Lexical Summary ebrah: Wrath, fury, rage, outburst Original Word: עֶבְרָה Strong's Exhaustive Concordance anger, rage, wrath Feminine of eber; an outburst of passion -- anger, rage, wrath. see HEBREW eber NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfem. of eber Definition overflow, arrogance, fury NASB Translation anger (1), fury (14), overflowings (1), rage (1), wrath (16). Brown-Driver-Briggs עֶבְרָה noun feminine overflow, arrogance, fury; — absolute ׳ע Isaiah 13:9 +; construct עֶבְרַת Zephaniah 1:18 +; suffix עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6 +, etc.; plural עֲבָרוֺת Job 21:30; construct עַבְרוֺת Psalm 7:7; Job 40:11; — 1 overflow, excess, outburst, זָדוֺן ׳ע Proverbs 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֺת אַמֶּ֑ךָ Job 40:11 outbursts of thine anger. 2 arrogance, of Moab Isaiah 16:6 ( + גַּאֲוָה), גַּא׃ן hence Jeremiah 48:20 (+ id. Jeremiah 48:29). 3 overflowing rage, fury: a. of men, Genesis 49:7 (poem in J), Amos 1:11 (both "" אַף), Isaiah 14:6; Proverbs 14:35, שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֺ Proverbs 22:8 (i. e. rod wielded by him in fury, see also Lamentations 3:1 below), עַבְרוֺת צוֺרְרָ֑י Psalm 7:7 the outbursts of fury of my foes b. of ׳י Hosea 5:10; Hosea 13:11 ("" אַף), Habakkuk 3:8 ("" id.), Isaiah 9:18; Lamentations 2:2; Psalm 90:9; Psalm 90:11; + חֲרן אַף Isaiah 13:9, "" id. Isaiah 13:13; Psalm 78:49 (+ זַעַם), Psalm 85:4; אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36 ("" זַעַם), Ezekiel 22:31 ("" id.), Ezekiel 22:21; Ezekiel 38:19; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֺ Lamentations 3:1 (compare Proverbs 22:8 above); עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6 (i.e. object of my rage), compare דּוֺר עֶבְרָתוֺ Jeremiah 7:29; ׳יוֺם עֶבְרַת י Zephaniah 1:18 day of ׳י's fury (coming judgment), so Ezekiel 7:19 (strike out Co Berthol, after ᵐ5, as gloss from Zephaniah); so יוֺם עֶבְרָה Zephaniah 1:15; Proverbs 11:4; יוֺם עֲבָרוֺת Job 21:30; compare עֶבְרָה Proverbs 11:23. Topical Lexicon Scope and Nuance of עֶבְרָהThe noun עֶבְרָה most frequently denotes a violent outburst of anger expressed in word or deed. Its range stretches from impetuous human rage (Genesis 49:7) to the settled, righteous indignation of God (Job 21:30). In nearly every context the term conveys more than a transient emotion; it is anger in action—an anger that breaks out, overflows, and effects decisive consequences. Human Rage and Its Futility The earliest appearance of עֶבְרָה concerns Jacob’s judgment on Simeon and Levi: “Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce, and their wrath, for it is cruel” (Genesis 49:7). Their slaughter at Shechem illustrates the unbridled, destructive power of human rage. Proverbs repeatedly warns against such passion: “A man of great wrath suffers punishment” (Proverbs 19:19), and “Wrath is cruel and anger is a flood” (Proverbs 27:4). Human עֶבְרָה, therefore, is portrayed as uncontrolled, morally culpable, and inevitably self-defeating. Divine Wrath in Covenant Context Most occurrences describe God’s own wrath. In Deuteronomy 9:19 Moses confesses, “I dreaded the fierce anger of the LORD” after Israel’s sin with the golden calf. Here עֶבְרָה is a covenantal response: Yahweh’s holiness confronts covenant infidelity. When Israel violates the covenant, the Lord’s עֶבְרָה is aroused (Jeremiah 7:29; Hosea 13:11), displaying His unwavering commitment to righteousness and His sovereign freedom to judge. Prophetic Warnings and Historical Judgments The prophets position עֶבְרָה at pivotal historical moments. Through Isaiah, God announces an “indignation” (Isaiah 30:27) that burns against the nations; through Ezekiel, He declares, “In My wrath and raging fury I will execute judgment” (Ezekiel 38:19). Micah 7:9 records personal submission: “I will endure the fury of the LORD, because I have sinned against Him.” These texts link divine wrath to both immediate chastisement—Assyrian and Babylonian invasions—and to ultimate, eschatological reckoning. Temporal and Eschatological Dimensions Job 21:30 anticipates a “day of wrath” reserved for the wicked, and Zephaniah 2:2–3 urges the humble to “seek righteousness” that they may be “hidden on the day of the LORD’s anger.” Thus עֶבְרָה stretches forward to the Day of the LORD, a time when divine indignation reaches its climactic unveiling (Isaiah 13:13). Present historical judgments foreshadow that final disclosure. Representative Texts • Numbers 25:11 – Phinehas turns back divine wrath by zealously defending God’s honor. Theological Reflection Scripture never depicts God’s עֶבְרָה as capricious. It is measured, purposeful, and consistently aligned with His holiness, justice, and covenant love. Divine wrath vindicates God’s glory, protects His people, and ultimately serves redemptive ends. Human wrath, by contrast, lacks righteousness and calls for transformation (James 1:20). Christological Fulfillment The New Testament reveals the cross as the place where God’s wrath against sin is satisfied and His mercy lavishly displayed (Romans 3:25). Jesus “delivers us from the coming wrath” (1 Thessalonians 1:10), showing that the Old Testament expectation of עֶבְרָה culminates in the atoning work of Christ. The believer therefore views every Old Testament reference as an anticipatory signpost pointing to the cross. Pastoral and Practical Implications 1. Preaching and Teaching: Highlight the seriousness of sin and the necessity of repentance, grounding both in God’s revealed wrath and mercy. Concluding Perspective עֶבְרָה unfolds a rich biblical theology of wrath—human and divine—that underscores the moral fabric of the universe, the gravity of sin, and the necessity of redemption. Its 34 appearances weave a unified testimony: the righteous Judge will not leave sin unpunished, yet He offers refuge in Himself. Forms and Transliterations בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת בְּעֶבְרַ֥ת בְּעֶבְרַת֙ בְּעֶבְרָ֔ה בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ בְּעֶבְרָתִֽי׃ בְּעַבְר֣וֹת בְעֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ בעברה בעברות בעברת בעברתו בעברתי׃ בעברתך וְ֝עֶבְרָת֗וֹ וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ וְעֶבְרָתָ֖ם ועברה ועברתו ועברתם עֲבָר֣וֹת עֶבְר֣וֹת עֶבְרַ֣ת עֶבְרָ֑ה עֶבְרָ֖ה עֶבְרָ֣ה עֶבְרָֽה׃ עֶבְרָת֖וֹ עֶבְרָת֣וֹ עֶבְרָתִ֑י עֶבְרָתִ֖י עֶבְרָתִֽי׃ עֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ עֶבְרָתֶֽךָ׃ עֶבְרָתֽוֹ׃ עברה עברה׃ עברות עברת עברתו עברתו׃ עברתי עברתי׃ עברתך עברתך׃ ‘ă·ḇā·rō·wṯ ‘ăḇārōwṯ ‘eḇ·rā·ṯe·ḵā ‘eḇ·rā·ṯî ‘eḇ·rā·ṯōw ‘eḇ·rāh ‘eḇ·raṯ ‘eḇ·rō·wṯ ‘eḇrāh ‘eḇraṯ ‘eḇrāṯeḵā ‘eḇrāṯî ‘eḇrāṯōw ‘eḇrōwṯ avaRot bə‘aḇrōwṯ bə‘eḇrāh bə‘eḇraṯ ḇə‘eḇrāṯeḵā bə‘eḇrāṯî bə‘eḇrāṯōw bə·‘aḇ·rō·wṯ ḇə·‘eḇ·rā·ṯe·ḵā bə·‘eḇ·rā·ṯî bə·‘eḇ·rā·ṯōw bə·‘eḇ·rāh bə·‘eḇ·raṯ beavRot beevRah beevRat beevraTi beevraTo evRah evRat evraTecha evraTi evraTo evRot veevRah veevraTam veevraTecha veevraTo wə‘eḇrāh wə‘eḇrāṯām wə‘eḇrāṯōw wə·‘eḇ·rā·ṯām wə·‘eḇ·rā·ṯōw wə·‘eḇ·rāhLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 49:7 HEB: כִּ֣י עָ֔ז וְעֶבְרָתָ֖ם כִּ֣י קָשָׁ֑תָה NAS: for it is fierce; And their wrath, for it is cruel. KJV: for [it was] fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: INT: for is fierce and their wrath for is cruel Job 21:30 Job 40:11 Psalm 7:6 Psalm 78:49 Psalm 85:3 Psalm 90:9 Psalm 90:11 Proverbs 11:4 Proverbs 11:23 Proverbs 14:35 Proverbs 21:24 Proverbs 22:8 Isaiah 9:19 Isaiah 10:6 Isaiah 13:9 Isaiah 13:13 Isaiah 14:6 Isaiah 16:6 Jeremiah 7:29 Jeremiah 48:30 Lamentations 2:2 Lamentations 3:1 Ezekiel 7:19 Ezekiel 21:31 34 Occurrences |
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