Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version They made their lives bitter with harsh labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their harsh labor the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly. New Living Translation They made their lives bitter, forcing them to mix mortar and make bricks and do all the work in the fields. They were ruthless in all their demands. English Standard Version and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field. In all their work they ruthlessly made them work as slaves. Berean Standard Bible and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh. King James Bible And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour. New King James Version And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage—in mortar, in brick, and in all manner of service in the field. All their service in which they made them serve was with rigor. New American Standard Bible and they made their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar and bricks and at all kinds of labor in the field, all their labors which they violently had them perform as slaves. NASB 1995 and they made their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar and bricks and at all kinds of labor in the field, all their labors which they rigorously imposed on them. NASB 1977 and they made their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar and bricks and at all kinds of labor in the field, all their labors which they rigorously imposed on them. Legacy Standard Bible and they made their lives bitter with hard slave labor in mortar and bricks and in all kinds of slave labor in the field, all their slave labor which they brutally compelled them to do. Amplified Bible They made their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar, brick, and all kinds of field work. All their labor was harsh and severe. Christian Standard Bible and made their lives bitter with difficult labor in brick and mortar and in all kinds of fieldwork. They ruthlessly imposed all this work on them. Holman Christian Standard Bible and made their lives bitter with difficult labor in brick and mortar and in all kinds of fieldwork. They ruthlessly imposed all this work on them. American Standard Version and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor. Contemporary English Version that their lives were miserable. The Egyptians were cruel to the people of Israel and forced them to make bricks and to mix mortar and to work in the fields. English Revised Version and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigour. GOD'S WORD® Translation They made their lives bitter with back-breaking work in mortar and bricks and every kind of work in the fields. All the jobs the Egyptians gave them were brutally hard. International Standard Version making their lives bitter through hard labor with mortar, bricks, and all kinds of outdoor labor. They ruthlessly imposed all this work on them. Majority Standard Bible and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh. NET Bible They made their lives bitter by hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. New Heart English Bible and they made their lives bitter with hard labor, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of labor in the field, all their labors which they ruthlessly made them do. Webster's Bible Translation And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service in which they made them serve, was with rigor. World English Bible and they made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve. Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionand make their lives bitter in hard service, in clay, and in brick, and in every [kind] of service in the field; all their service in which they have served [is] with rigor. Young's Literal Translation and make their lives bitter in hard service, in clay, and in brick, and in every kind of service in the field; all their service in which they have served is with rigour. Smith's Literal Translation And they will embitter their lives by hard work in clay, and in bricks, and in all work in the field: all their work in which they made them serve by oppression. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleAnd they made their life bitter with hard works in clay, and brick, and with all manner of service, wherewith they were overcharged in the works of the earth. Catholic Public Domain Version And they led their life directly into bitterness, with hard work in clay and brick, and with all kinds of servitude, so that they were being overwhelmed with the works of the land. New American Bible making life bitter for them with hard labor, at mortar and brick and all kinds of field work—cruelly oppressed in all their labor. New Revised Standard Version and made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and brick and in every kind of field labor. They were ruthless in all the tasks that they imposed on them. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleAnd they made their lives bitter with hard labor, in mortar and in bricks and in all manner of work in the field; all their service wherein they made them serve was with rigor. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And they were making their lives bitter with hard labor in clay and in bricks and in every work of the field, all the servitude that they were serving for them with hardship. OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917And they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field; in all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigour. Brenton Septuagint Translation And they embittered their life by hard labours, in the clay and in brick-making, and all the works in the plains, according to all the works, wherein they caused them to serve with violence. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Oppression by a New King…13They worked the Israelites ruthlessly 14and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh. 15Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah,… Cross References Exodus 2:23-25 After a long time, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned and cried out under their burden of slavery, and their cry for deliverance from bondage ascended to God. / So God heard their groaning, and He remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. / God saw the Israelites and took notice. Exodus 5:6-9 That same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their foremen: / “You shall no longer supply the people with straw for making bricks. They must go and gather their own straw. / But require of them the same quota of bricks as before; do not reduce it. For they are lazy; that is why they are crying out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’ ... Exodus 6:5-6 Furthermore, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered My covenant. / Therefore tell the Israelites: ‘I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment. Deuteronomy 26:6-7 But the Egyptians mistreated us and afflicted us, putting us to hard labor. / So we called out to the LORD, the God of our fathers; and the LORD heard our voice and saw our affliction, toil, and oppression. Psalm 81:6-7 “I relieved his shoulder of the burden; his hands were freed from the basket. / You called out in distress, and I rescued you; I answered you from the cloud of thunder; I tested you at the waters of Meribah. Selah Psalm 105:25 whose hearts He turned to hate His people, to conspire against His servants. Psalm 107:10-12 Some sat in darkness and in the shadow of death, prisoners in affliction and chains, / because they rebelled against the words of God and despised the counsel of the Most High. / He humbled their hearts with hard labor; they stumbled, and there was no one to help. Isaiah 14:3-4 On the day that the LORD gives you rest from your pain and torment, and from the hard labor into which you were forced, / you will sing this song of contempt against the king of Babylon: How the oppressor has ceased, and how his fury has ended! Isaiah 30:12-14 Therefore this is what the Holy One of Israel says: “Because you have rejected this message, trusting in oppression and relying on deceit, / this iniquity of yours is like a breach about to fail, a bulge in a high wall, whose collapse will come suddenly—in an instant! / It will break in pieces like a potter’s jar, shattered so that no fragment can be found. Not a shard will be found in the dust large enough to scoop the coals from a hearth or to skim the water from a cistern.” Jeremiah 50:33-34 This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “The sons of Israel are oppressed, and the sons of Judah as well. All their captors hold them fast, refusing to release them. / Their Redeemer is strong; the LORD of Hosts is His name. He will fervently plead their case so that He may bring rest to the earth, but turmoil to those who live in Babylon. Ezekiel 34:27 The trees of the field will give their fruit, and the land will yield its produce; My flock will be secure in their land. Then they will know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bars of their yoke and delivered them from the hands that enslaved them. Acts 7:19 He exploited our people and oppressed our fathers, forcing them to abandon their infants so they would die. Acts 7:34 I have indeed seen the oppression of My people in Egypt. I have heard their groaning and have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you back to Egypt.’ Romans 8:22 We know that the whole creation has been groaning together in the pains of childbirth until the present time. 2 Corinthians 1:8-10 We do not want you to be unaware, brothers, of the hardships we encountered in the province of Asia. We were under a burden far beyond our ability to endure, so that we despaired even of life. / Indeed, we felt we were under the sentence of death, in order that we would not trust in ourselves, but in God, who raises the dead. / He has delivered us from such a deadly peril, and He will deliver us. In Him we have placed our hope that He will yet again deliver us, Treasury of Scripture And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigor. their lives. Exodus 2:23 And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. Exodus 6:9 And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Genesis 15:13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; in mortar. Psalm 68:13 Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold. Psalm 81:6 I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered from the pots. Nahum 3:14 Draw thee waters for the siege, fortify thy strong holds: go into clay, and tread the morter, make strong the brickkiln. was with rigour. Exodus 1:13 And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour: Exodus 5:7-21 Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves… Exodus 20:2 I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Jump to Previous Bitter Bondage Brick Bricks Clay Conditions Egyptians Embittered Field Fields Hard Hardest Harshness Imposed Kind Kinds Life Lives Making Manner Mortar Rigor Rigorously Rigour Ruthlessly Serve Service Sorts Used Wherein WorkJump to Next Bitter Bondage Brick Bricks Clay Conditions Egyptians Embittered Field Fields Hard Hardest Harshness Imposed Kind Kinds Life Lives Making Manner Mortar Rigor Rigorously Rigour Ruthlessly Serve Service Sorts Used Wherein WorkExodus 1 1. The children of Israel, after Joseph's death, increase.8. The more they are oppressed by a new king, the more they multiply. 15. The godliness of the midwives in saving the male children alive. 22. Pharaoh commands the male children to be cast into the river They made their lives bitter The phrase "They made their lives bitter" reflects the intense suffering and hardship imposed upon the Israelites by the Egyptians. The Hebrew word for "bitter" is "marar," which conveys a sense of extreme distress and anguish. This bitterness is not just physical but also emotional and spiritual, as the Israelites were subjected to relentless oppression. Historically, this period marks a time of severe affliction for the Israelites, setting the stage for their eventual cry for deliverance. The bitterness of their lives underlines the depth of their need for God's intervention and foreshadows the sweetness of their eventual liberation. with hard labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields In all their harsh labor the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly All manner of service in the field.--Josephus speaks of their being employed to dig canals (Ant. Jud. ii. 9, ? 1), and there is a trace in Deuteronomy 11:10 of other labours connected with irrigation having been devolved on them. Such labours, under the hot sun of Egypt, are exhausting and dangerous to health. And all their service . . . was with rigour. Rather, besides all their other service, which they made them serve with rigour. Verse 14. - They made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter and in brick. While stone was the material chiefly employed by the Egyptians for their grand edifices, temples, palaces, treasuries, and the like, brick was also made use of to a large extent for inferior buildings, for tombs, dwelling-houses, walls of towns, forts, enclosures of temples, etc. There are examples of its employment in pyramids (Herod. 2:136; Vyse, 'Pyramids of Gizeh,' vol. 3. pp. 57-71); but only at a time long anterior to the nineteenth and even to the eighteenth dynasty. If the Pharaoh of the present passage was Seti I., the bricks made may have been destined in the main for that great wall which he commenced, but did not live to complete, between Pelusium and Heliopolis, which was to secure his eastern frontier (Birch, 'Egypt from the Earliest Times,' p. 125). All manner of labour in the field. The Israelitish colony was originally employed to a large extent in tending the royal flocks and herds (Genesis 47:6). At a later date many of them were engaged in agricultural operations (Deuteronomy 11:10). These, in Egypt, are in some respects light, e.g. preparing the land and ploughing, whence the remark of Herodotus (2:14); but in other respects exceedingly heavy. There is no country where care and labour are so constantly needed during the whole of the year. The inundation necessitates extreme watchfulness, to save cattle, to prevent the houses and the farmyards from being inundated, and the embankments from being washed away. The cultivation is continuous throughout the whole of the year; and success depends upon a system of irrigation that requires constant labour and unremitting attention. If the "labour in the field" included, as Josephus supposed (1.s.c.), the cutting of canals, their lives would indeed have been "made bitter." There is no such exhausting toil as that of working under the hot Egyptian sun, with the feet in water, in an open cutting, where there can be no shade, and scarcely a breath of air, from sunrise to sunset, as forced labourers are generally required in do. Me-hemet Ali lost 20,000 labourers out of 150,000 in the construction of the Alexandrian Canal towards the middle of the present century. CHAPTER 1:15-22 Hebrew and made their livesחַיֵּיהֶ֜ם (ḥay·yê·hem) Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 2416: Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life bitter וַיְמָרְר֨וּ (way·mā·rə·rū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural Strong's 4843: To be, bitter with hard קָשָׁ֗ה (qā·šāh) Adjective - feminine singular Strong's 7186: Hard, severe labor בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה (ba·‘ă·ḇō·ḏāh) Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 5656: Work of any kind in brick וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים (ū·ḇil·ḇê·nîm) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural Strong's 3843: Brick, tile and mortar, בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ (bə·ḥō·mer) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 2563: A bubbling up, of water, a wave, of earth, mire, clay, a heap, a chomer, dry measure and with all kinds וּבְכָל־ (ū·ḇə·ḵāl) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every of work עֲבֹדָ֖ה (‘ă·ḇō·ḏāh) Noun - feminine singular Strong's 5656: Work of any kind in the fields. בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה (baś·śā·ḏeh) Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 7704: Field, land Every כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every service עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם (‘ă·ḇō·ḏā·ṯām) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 5656: Work of any kind they imposed עָבְד֥וּ (‘ā·ḇə·ḏū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural Strong's 5647: To work, to serve, till, enslave was harsh. בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ (bə·p̄ā·reḵ) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 6531: Harshness, severity Links Exodus 1:14 NIVExodus 1:14 NLT Exodus 1:14 ESV Exodus 1:14 NASB Exodus 1:14 KJV Exodus 1:14 BibleApps.com Exodus 1:14 Biblia Paralela Exodus 1:14 Chinese Bible Exodus 1:14 French Bible Exodus 1:14 Catholic Bible OT Law: Exodus 1:14 And they made their lives bitter (Exo. 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