s “Mara” points forward to Mary at the cross, where the sword pierced her own soul. Ministry and Pastoral Application • Addressing Oppression: The church is called to relieve modern forms of Exodus-like bitterness—trafficking, persecution, injustice—embodying the Redeemer’s compassion. Summary Strong’s Hebrew 4843 weaves through Scripture as a thread of bitterness that God repeatedly transforms—oppression gives way to deliverance, grief to comfort, rage to repentance, death to resurrection. The same Lord stands ready today to sweeten every bitter soul through the grace revealed in Jesus Christ. Forms and Transliterations אֲמָרֵ֣ר אמרר הֵמַ֥ר המר וְהָמֵ֥ר וְיִתְמַרְמַר֙ וַֽיְמָרֲרֻ֖הוּ וַיְמָרְר֨וּ וַיִּתְמַרְמַ֤ר והמר וימררהו וימררו ויתמרמר יֵמַ֥ר ימר כְּהָמֵ֥ר כהמר מַר־ מָֽרָה־ מר־ מרה־ תַּמֵּ֣ר תמר ’ă·mā·rêr ’ămārêr amaRer hê·mar heMar hêmar kə·hā·mêr kehaMer kəhāmêr mā·rāh- mar mar- marah mārāh- tam·mêr tamMer tammêr vaiyitmarMar vaymaraRuhu vaymareRu vehaMer veyitmarMar way·mā·ră·ru·hū way·mā·rə·rū way·yiṯ·mar·mar waymārăruhū waymārərū wayyiṯmarmar wə·hā·mêr wə·yiṯ·mar·mar wəhāmêr wəyiṯmarmar yê·mar yeMar yêmarLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 49:23 HEB: וַֽיְמָרֲרֻ֖הוּ וָרֹ֑בּוּ וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֻ֖הוּ NAS: The archers bitterly attacked him, And shot KJV: The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot INT: bitterly and shot and harassed Exodus 1:14 Exodus 23:21 Ruth 1:13 Ruth 1:20 2 Kings 4:27 Job 27:2 Isaiah 22:4 Isaiah 24:9 Daniel 8:7 Daniel 11:11 Zechariah 12:10 Zechariah 12:10 13 Occurrences |
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