Judges 3:1
New International Version
These are the nations the LORD left to test all those Israelites who had not experienced any of the wars in Canaan

New Living Translation
These are the nations that the LORD left in the land to test those Israelites who had not experienced the wars of Canaan.

English Standard Version
Now these are the nations that the LORD left, to test Israel by them, that is, all in Israel who had not experienced all the wars in Canaan.

Berean Standard Bible
These are the nations that the LORD left to test all the Israelites who had not known any of the wars in Canaan,

King James Bible
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

New King James Version
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, that He might test Israel by them, that is, all who had not known any of the wars in Canaan

New American Standard Bible
Now these are the nations that the LORD left, to test Israel by them (that is, all the Israelites who had not experienced any of the wars of Canaan;

NASB 1995
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to test Israel by them (that is, all who had not experienced any of the wars of Canaan;

NASB 1977
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to test Israel by them (that is, all who had not experienced any of the wars of Canaan;

Legacy Standard Bible
Now these are the nations which Yahweh allowed to remain, to test Israel by them (that is, all who had not known any of the wars of Canaan;

Amplified Bible
Now these are the nations which the LORD left [in order] to test Israel by them (that is, all [the people of Israel] who had not [previously] experienced any of the wars in Canaan;

Christian Standard Bible
These are the nations the LORD left in order to test all those in Israel who had experienced none of the wars in Canaan.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
These are the nations the LORD left in order to test Israel, since the Israelites had fought none of these in any of the wars with Canaan.

American Standard Version
Now these are the nations which Jehovah left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

English Revised Version
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
These are the nations the LORD left behind to test all the Israelites who had not experienced any war in Canaan.

Good News Translation
So then, the LORD left some nations in the land to test the Israelites who had not been through the wars in Canaan.

International Standard Version
Here's a list of nations that the LORD caused to remain in order to test Israel (that is, everyone who had not gained any battle experience in Canaan)

Majority Standard Bible
These are the nations that the LORD left to test all the Israelites who had not known any of the wars in Canaan,

NET Bible
These were the nations the LORD permitted to remain so he could use them to test Israel--he wanted to test all those who had not experienced battle against the Canaanites.

New Heart English Bible
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

Webster's Bible Translation
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, (even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

World English Bible
Now these are the nations which Yahweh left, to test Israel by them, even as many as had not known all the wars of Canaan;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And these [are] the nations which YHWH left, to try Israel by them, all who have not known all the wars of Canaan;

Young's Literal Translation
And these are the nations which Jehovah left, to try Israel by them, all who have not known all the wars of Canaan;

Smith's Literal Translation
These the nations which Jehovah left to try Israel by them, (all which knew not the wars of Canaan;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
These are the nations which the Lord left, that by them he might instruct Israel, and all that had not known the wars of the Chanaanites:

Catholic Public Domain Version
These are the nations which the Lord left, so that by them he might instruct Israel and all who had not known the wars of the Canaanites,

New American Bible
These are the nations the LORD allowed to remain, so that through them he might test Israel, all those who had not experienced any of the Canaanite wars—

New Revised Standard Version
Now these are the nations that the LORD left to test all those in Israel who had no experience of any war in Canaan
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
NOW these are the nations which the LORD left, to test Israel by them, even the Israelites who had not experienced all the wars of Canaan.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And these are nations that LORD JEHOVAH left behind to tempt Israel by them, all who had not known all the wars of the Canaanites
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And these are the nations which the Lord left to prove Israel with them, all that had not known the wars of Chanaan.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Nations Left to Test Israel
1These are the nations that the LORD left to test all the Israelites who had not known any of the wars in Canaan, 2if only to teach warfare to the subsequent generations of Israel, especially to those who had not known it formerly:…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 7:22
The LORD your God will drive out these nations before you little by little. You will not be enabled to eliminate them all at once, or the wild animals would multiply around you.

Exodus 23:29-30
I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you. / Little by little I will drive them out ahead of you, until you become fruitful and possess the land.

Joshua 23:12-13
For if you turn away and cling to the rest of these nations that remain among you, and if you intermarry and associate with them, / know for sure that the LORD your God will no longer drive out these nations before you. Instead, they will become for you a snare and a trap, a scourge in your sides and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land that the LORD your God has given you.

Judges 2:21-23
I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died. / In this way I will test whether Israel will keep the way of the LORD by walking in it as their fathers did.” / That is why the LORD had left those nations in place and had not driven them out immediately by delivering them into the hand of Joshua.

Deuteronomy 8:2
Remember that these forty years the LORD your God led you all the way in the wilderness, so that He might humble you and test you in order to know what was in your heart, whether or not you would keep His commandments.

Joshua 13:1-6
Now Joshua was old and well along in years, and the LORD said to him, “You are old and well along in years, but very much of the land remains to be possessed. / This is the land that remains: All the territory of the Philistines and the Geshurites, / from the Shihor east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron on the north (considered to be Canaanite territory)—that of the five Philistine rulers of Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as that of the Avvites; ...

Exodus 13:17
When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them along the road through the land of the Philistines, though it was shorter. For God said, “If the people face war, they might change their minds and return to Egypt.”

2 Kings 17:25-26
Now when the settlers first lived there, they did not worship the LORD, so He sent lions among them, which killed some of them. / So they spoke to the king of Assyria, saying, “The peoples that you have removed and placed in the cities of Samaria do not know the requirements of the God of the land. Because of this, He has sent lions among them, which are indeed killing them off.”

Deuteronomy 20:17-18
For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you, / so that they cannot teach you to do all the detestable things they do for their gods, and so cause you to sin against the LORD your God.

1 Samuel 12:9
But they forgot the LORD their God, and He sold them into the hand of Sisera the commander of the army of Hazor, and into the hands of the Philistines and the king of Moab, who fought against them.

Nehemiah 9:27
So You delivered them into the hands of enemies who oppressed them, and in their time of distress they cried out to You. From heaven You heard them, and in Your great compassion You gave them deliverers who saved them from the hands of their enemies.

Psalm 106:34-36
They did not destroy the peoples as the LORD had commanded them, / but they mingled with the nations and adopted their customs. / They worshiped their idols, which became a snare to them.

Romans 5:3-4
Not only that, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; / perseverance, character; and character, hope.

James 1:2-4
Consider it pure joy, my brothers, when you encounter trials of many kinds, / because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance. / Allow perseverance to finish its work, so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.

1 Peter 1:6-7
In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in various trials / so that the proven character of your faith—more precious than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may result in praise, glory, and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ.


Treasury of Scripture

Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

Judges 2:21,22
I also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations which Joshua left when he died: …

Deuteronomy 7:22
And the LORD thy God will put out those nations before thee by little and little: thou mayest not consume them at once, lest the beasts of the field increase upon thee.

prove

Deuteronomy 8:2,16
And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no…

2 Chronicles 32:31
Howbeit in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who sent unto him to inquire of the wonder that was done in the land, God left him, to try him, that he might know all that was in his heart.

Job 23:10
But he knoweth the way that I take: when he hath tried me, I shall come forth as gold.

as had not

Judges 2:10
And also all that generation were gathered unto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them, which knew not the LORD, nor yet the works which he had done for Israel.

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Canaan Experience Experienced Israel Israelites Kept Nations Prove Purpose Test Testing Try War Wars
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Canaan Experience Experienced Israel Israelites Kept Nations Prove Purpose Test Testing Try War Wars
Judges 3
1. The nations which were left to prove Israel
5. By communion with them they commit idolatry
8. Othniel delivered them from Chushan-Rishathaim
12. Ehud from Eglon
31. and Shamgar from the Philistines














These are the nations
This phrase introduces a list of specific groups that remained in the land of Canaan. The Hebrew word for "nations" is "goyim," which often refers to non-Israelite peoples. Historically, these nations were remnants of the original inhabitants of Canaan, such as the Philistines, Canaanites, Sidonians, and Hivites. Their presence served as a constant reminder of Israel's incomplete conquest and the ongoing struggle between following God's commands and succumbing to the surrounding pagan influences.

the LORD left
The Hebrew name for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His sovereignty and faithfulness. The phrase "left" indicates a deliberate action by God. It suggests that God, in His wisdom, allowed these nations to remain for a purpose. This divine decision underscores the theme of God's providence and His use of circumstances to fulfill His greater plan for His people.

to test
The Hebrew word for "test" is "nasah," which means to try, prove, or put to the test. This testing was not for God's benefit, as He is omniscient, but for the Israelites' growth and refinement. It was a means to reveal their faithfulness and obedience to God's commandments. This concept of testing is a recurring theme in Scripture, where trials are used to strengthen character and deepen reliance on God.

all the Israelites
This phrase encompasses the entire nation of Israel, indicating that the test was not limited to a specific tribe or group but was a collective experience. It highlights the unity and shared responsibility of the Israelites in maintaining their covenant relationship with God. Historically, this period was marked by a cycle of disobedience, oppression, repentance, and deliverance, reflecting the communal nature of their spiritual journey.

who had not known any of the wars in Canaan
This refers to a new generation of Israelites who had not experienced the initial conquest of Canaan under Joshua. The Hebrew word for "known" is "yada," which implies experiential knowledge. This lack of firsthand experience in warfare meant that they had not witnessed God's miraculous interventions in battle. The presence of these nations served as an opportunity for this generation to learn reliance on God and to develop their own faith and courage in the face of adversity.

(1) To prove Israel.--The verb here used is the same as in Judges 2:22 and Judges 3:4, but, as R. Tanchum observes, it is used in a slightly different sense, meaning "to train them." Symmachus renders it ask?sai.

As many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan.--This expression clearly implies the generation after that of Joshua. "The wars of Canaan" are equivalent to "the wars of the Lord," and refer to the struggles of the actual conquest.

Verse 1. - Now these are the nations, etc. We are now told in detail what was stated in general in Judges 2:22, 23, after the common method of Hebrew narrative. To prove Israel. This word to prove is used here in a somewhat different sense from that which it bears in ver. 4 and in Judges 2:22. In those passages it is used of their moral probation, of proving or testing their faith and obedience; but here it is rather in the sense of "to exercise" or "to accustom them," to train them to war. A considerable period of rest had followed Joshua's conquest, during which the younger Israelites had no experience of war; but if they were to keep their hold of Canaan, it was needful that the warlike spirit should be kept up in their breasts.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
These
וְאֵ֤לֶּה (wə·’êl·leh)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

are the nations
הַגּוֹיִם֙ (hag·gō·w·yim)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1471: A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts

the LORD
יְהוָ֔ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

left
הִנִּ֣יחַ (hin·nî·aḥ)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3240: Bestow, cast down, lay down, up, leave off, let alone remain, pacify, place,

to test
לְנַסּ֥וֹת (lə·nas·sō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 5254: To test, to attempt

all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the Israelites
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

who
אֲשֶׁ֣ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

had not
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

known
יָדְע֔וּ (yā·ḏə·‘ū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3045: To know

any
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

of the wars
מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת (mil·ḥă·mō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 4421: A battle, war

in Canaan,
כְּנָֽעַן׃ (kə·nā·‘an)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3667: Canaan -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their land West of the Jordan


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OT History: Judges 3:1 Now these are the nations which Yahweh (Jd Judg. Jdg)
Judges 2:23
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