Psalm 18:31
New International Version
For who is God besides the LORD? And who is the Rock except our God?

New Living Translation
For who is God except the LORD? Who but our God is a solid rock?

English Standard Version
For who is God, but the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God?—

Berean Standard Bible
For who is God besides the LORD? And who is the Rock except our God?

King James Bible
For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God?

New King James Version
For who is God, except the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God?

New American Standard Bible
For who is God, but the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God,

NASB 1995
For who is God, but the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God,

NASB 1977
For who is God, but the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God,

Legacy Standard Bible
For who is God, but Yahweh? And who is a rock, except our God,

Amplified Bible
For who is God, but the LORD? Or who is a rock, except our God,

Christian Standard Bible
For who is God besides the LORD? And who is a rock? Only our God.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For who is God besides Yahweh? And who is a rock? Only our God.

American Standard Version
For who is God, save Jehovah? And who is a rock, besides our God,

Contemporary English Version
You alone are God! Only you are a mighty rock.

English Revised Version
For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, beside our God?

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Who is God but the LORD? Who is a rock except our God?

Good News Translation
The LORD alone is God; God alone is our defense.

International Standard Version
For who is God but the LORD, and who is a Rock other than our God?—

Majority Standard Bible
For who is God besides the LORD? And who is the Rock except our God?

NET Bible
Indeed, who is God besides the LORD? Who is a protector besides our God?

New Heart English Bible
For who is God, except the LORD? Who is a rock, besides our God,

Webster's Bible Translation
For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God?

World English Bible
For who is God, except Yahweh? Who is a rock, besides our God,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
For who [is] God besides YHWH? And who [is] a rock except our God?

Young's Literal Translation
For who is God besides Jehovah? And who is a rock save our God?

Smith's Literal Translation
For who is God besides Jehovah? or who a rock except our God?
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
For who is God but the Lord? or who is God but our God?

Catholic Public Domain Version
For who is God, except the Lord? And who is God, except our God?

New American Bible
Truly, who is God except the LORD? Who but our God is the rock?

New Revised Standard Version
For who is God except the LORD? And who is a rock besides our God?—
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
For there is no God save the LORD; and there is no one who is mighty like our God.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Because there is no God outside of LORD JEHOVAH, and there is none strong like my God.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
For who is God, save the LORD? And who is a Rock, except our God?

Brenton Septuagint Translation
For who is God but the Lord? and who is a God except our God?

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The LORD is My Rock
30As for God, His way is perfect; the word of the LORD is flawless. He is a shield to all who take refuge in Him. 31For who is God besides the LORD? And who is the Rock except our God? 32It is God who arms me with strength and makes my way clear.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 32:4
He is the Rock, His work is perfect; all His ways are just. A God of faithfulness without injustice, righteous and upright is He.

2 Samuel 22:32
For who is God besides the LORD? And who is the Rock except our God?

Isaiah 44:8
Do not tremble or fear. Have I not told you and declared it long ago? You are My witnesses! Is there any God but Me? There is no other Rock; I know not one.”

1 Samuel 2:2
There is no one holy like the LORD. Indeed, there is no one besides You! And there is no Rock like our God.

2 Samuel 22:47
The LORD lives, and blessed be my Rock! And may God, the Rock of my salvation, be exalted—

Isaiah 26:4
Trust in the LORD forever, because GOD the LORD is the Rock eternal.

2 Samuel 22:31
As for God, His way is perfect; the word of the LORD is flawless. He is a shield to all who take refuge in Him.

1 Corinthians 10:4
and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ.

Isaiah 30:29
You will sing as on the night of a holy festival, and your heart will rejoice like one who walks to the music of a flute, going up to the mountain of the LORD, to the Rock of Israel.

Romans 9:33
as it is written: “See, I lay in Zion a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense; and the one who believes in Him will never be put to shame.”

1 Peter 2:6-8
For it stands in Scripture: “See, I lay in Zion a stone, a chosen and precious cornerstone; and the one who believes in Him will never be put to shame.” / To you who believe, then, this stone is precious. But to those who do not believe, “The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone,” / and, “A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” They stumble because they disobey the word—and to this they were appointed.

Matthew 16:18
And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.

1 Corinthians 3:11
For no one can lay a foundation other than the one already laid, which is Jesus Christ.

Ephesians 2:20
built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the cornerstone.

Isaiah 28:16
So this is what the Lord GOD says: “See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation; the one who believes will never be shaken.


Treasury of Scripture

For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God?

Psalm 86:8
Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord; neither are there any works like unto thy works.

Deuteronomy 32:31,39
For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges…

1 Samuel 2:2
There is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God.

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Psalm 18
1. David praises God for his manifold and marvelous blessings














For who is God
This phrase invites us to reflect on the uniqueness and supremacy of God. The Hebrew word for "God" here is "Eloah," which emphasizes the singularity and majesty of God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, where polytheism was prevalent, this rhetorical question underscores the monotheistic belief that there is no other deity like the God of Israel. It challenges the reader to consider the futility of idols and the incomparable nature of the one true God.

besides the LORD?
The term "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal existence and covenantal faithfulness. The question posed here highlights the exclusivity of YHWH as the only true God, reinforcing the covenant relationship between God and His people. It serves as a reminder of God's unchanging nature and His role as the ultimate authority and protector.

And who is the Rock
The metaphor of God as a "Rock" is rich with meaning. In Hebrew, the word "Tsur" conveys strength, stability, and reliability. In the ancient world, rocks were seen as symbols of permanence and protection, often used as places of refuge. This imagery assures believers of God's unwavering support and His role as a secure foundation in times of trouble. It evokes a sense of trust and confidence in God's unshakeable presence.

except our God?
The possessive "our" emphasizes the personal relationship between God and His people. It is a declaration of faith and belonging, affirming that the God who is the Rock is not distant or impersonal but intimately involved in the lives of His followers. This phrase invites believers to reflect on their own relationship with God, recognizing Him as their personal protector and source of strength. It is a call to acknowledge God's unique role in their lives and to rely on Him fully.

(31) Comp. Deuteronomy 32:31, where we see that "rock" was a common term among the tribes of Canaan for their divinities. Notice some trifling variations in Samuel.

Verse 31. - For who is God save the Lord (see Exodus 20:3; Deuteronomy 32:39). As the one and only God, absolute confidence may be placed in Jehovah, who is able to protect and preserve to the uttermost all who serve him (comp. 2 Samuel 7:22-29). Or who is a Rock save our God? (comp. ver. 2; and see also Deuteronomy 32:4, 18, 30, 31; and Psalm 61:2).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
For
כִּ֤י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

who
מִ֣י (mî)
Interrogative
Strong's 4310: Who?, whoever, in oblique construction with prefix, suffix

is God
אֱ֭לוֹהַּ (’ĕ·lō·w·ah)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 433: God -- a deity, the Deity

besides
מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י (mib·bal·‘ă·ḏê)
Preposition-m
Strong's 1107: Apart from, except, without

the LORD?
יְהוָ֑ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

And who
וּמִ֥י (ū·mî)
Conjunctive waw | Interrogative
Strong's 4310: Who?, whoever, in oblique construction with prefix, suffix

[is] the rock
צ֝֗וּר (ṣūr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6697: A cliff, a rock, boulder, a refuge, an edge

except
זוּלָתִ֥י (zū·lā·ṯî)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's 2108: Scattering, removal, except

our God?
אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ (’ĕ·lō·hê·nū)
Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural
Strong's 430: gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative


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OT Poetry: Psalm 18:31 For who is God except Yahweh? Who (Psalm Ps Psa.)
Psalm 18:30
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