Lexical Summary qadmoni: east, eastern, former Original Word: קַדְמוֹנִי Strong's Exhaustive Concordance ancient, they that went before, east, thing of old Or qadmoniy {kad-mo-nee'}; from qadmown; (of time) anterior or (of place) oriental -- ancient, they that went before, east, (thing of) old. see HEBREW qadmown NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom the same as qedem Definition former, eastern NASB Translation ancients (1), east (3), eastern (3), eastward (1), former (2), things of the past (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs I. קַדְמֹנִי adjective former, eastern (on formation see LagBN 195 BaNB, § 227d); — absolute ׳ק 1 Samuel 24:14 (Gi v.1 Samuel 24:13), Joel 2:20; מ֑וֺנִי Ezekiel 10:19 +; masculine plural קַדְמֹנִים Job 18:20, מ֑וֺנִים Ezekiel 38:17; feminine plural קַדְמֹנִיּוֺת Isaiah 43:18; Malachi 3:4; — 1 former, ancient, ׳יָמִים ק Ezekiel 38:17 former days; ׳שָׁנִים ק Malachi 3:4 ("" יְמֵי עוֺלָם): feminine plural as n., former things Isaiah 43:18 ("" רִאשֹׁנוֺת); masculine singular as collective noun מְשַׁל הַקַּדְמֹנִי 1 Samuel 24:14 a proverb of the ancients. 2 eastern: of שַׁעַר Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:1, יָם (i.e. Dead Sea) Ezekiel 47:18 and (opposed to הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֺן) Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20; masculine plural as noun Easterns, those of the east (opposed to west) Job 18:20 (so Ew De Hi Di Bae Du; Vrss earlier and later, so Da and others [both future], Bu former Generations [now in Sh®°ôl], and future). Topical Lexicon Overview קַדְמוֹנִי appears ten times across the Old Testament, functioning either in a temporal sense (“former,” “ancient”) or a geographical sense (“eastern”). Together these uses highlight Yahweh’s lordship over both history and space, linking the “days of old” with the prophetic future and orienting worshippers toward the presence of God that enters from the east. Semantic Range Within Scripture 1. Temporal: denoting events, persons, or offerings from “earlier times” (1 Samuel 24:13; Isaiah 43:18; Ezekiel 38:17; Malachi 3:4). Historical Occurrences and Themes • 1 Samuel 24:13 records David quoting “the proverb of the ancients,” showing how Israel valued ancestral wisdom while David refrained from vengeance. Geographical and Cultic Orientation Ezekiel repeatedly places divine activity at the “east gate”: The “eastern sea” of Joel 2:20 and Zechariah 14:8 (the Dead Sea) frames both judgment on invading armies and the eschatological flow of “living waters,” signifying cleansing and life emerging from the temple mount toward the place of death. Prophetic and Eschatological Dimensions Ezekiel 38:17 reminds Gog that his downfall was “spoken of in former times by My servants the prophets,” grounding end-time expectations in centuries-old revelation. Joel and Zechariah depict an east-west axis in which the curse of locusts and foreign invaders is reversed, and the life-giving river of God permanently heals the land. These passages anticipate Christ’s triumph, when living water flows to all nations (John 7:37-38) and when He comes “as lightning that comes from the east” (Matthew 24:27). Pastoral and Ministry Applications 1. Memory Disciplined by Hope: Isaiah 43:18 warns against nostalgia that paralyzes faith; believers cherish testimony of “former things” yet press on to God’s new mercies. Connections to New Testament Fulfillment The temporal sense of קַדְמוֹנִי meets its goal in Jesus Christ, “the first and the last” (Revelation 1:17), who embodies both ancient promise and final reality. Geographically, His anticipated return “from the east” aligns with Old Testament expectation of glory re-entering from that direction, completing the cycle begun in Ezekiel. Key References 1 Samuel 24:13; Job 18:20; Isaiah 43:18; Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:1; Ezekiel 38:17; Ezekiel 47:18; Joel 2:20; Zechariah 14:8; Malachi 3:4. Suggested Further Study Compare “east” imagery in Genesis 2:8, Matthew 24:27, and Revelation 7:2; trace “former things” language in Isaiah 41–48; study temple orientation in Second Temple literature for deeper insight into Ezekiel’s visions. Forms and Transliterations הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֔י הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֖י הַקַּדְמוֹנִי֙ הקדמוני הקדמני וְ֝קַדְמֹנִ֗ים וְקַדְמֹנִיּ֖וֹת וקדמניות וקדמנים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת׃ קַדְמוֹנִ֗ים קדמונים קדמניות׃ hakkadmoNi haq·qaḏ·mō·nî haq·qaḏ·mō·w·nî haqqaḏmōnî haqqaḏmōwnî kadmoNim kadmoniYot qaḏ·mō·nî·yō·wṯ qaḏ·mō·w·nîm qaḏmōnîyōwṯ qaḏmōwnîm vekadmoNim vekadmoniYot wə·qaḏ·mō·nî·yō·wṯ wə·qaḏ·mō·nîm wəqaḏmōnîm wəqaḏmōnîyōwṯLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance 1 Samuel 24:13 HEB: יֹאמַ֗ר מְשַׁל֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י מֵרְשָׁעִ֖ים יֵ֣צֵא NAS: As the proverb of the ancients says, KJV: the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness INT: says as the proverb of the ancients condemn comes Job 18:20 Isaiah 43:18 Ezekiel 10:19 Ezekiel 11:1 Ezekiel 38:17 Ezekiel 47:18 Joel 2:20 Zechariah 14:8 Malachi 3:4 10 Occurrences |
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