So Joseph went and told Pharaoh:
Joseph, as the second most powerful man in Egypt, had direct access to Pharaoh. This reflects his high status and the trust Pharaoh placed in him. Joseph's role as a mediator between his family and Pharaoh is significant, as it shows his continued loyalty to both his family and his adopted country. This act of going to Pharaoh also demonstrates the importance of family in Joseph's life, despite his years in Egypt.

My father and my brothers:
Joseph's mention of his father and brothers highlights the restoration of his family relationships, which had been broken due to his brothers' betrayal. This reconciliation is a key theme in Joseph's story, reflecting the broader biblical theme of forgiveness and restoration. The family unit is central in biblical narratives, often representing the covenant community of God's people.

with their flocks and herds and all they own:
The mention of flocks and herds indicates the wealth and livelihood of Jacob's family, who were pastoralists. This detail underscores the nomadic lifestyle of the patriarchs and their dependence on livestock for sustenance and economic stability. It also sets the stage for the Israelites' future prosperity in Egypt, as they would later become a numerous and wealthy people.

have come from the land of Canaan:
Canaan is the land promised to Abraham and his descendants by God. The movement from Canaan to Egypt is significant, as it fulfills God's earlier prophecy to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a foreign land (Genesis 15:13). This migration sets the stage for the eventual Exodus, a pivotal event in Israel's history.

and are now in Goshen:
Goshen was a fertile region in Egypt, suitable for grazing livestock. Its location provided a strategic place for Jacob's family to settle, ensuring their survival during the famine. The choice of Goshen also reflects God's providence in providing for His people. This area would later become the starting point for the Israelites' journey back to Canaan, fulfilling God's promise to bring them back to the Promised Land.

And he chose five of his brothers
Joseph, acting as a mediator between his family and Pharaoh, selects five of his brothers to represent the family. The number five may symbolize grace or favor in biblical numerology, suggesting divine favor upon Joseph's family. This choice reflects Joseph's wisdom and discernment, as he likely chose those who would make a favorable impression on Pharaoh. The selection of brothers also highlights the theme of family unity and the importance of representation in foreign courts, a common practice in ancient Near Eastern diplomacy.

and presented them before Pharaoh.
Joseph's brothers are brought into the presence of Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, signifying a moment of great importance and potential vulnerability. This act of presentation is significant in the cultural context of the time, as it demonstrates Joseph's high standing and trust within the Egyptian court. The brothers' introduction to Pharaoh fulfills Joseph's earlier dreams of his family bowing before him, as seen in Genesis 37:7-10, and foreshadows the Israelites' future relationship with Egypt. This encounter also prefigures the eventual Exodus, where the Israelites will again stand before a Pharaoh, but under very different circumstances.

“What is your occupation?”
Pharaoh's question to Joseph's brothers is significant in the context of ancient Egypt, where occupations were often tied to social status and identity. In Egyptian society, shepherds were generally looked down upon, as Egyptians considered sheep unclean. This question also reflects the importance of work and identity in the biblical narrative, where one's occupation often signifies one's role and purpose. The inquiry by Pharaoh can be seen as a test of character and honesty, as well as a means to understand the newcomers' place in the Egyptian social hierarchy.

Pharaoh asked Joseph’s brothers.
This interaction highlights the favor Joseph had with Pharaoh, allowing his family direct access to the ruler of Egypt. It underscores Joseph's elevated status and the trust Pharaoh placed in him. The presence of Joseph's brothers before Pharaoh fulfills the earlier dreams Joseph had, where his family would bow to him, indicating his leadership and God's providence in their lives. This moment also sets the stage for the Israelites' settlement in Egypt, which is a pivotal development in the biblical narrative.

“Your servants are shepherds,” they replied,
The brothers' response is straightforward and honest, acknowledging their humble occupation. This admission aligns with their identity and heritage, as shepherding was a common occupation among the patriarchs, including Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The term "servants" reflects a posture of humility and respect towards Pharaoh, recognizing his authority. This response also foreshadows the Israelites' future as a distinct people within Egypt, maintaining their cultural and occupational identity.

“both we and our fathers.”
By mentioning their fathers, the brothers emphasize the continuity and tradition of their occupation, linking themselves to their ancestral heritage. This connection to their forefathers highlights the importance of family and tradition in the biblical narrative. It also serves as a reminder of God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, reinforcing the idea that the Israelites are a chosen people with a distinct purpose. This phrase underscores the theme of faithfulness to one's heritage and the enduring nature of God's promises throughout generations.

Then they said to Pharaoh,
This phrase indicates the direct communication between Joseph's brothers and Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt. It highlights the importance of Joseph's position in Egypt, as his family is granted an audience with the king. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be influential in foreign lands (Genesis 12:2-3).

“We have come to live in the land for a time,
The temporary nature of their stay is emphasized here. The Israelites' sojourn in Egypt was initially intended to be short-term, but it eventually extended to 400 years, as foretold in Genesis 15:13. This phrase also foreshadows the eventual Exodus, where the Israelites would leave Egypt to return to the Promised Land.

because there is no pasture for the flocks of your servants,
This highlights the severity of the famine affecting Canaan, which forced Jacob's family to seek sustenance in Egypt. The mention of "flocks" underscores the pastoral lifestyle of the Israelites, contrasting with the more agrarian society of Egypt. This distinction would later contribute to the Israelites' separation and identity as a distinct people.

since the famine in the land of Canaan has been severe.
The famine is a pivotal event in the narrative, driving the migration to Egypt. It serves as a backdrop for God's providential care, as He uses the famine to bring Jacob's family to Egypt, setting the stage for their growth into a great nation. This also connects to Joseph's earlier dreams and his role in God's plan (Genesis 41:25-32).

So now, please allow your servants to settle in the land of Goshen.”
Goshen is identified as a fertile region in Egypt, suitable for grazing livestock. This request reflects Joseph's strategic planning, as Goshen's location would allow the Israelites to maintain their distinct identity while benefiting from Egypt's resources. Theologically, Goshen represents God's provision and protection for His people, even in a foreign land.

Pharaoh said to Joseph
Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, represents the highest authority in the land. His direct communication with Joseph highlights Joseph's elevated status and influence in Egypt, a remarkable rise from being a Hebrew slave. This interaction underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to Joseph through his dreams (Genesis 37:5-11), where he was shown to be in a position of leadership. Joseph's role as second-in-command to Pharaoh is a type of Christ, who is exalted to the right hand of God (Philippians 2:9-11).

Now that your father and brothers have come to you
The arrival of Jacob (Israel) and his sons in Egypt fulfills God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a foreign land (Genesis 15:13). This migration sets the stage for the Israelites' eventual enslavement and subsequent Exodus, a pivotal event in biblical history. The family reunion also signifies God's providence and faithfulness in preserving the lineage through which the Messiah would come. Joseph's provision for his family during famine is a foreshadowing of Christ's provision for spiritual sustenance (John 6:35).

The land of Egypt is before you;
This phrase indicates Pharaoh's generosity and openness to Joseph's family. Egypt, a powerful and fertile nation, was a place of refuge during times of famine. The phrase echoes God's promise to Abraham about his descendants being blessed and having a place to dwell. It also reflects the providence of God in providing for His people through Joseph's position in Egypt.

settle your father and brothers in the best part of the land.
Pharaoh's offer to settle Joseph's family in the best part of the land demonstrates favor and respect towards Joseph. The "best part" likely refers to the fertile region of Goshen, which was ideal for agriculture and livestock. This act of kindness fulfills God's promise to care for Jacob's family and foreshadows Israel's future prosperity in Egypt before the Exodus.

They may dwell in the land of Goshen.
Goshen was located in the eastern part of the Nile Delta, known for its rich soil and suitability for grazing. This location allowed the Israelites to maintain their distinct identity and practices, separate from the Egyptians. The choice of Goshen also aligns with God's plan to grow the Israelites into a great nation in a foreign land, as foretold to Abraham.

And if you know of any talented men among them,
Pharaoh's request for skilled men among Joseph's family highlights the value placed on talent and ability. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God using individuals' skills and gifts for His purposes. It also suggests that the Israelites were known for their abilities, which would later be seen in their contributions to Egyptian society and their own community.

put them in charge of my own livestock.”
This directive shows Pharaoh's trust in Joseph's family and their expertise in livestock management. It also indicates the importance of livestock in Egypt's economy and daily life. This responsibility given to the Israelites foreshadows their future role as shepherds and leaders, and it parallels the way God entrusts His people with responsibilities to fulfill His plans.

Then Joseph brought in his father Jacob
Joseph, having risen to a position of power in Egypt, demonstrates his respect and honor for his father by personally bringing him before Pharaoh. This act signifies the importance of family ties and the fulfillment of Joseph's earlier dreams where his family would bow to him, as seen in Genesis 37:9-10. It also highlights the providence of God in preserving the family line through Joseph's leadership.

and presented him before Pharaoh
The presentation of Jacob to Pharaoh is significant as it represents the meeting of two patriarchal figures: Jacob, the patriarch of the Israelites, and Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt. This encounter underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be a blessing to the nations (Genesis 12:3). The cultural context of the time would have seen this as an honor, as Pharaoh was considered a god-like figure in Egypt.

and Jacob blessed Pharaoh
Jacob's blessing of Pharaoh is a profound moment, as it reverses the expected order; typically, the greater blesses the lesser (Hebrews 7:7). This act can be seen as a fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant, where Abraham's descendants are to be a blessing to all nations. Jacob, as a patriarch, carries the authority of God's promise, and his blessing signifies the spiritual authority and favor of God upon Pharaoh and Egypt during this time of famine. This blessing also prefigures the role of Jesus Christ, who blesses all nations through His sacrifice and resurrection.

How many years have you lived?
Pharaoh asked Jacob this question during a significant moment in biblical history. Jacob, also known as Israel, had come to Egypt with his family due to a severe famine in Canaan. This encounter between Pharaoh and Jacob highlights the respect and curiosity Pharaoh had for Jacob, who was the patriarch of the Israelites.

In the ancient Near Eastern context, age was often associated with wisdom and divine favor. Pharaoh's question reflects a cultural respect for elders and an acknowledgment of Jacob's status. This moment also underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a foreign land (Genesis 15:13).

Jacob's response, which follows in the subsequent verses, reveals his perspective on his life as a sojourner, emphasizing the transient nature of human existence. This theme resonates with other biblical passages, such as Psalm 39:12 and Hebrews 11:13, where believers are described as strangers and pilgrims on the earth.

The interaction between Pharaoh and Jacob can also be seen as a type of Christ, where Jacob, representing the people of God, is received and provided for by a foreign ruler, prefiguring the acceptance and provision found in Christ for all nations. My travels have lasted 130 years,
Jacob's reference to his "travels" highlights the nomadic lifestyle of the patriarchs, reflecting the transient nature of life on earth. At 130 years old, Jacob's lifespan is significant, yet it is shorter compared to his ancestors. This phrase underscores the biblical theme of pilgrimage, as seen in Hebrews 11:13, where the patriarchs are described as "strangers and exiles on the earth."

Jacob replied.
This interaction occurs during Jacob's audience with Pharaoh in Egypt, a pivotal moment in the narrative of Joseph. Jacob's response is humble and reflective, contrasting with the grandeur of Pharaoh's court. It demonstrates the patriarch's awareness of his place in God's unfolding plan, despite his personal hardships.

My years have been few and hard,
Jacob's life was marked by struggle and adversity, including conflicts with Esau, Laban's deception, and the loss of Joseph. This acknowledgment of hardship aligns with the biblical understanding of life as a "vapor" (James 4:14) and the trials faced by God's people. It also reflects the human condition post-Fall, where life is often fraught with difficulty.

and they have not matched the years of the travels of my fathers.
Jacob compares his lifespan to that of his forefathers, Abraham and Isaac, who lived 175 and 180 years, respectively. This comparison highlights the decline in human longevity post-Flood, as recorded in Genesis. It also emphasizes the continuity of God's covenant through generations, despite the brevity and challenges of life. Jacob's acknowledgment of his fathers' longer lives serves as a reminder of the enduring faithfulness of God across generations.

Then Jacob blessed Pharaoh
Jacob, also known as Israel, is the patriarch of the Israelites. His blessing of Pharaoh is significant as it demonstrates the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be a blessing to the nations (Genesis 12:3). In the ancient Near Eastern context, blessings were powerful and often seen as conveying divine favor. Jacob, despite being a foreigner and a shepherd—an occupation despised by Egyptians—holds a position of spiritual authority in this encounter. This act of blessing also reflects the respect and gratitude Jacob has for Pharaoh, who has provided refuge and sustenance for his family during the famine. Theologically, this moment foreshadows the role of Israel as a light to the nations, a theme that is further developed in the prophetic literature (Isaiah 42:6).

and departed from his presence.
Jacob's departure from Pharaoh's presence marks the end of a significant encounter between the patriarch of the Israelites and the ruler of Egypt. This meeting underscores the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between Jacob's family and the Egyptians at this time. Historically, this period of favor towards the Israelites in Egypt would eventually change, leading to their enslavement as described in Exodus. Theologically, Jacob's departure can be seen as a type of Christ, who, after blessing humanity through His life and sacrifice, ascended and departed from the earthly realm, promising to return. This departure also signifies the transient nature of earthly life and the pilgrim journey of God's people, a theme echoed throughout Scripture (Hebrews 11:13-16).

So Joseph settled his father and brothers in the land of Egypt
Joseph, having risen to a position of power in Egypt, fulfills his role as a provider and protector for his family. This act of settling his family in Egypt is significant as it marks the beginning of the Israelites' sojourn in a foreign land, which would eventually lead to their enslavement and the Exodus. Joseph's actions reflect the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a land not their own (Genesis 15:13). This also prefigures Christ, who provides for His people and prepares a place for them (John 14:2-3).

and gave them property in the best part of the land
Joseph's provision of the best land demonstrates his favor and the special status of his family in Egypt. This best part of the land is often associated with the fertile region of Goshen, which was ideal for their pastoral lifestyle. This act of generosity can be seen as a type of Christ's provision for His followers, offering them abundant life (John 10:10).

the district of Rameses
The mention of Rameses is an anachronism, as the city of Rameses was named after the later Pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty. This suggests that the text was updated to reflect the known geography of the time of writing. The district of Rameses is traditionally identified with the region of Goshen, a fertile area in the Nile Delta. This location provided the Israelites with the resources needed to thrive and multiply, setting the stage for their eventual oppression and deliverance.

as Pharaoh had commanded
Pharaoh's command underscores the authority and influence Joseph wielded in Egypt. It also highlights the divine orchestration behind the events, as God used Joseph's position to preserve His chosen people. This command can be seen as a parallel to God's sovereign will, ensuring the survival and growth of the Israelites in preparation for their future exodus and fulfillment of His promises.

Joseph also provided his father and brothers
Joseph, as the second most powerful man in Egypt, fulfills his role as a provider and protector for his family. This act of provision is significant in the context of the famine that has gripped the land. Joseph's actions reflect the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be preserved. Joseph's role as a provider is a type of Christ, who provides for His people spiritually and physically.

and all his father’s household
The term "household" includes not only immediate family but also extended family and servants. This reflects the patriarchal structure of ancient Near Eastern societies, where the family unit was central to social and economic life. Joseph's care for the entire household underscores the importance of family unity and responsibility.

with food for their families
The provision of food during a time of severe famine highlights Joseph's wisdom and foresight, as he had previously stored grain during the years of plenty. This act of provision is reminiscent of God's provision for the Israelites in the wilderness with manna. It also foreshadows the spiritual sustenance that Christ provides, as He is the "bread of life" (John 6:35). The physical sustenance Joseph provides is a tangible expression of God's faithfulness and care for His covenant people.

There was no food, however, in all that region
This phrase highlights the severity of the famine affecting the entire region. Famines were not uncommon in the ancient Near East due to reliance on seasonal rains and the Nile's inundation. This particular famine was prophesied by Joseph (Genesis 41:30) and serves as a backdrop for God's providential care for His people. The lack of food emphasizes the dire circumstances that led to the centralization of power in Egypt under Joseph's administration.

because the famine was so severe
The severity of the famine underscores the fulfillment of Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams (Genesis 41:25-32). It was a divine orchestration to bring Jacob's family to Egypt, setting the stage for the Israelites' eventual growth into a great nation. The famine's intensity also serves as a reminder of human vulnerability and the need for reliance on God's provision.

the lands of Egypt and Canaan had been exhausted by the famine
This phrase indicates the widespread impact of the famine, affecting both Egypt and Canaan. Egypt, typically a breadbasket due to the Nile, was also suffering, which highlights the extraordinary nature of this famine. Canaan's inclusion shows the interconnectedness of the region and sets the stage for the Israelites' migration to Egypt. This movement is significant in biblical history, as it fulfills God's promise to Abraham about his descendants' sojourn in a foreign land (Genesis 15:13). The exhaustion of the lands also prefigures the spiritual barrenness that can occur without God's intervention, pointing to the need for a savior, a role ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

Joseph collected all the money to be found in the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan
Joseph, as the governor of Egypt, was responsible for managing the resources during the severe famine. This phrase highlights his administrative skills and the centralization of economic power. The famine affected both Egypt and Canaan, indicating the widespread nature of the crisis. Joseph's actions here can be seen as a fulfillment of the dreams he interpreted for Pharaoh, where he foresaw seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine (Genesis 41:25-30). This collection of money signifies the transfer of wealth and resources to Egypt, which would later play a role in the Israelites' eventual enslavement, as they became economically dependent on Egypt.

in exchange for the grain they were buying
The exchange of money for grain underscores the severity of the famine and the desperation of the people. Grain, a staple food, became a precious commodity, and Joseph's management ensured that Egypt had enough stored to sell. This transaction also reflects the economic practices of the time, where barter and trade were common, but money was increasingly used as a medium of exchange. The situation foreshadows the later economic policies Joseph would implement, including the exchange of livestock and land for food, further consolidating Pharaoh's power (Genesis 47:16-20).

and he brought it into Pharaoh’s palace
Joseph's loyalty to Pharaoh is evident as he brings the collected money into Pharaoh's palace, signifying the centralization of wealth and power. The palace, as the seat of Pharaoh's authority, becomes the repository of the nation's wealth. This act not only demonstrates Joseph's integrity and faithfulness in his role but also sets the stage for the Israelites' eventual enslavement, as the centralization of power in Pharaoh's hands would later lead to their oppression. The palace, in this context, symbolizes the growing power of the Egyptian state, which would become a significant player in the biblical narrative, especially in the Exodus story.

When the money from the lands of Egypt and Canaan was gone
This phrase indicates a severe economic crisis affecting both Egypt and Canaan, highlighting the widespread impact of the famine. The depletion of money suggests a barter economy was in place, where money was initially used to purchase grain until it was exhausted. This situation sets the stage for Joseph's administrative skills to shine, as he manages resources during a time of scarcity. The mention of Canaan alongside Egypt underscores the regional nature of the famine, as previously described in Genesis 41:57, where all countries came to Egypt to buy grain.

all the Egyptians came to Joseph and said
Joseph, as the vizier of Egypt, held significant authority and was responsible for the distribution of food. This reflects the trust Pharaoh placed in Joseph, as seen in Genesis 41:40-41, where Joseph was appointed over Pharaoh's house and all the land of Egypt. The Egyptians approaching Joseph directly indicates his central role in the crisis management and the people's reliance on his leadership.

“Give us food. Why should we die before your eyes?
The plea for food is a desperate cry for survival, emphasizing the severity of the famine. The Egyptians' direct appeal to Joseph highlights their dependence on his mercy and the centralized control of resources. This situation foreshadows the Israelites' future dependence on God for sustenance, as seen in the wilderness wanderings (Exodus 16). The phrase "before your eyes" suggests an appeal to Joseph's compassion and sense of responsibility.

For our funds have run out!”
The exhaustion of funds signifies the complete depletion of personal resources, forcing the Egyptians to seek alternative means of survival. This economic desperation sets the stage for the subsequent exchange of livestock, land, and eventually servitude for sustenance, as detailed in Genesis 47:16-25. This mirrors the spiritual bankruptcy humanity faces without divine intervention, pointing to the need for a savior, a role fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who provides for our spiritual needs (John 6:35).

Then bring me your livestock,
Joseph, as the governor of Egypt, is managing the resources during a severe famine. This request reflects the economic practices of the time, where livestock was a valuable asset. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, livestock represented wealth and sustenance. Joseph's strategy ensures that the people have food while maintaining the economic stability of Egypt. This also foreshadows the later development of a more centralized economy under Pharaoh's control.

said Joseph.
Joseph, a Hebrew who rose to power in Egypt, is a type of Christ in his role as a savior during the famine. His wisdom and discernment are evident as he navigates the crisis. Joseph's leadership is a fulfillment of the dreams he had as a youth, where he saw his family bowing to him, symbolizing his authority and provision.

Since the money is gone,
The depletion of money indicates the severity of the famine and the desperation of the people. This situation highlights the limitations of material wealth in times of crisis. It also sets the stage for a shift from a monetary economy to a barter system, which was common in ancient times when currency was scarce.

I will sell you food in exchange for your livestock.
Joseph's proposal is both practical and compassionate. By accepting livestock, he provides a means for the people to survive while also ensuring that Egypt's resources are not depleted. This exchange system reflects the economic adaptations necessary during prolonged famines. It also demonstrates Joseph's role as a wise steward, ensuring that both the people and the state are sustained. This act of provision can be seen as a parallel to Christ's provision for humanity, offering sustenance and life in times of spiritual famine.

So they brought their livestock to Joseph
In the context of a severe famine, the people of Egypt and Canaan were desperate for sustenance. Joseph, who had been appointed by Pharaoh to oversee the distribution of grain, became the central figure in managing the crisis. The act of bringing livestock to Joseph signifies the people's trust in his leadership and the Egyptian government's control over resources. This exchange highlights the economic practices of the time, where livestock was a valuable asset and a form of currency.

and he gave them food in exchange for their horses, their flocks and herds, and their donkeys
This transaction reflects the dire circumstances of the famine, where people were willing to trade essential means of livelihood for survival. Horses, flocks, herds, and donkeys were crucial for transportation, agriculture, and daily life. The exchange underscores the severity of the famine and the people's reliance on Joseph's wisdom and provision. It also illustrates the shift in wealth and resources to the central authority, foreshadowing the eventual enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt.

Throughout that year he provided them with food in exchange for all their livestock
Joseph's management of the crisis extended over a significant period, indicating the prolonged nature of the famine. His ability to provide food consistently demonstrates his administrative skills and the fulfillment of God's plan to preserve the people through Joseph. This provision can be seen as a type of Christ, who offers sustenance and salvation to those in need. The complete exchange of livestock for food also signifies the people's total dependence on Joseph, paralleling the spiritual dependence believers have on Christ for sustenance and life.

When that year was over
This phrase indicates the passage of time during the severe famine in Egypt. The famine, which Joseph had predicted, lasted seven years. The completion of a year suggests the ongoing struggle for survival and the depletion of resources among the people.

they came to him the second year and said
The people approached Joseph, who was the governor of Egypt and responsible for distributing food. This reflects the centralized power and control Joseph held, a position given to him by Pharaoh due to his God-given ability to interpret dreams and manage the crisis.

“We cannot hide from our lord that our money is gone
The people openly confess their financial destitution to Joseph, acknowledging his authority. This transparency highlights their desperation and the complete exhaustion of their monetary resources, which they had initially used to buy grain.

and all our livestock belongs to you
Previously, the Egyptians had traded their livestock for food. This transaction shows the severity of the famine and the extent to which the people were willing to go to survive. It also reflects the economic shift and consolidation of wealth and resources under Joseph's administration.

There is nothing left for our lord except our bodies and our land
This statement underscores the dire situation faced by the Egyptians. They offer themselves and their land as a last resort, which foreshadows the eventual servitude and land acquisition by Pharaoh. This mirrors the later enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt, drawing a parallel to their future plight. The mention of "bodies and land" also alludes to the concept of total surrender and dependency, which can be seen as a type of spiritual submission to God.

Why should we perish before your eyes—we and our land as well?
This phrase reflects the desperation of the Egyptian people during the severe famine that Joseph had predicted. The famine was so intense that it affected not only individuals but also the land itself, which was the source of sustenance and economic stability. The plea highlights the dire situation and the people's willingness to do whatever it takes to survive. This moment underscores the fulfillment of Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams, demonstrating God's sovereignty and the accuracy of divine revelation.

Purchase us and our land in exchange for food.
The Egyptians propose a transaction that involves selling themselves and their land to Pharaoh in exchange for sustenance. This reflects the ancient Near Eastern practice where land and labor could be exchanged for goods, especially in times of crisis. It also illustrates the extent of the famine's impact, forcing people to give up their freedom and property. This act of selling themselves into servitude foreshadows the later enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt, creating a parallel between the two narratives.

Then we, along with our land, will be slaves to Pharaoh.
The willingness to become slaves to Pharaoh indicates the severity of the famine and the lack of alternatives. This situation sets the stage for the centralization of power in Egypt, as Pharaoh gains control over both the people and the land. It also serves as a backdrop for understanding the later enslavement of the Israelites, providing a historical context for the socio-political dynamics in Egypt. Theologically, it can be seen as a contrast to the freedom that God offers His people, highlighting the bondage of sin and the need for divine deliverance.

Give us seed that we may live and not die, and that the land may not become desolate.
The request for seed signifies a hope for future restoration and survival. Seed represents the potential for new life and the continuation of agricultural productivity. This plea emphasizes the importance of sustenance and the desire to prevent the land from becoming barren. In a broader biblical context, seed often symbolizes the promise of future generations and God's provision. This request can be seen as a precursor to the Israelites' reliance on God's provision during their wilderness journey, where manna was provided to sustain them.

So Joseph acquired for Pharaoh all the land in Egypt;
Joseph, as the vizier of Egypt, acted on behalf of Pharaoh, consolidating power and resources during a time of crisis. This acquisition of land reflects the centralization of authority, a common practice in ancient Near Eastern monarchies. Joseph's actions can be seen as a fulfillment of the dreams he interpreted for Pharaoh, where he foresaw the need to prepare for a severe famine. This centralization also foreshadows the later enslavement of the Israelites, as the Egyptians themselves become dependent on Pharaoh's provisions. Joseph's role as a savior figure during the famine can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides spiritual sustenance and salvation.

the Egyptians, one and all, sold their fields because the famine was so severe upon them.
The severity of the famine forced the Egyptians to sell their land, highlighting the desperation and dire circumstances they faced. This reflects the historical reality of famines in the ancient world, which often led to significant social and economic upheaval. The phrase "one and all" emphasizes the widespread impact of the famine, affecting every level of society. This situation can be compared to the spiritual famine described in Amos 8:11, where there is a lack of hearing the words of the Lord. The Egyptians' willingness to sell their fields underscores the theme of reliance on a higher power for survival, paralleling the spiritual dependence on God.

The land became Pharaoh’s,
The transfer of land ownership to Pharaoh signifies a shift in economic and social structures, with Pharaoh gaining unprecedented control over the resources of Egypt. This centralization of land under Pharaoh's control can be seen as a precursor to the later enslavement of the Israelites, as it sets a precedent for the absolute authority of the Egyptian ruler. Theologically, this can be viewed as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all creation, as ultimately, all land and resources belong to Him. The consolidation of land under Pharaoh also serves as a backdrop for the eventual Exodus, where God demonstrates His power and authority over earthly rulers.

and Joseph reduced the people to servitude
In this context, Joseph's actions were a response to the severe famine that had struck Egypt and the surrounding regions. The people had exhausted their money and livestock to buy grain, and as a last resort, they offered themselves and their land to Pharaoh in exchange for food. This servitude was a form of indentured servitude rather than slavery, as the people retained some rights and were able to work the land. Joseph's management of the crisis reflects his wisdom and administrative skills, which were recognized by Pharaoh. This event also foreshadows the later enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt, as seen in Exodus 1:8-14, highlighting the cyclical nature of servitude and liberation in biblical history.

from one end of Egypt to the other
This phrase emphasizes the widespread impact of the famine and Joseph's policies across the entire nation of Egypt. Geographically, Egypt was a significant and powerful kingdom, stretching from the Nile Delta in the north to the cataracts of the Nile in the south. The phrase indicates that Joseph's actions affected all regions, demonstrating the centralization of power under Pharaoh's rule. Historically, Egypt was known for its agricultural wealth, primarily due to the Nile River, which made the famine particularly devastating. This centralization and control over resources can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides sustenance and salvation to all who come to Him, as seen in John 6:35, where Jesus declares Himself the bread of life.

However, he did not acquire the priests’ portion of the land
In the context of Genesis 47, Joseph, acting on behalf of Pharaoh, acquired all the land in Egypt during a severe famine, except for the land belonging to the priests. This exemption highlights the special status of the priestly class in ancient Egypt, who were often supported by the state. This reflects a broader biblical theme where religious leaders are set apart, as seen in the Levitical priesthood in Israel (Numbers 18:20-24). The priests' exemption from land acquisition underscores their societal role and the respect afforded to religious duties.

for it had been given to them by Pharaoh
Pharaoh's provision for the priests indicates the centralized power of the Egyptian monarchy and its role in maintaining religious institutions. This mirrors the later provision for the Levites in Israel, who were given cities and pasturelands (Joshua 21) but not a tribal inheritance, as their portion was the Lord. The Pharaoh's support of the priests can be seen as a type of divine provision, prefiguring God's care for His chosen servants.

They ate the rations that Pharaoh supplied
The priests' sustenance through Pharaoh's rations reflects the dependency of religious institutions on the state in ancient Egypt. This arrangement ensured the priests' loyalty and the continuation of religious practices. In a broader biblical context, this can be compared to God's provision for His people, such as the manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16). It also foreshadows the New Testament teaching of God supplying the needs of His servants (Philippians 4:19).

so they did not sell their land
The priests' retention of their land signifies their stable and privileged position in Egyptian society. Unlike the common people who sold their land to survive the famine, the priests' land remained intact, symbolizing the enduring nature of their religious office. This can be contrasted with the Israelites' later experience in Canaan, where land inheritance was tied to covenant faithfulness (Leviticus 25:23-28). The preservation of the priests' land serves as a reminder of the enduring provision for those dedicated to spiritual service.

Then Joseph said to the people
Joseph, the son of Jacob, is now a powerful figure in Egypt, second only to Pharaoh. This phrase highlights his role as an intermediary between the Egyptian people and Pharaoh. Joseph's leadership and wisdom are evident as he navigates the challenges of a severe famine. His actions are a fulfillment of the dreams he had as a young man, where he saw his family bowing to him, symbolizing his future authority and responsibility.

Now that I have acquired you and your land for Pharaoh this day
This statement reflects the economic and social conditions of the time. Due to the severe famine, the Egyptians had sold their livestock, land, and even themselves to Pharaoh in exchange for food. This transaction indicates the centralization of power and resources under Pharaoh's control, facilitated by Joseph. It also underscores the desperation of the people and the extent of the famine's impact. The acquisition of land and people for Pharaoh can be seen as a precursor to the later enslavement of the Israelites, setting a historical context for the eventual Exodus.

here is seed for you to sow in the land
Joseph provides the people with seed, ensuring their survival and the continuation of agricultural productivity. This act of giving seed is significant as it represents hope and the possibility of renewal after a period of hardship. It also reflects Joseph's strategic planning and foresight, as he ensures that the people can sustain themselves and contribute to the economy once the famine ends. The provision of seed can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides spiritual sustenance and hope for renewal. This act of provision parallels the biblical theme of God providing for His people, as seen in other scriptures such as the manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16) and Jesus feeding the 5,000 (Matthew 14:13-21).

At harvest time
This phrase indicates a specific period in the agricultural cycle, crucial in ancient Egypt, where the Nile's flooding determined planting and harvesting times. The harvest was a time of both celebration and obligation, as it was when the fruits of labor were gathered and debts or taxes were settled.

you are to give a fifth of it to Pharaoh
This directive reflects the economic system established by Joseph during the famine. The 20% tax was a form of tribute to Pharaoh, ensuring the centralization of resources. This system highlights Joseph's administrative skills and the consolidation of power in Egypt, which was common in ancient Near Eastern monarchies. It also prefigures the concept of tithing, a practice later formalized in Mosaic Law.

and four-fifths will be yours
The allocation of the remaining 80% to the people demonstrates a balance between state control and personal sustenance. This division ensured that the people had enough resources to sustain themselves and continue farming, reflecting a pragmatic approach to governance and resource management.

as seed for the field
This portion was essential for future planting, ensuring the continuity of agricultural productivity. It underscores the importance of planning and foresight, principles that are echoed in Proverbs 6:6-8, which advises diligence and preparation.

and food for yourselves
This phrase emphasizes the provision for personal sustenance. It reflects the biblical principle of God providing for His people, as seen in Matthew 6:11, where Jesus teaches to pray for daily bread, symbolizing trust in God's provision.

and your households
The mention of households indicates the broader family unit, including extended family and servants, which was the basic social structure in ancient times. This reflects the biblical emphasis on family responsibility and care, as seen in 1 Timothy 5:8.

and children
Children are highlighted as a specific group to be provided for, underscoring their importance in biblical narratives. This reflects the value placed on future generations, as seen in Psalm 127:3, which describes children as a heritage from the Lord.

“You have saved our lives,” they said.
This phrase reflects the gratitude of the Egyptian people towards Joseph, who, through his God-given wisdom, managed the resources of Egypt during a severe famine. Joseph's actions can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides salvation and sustenance to humanity. The context here is the seven-year famine that followed seven years of plenty, as interpreted by Joseph from Pharaoh's dreams (Genesis 41). Joseph's strategic planning ensured that Egypt had enough grain, saving countless lives. This mirrors the spiritual salvation offered by Jesus, who saves humanity from spiritual death.

“We have found favor in our lord’s eyes,”
The Egyptians acknowledge the grace and favor they have received from Joseph, who is acting as Pharaoh's representative. This phrase highlights the theme of finding favor, which is recurrent in the Bible. For instance, Noah found favor in the eyes of the Lord (Genesis 6:8), and Mary found favor with God (Luke 1:30). In a broader sense, it reflects the biblical principle that those who act righteously and wisely often find favor with both God and man. Joseph's integrity and wisdom earned him a position of high authority, and through him, the Egyptians experienced the benefits of divine favor.

“and we will be Pharaoh’s servants.”
This statement signifies the Egyptians' willingness to submit to Pharaoh's authority in exchange for their survival. Historically, this reflects the socio-political structure of ancient Egypt, where Pharaoh was considered a god-king, and the people were his subjects. Theologically, this can be seen as a parallel to the Christian concept of servitude to Christ. Just as the Egyptians became servants to Pharaoh, believers are called to be servants of Christ, acknowledging His lordship in their lives. This servitude is not burdensome but is a response to the grace and salvation received, much like the Egyptians' response to Joseph's life-saving actions.

So Joseph established a law
Joseph, as a key administrator in Egypt, had the authority to implement laws. This reflects his high status and the trust Pharaoh placed in him. His role as a lawgiver can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate lawgiver in the New Testament (Matthew 5:17).

that a fifth of the produce belongs to Pharaoh
The imposition of a 20% tax on produce was a strategic move to ensure the survival of Egypt during the famine. This tax can be compared to the tithe system in Israel, where a portion of produce was given to support the Levites and the temple (Leviticus 27:30-32). It highlights the importance of stewardship and provision in times of need.

and it is in effect in the land of Egypt to this day
This phrase indicates the lasting impact of Joseph's policies. Historically, it suggests that Joseph's economic reforms were successful and became a permanent part of Egyptian governance. It also underscores the enduring influence of Joseph's wisdom and leadership.

Only the priests’ land does not belong to Pharaoh
The exemption of the priests' land from Pharaoh's ownership reflects the high status and influence of religious leaders in ancient Egypt. This parallels the special status of the Levitical priests in Israel, who were also provided for by the community (Numbers 18:20-24). It highlights the separation of religious and secular authority, a theme that recurs throughout biblical history.

Now the Israelites settled in the land of Egypt, in the region of Goshen.
The Israelites' settlement in Egypt marks a significant moment in biblical history, fulfilling God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a foreign land (Genesis 15:13). Goshen, located in the northeastern part of Egypt, was a fertile area ideal for shepherding, which suited the Israelites' pastoral lifestyle. This region provided a safe haven during the famine and allowed them to maintain their distinct cultural and religious identity. The choice of Goshen also reflects Joseph's influence in Pharaoh's court, as he secured this prime location for his family. This settlement foreshadows the eventual Exodus, as the Israelites' time in Egypt was both a period of growth and a precursor to their deliverance.

They acquired property there
The acquisition of property indicates a level of acceptance and integration into Egyptian society, albeit temporarily. This was unusual for foreigners, suggesting that Joseph's high status afforded his family special privileges. This phrase also highlights God's provision and blessing, as the Israelites were able to thrive even in a foreign land. The ability to own property would have provided stability and a means to support their growing numbers, setting the stage for their eventual departure as a substantial nation.

and became fruitful and increased greatly in number.
This phrase echoes the creation mandate in Genesis 1:28, where God commands humanity to be fruitful and multiply. It also recalls God's promise to Abraham in Genesis 12:2 and 15:5, that his descendants would be as numerous as the stars. The rapid growth of the Israelites in Egypt is a testament to God's faithfulness and blessing. This increase in numbers would later be seen as a threat by a new Pharaoh, leading to their enslavement (Exodus 1:8-10). The phrase also typologically points to the growth of the Church, as believers are called to multiply spiritually and spread the Gospel throughout the world.

And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years
Jacob's relocation to Egypt was a significant event in the history of Israel. This move was orchestrated by God to preserve Jacob's family during a severe famine, as Joseph, Jacob's son, had risen to power in Egypt. The seventeen years Jacob spent in Egypt were marked by peace and prosperity, contrasting with the earlier years of his life filled with struggle and hardship. This period allowed Jacob to witness the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding the preservation and growth of his descendants. The number seventeen in biblical numerology often symbolizes overcoming the enemy and complete victory, reflecting Jacob's peaceful end after a life of trials.

and the length of his life was 147 years
Jacob's lifespan of 147 years is significant in the context of the patriarchal narratives. His life was shorter than that of his father Isaac, who lived 180 years, and his grandfather Abraham, who lived 175 years. This decline in lifespan among the patriarchs is often seen as a reflection of the increasing effects of sin in the world. Jacob's life, filled with personal and familial struggles, is a testament to God's faithfulness despite human frailty. His age at death also underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to make him a great nation, as he lived to see his family grow and prosper in Egypt. Jacob's life and death prefigure the eventual exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, pointing to God's redemptive plan for His people.

When the time drew near for Israel to die
This phrase indicates the approaching death of Jacob, also known as Israel. The name "Israel" signifies his role as the patriarch of the twelve tribes. His impending death marks a significant transition in the narrative of the Israelites. The awareness of his mortality prompts him to make arrangements for his burial, reflecting the importance of burial customs in ancient Near Eastern culture.

he called his son Joseph
Joseph, the favored son of Jacob, holds a position of power in Egypt as second only to Pharaoh. Jacob's summoning of Joseph highlights the special relationship between them and Joseph's ability to fulfill his father's wishes due to his authority. This also underscores the theme of family unity and the continuation of God's covenant through Joseph's line.

and said to him, “If I have found favor in your eyes
This phrase is a formal request, showing humility and respect. It reflects the cultural norms of the time, where seeking favor was a way to ensure cooperation and goodwill. The phrase is reminiscent of similar requests made by biblical figures seeking assurance or assistance, such as Ruth with Boaz.

put your hand under my thigh
This gesture was a customary oath-taking practice in the ancient Near East, symbolizing a solemn promise. It is also seen in Genesis 24:2-3 when Abraham makes his servant swear an oath. The act signifies the seriousness of the commitment being made, often related to matters of great importance, such as family lineage and covenant promises.

and promise to show me kindness and faithfulness
The terms "kindness" and "faithfulness" are covenantal language, often associated with God's steadfast love and loyalty. Jacob is asking Joseph to act in accordance with these divine attributes, ensuring that his burial wishes are honored. This reflects the broader biblical theme of covenant loyalty and the expectation of mutual faithfulness among God's people.

Do not bury me in Egypt
Jacob's request not to be buried in Egypt emphasizes his desire to be laid to rest in the Promised Land, Canaan, where his ancestors were buried. This reflects the patriarchal hope in God's promises regarding the land. It also foreshadows the eventual exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, highlighting the temporary nature of their sojourn there and their ultimate return to the land God promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

but when I lie down with my fathers
This phrase indicates Jacob's desire to be buried with his ancestors, reflecting the Hebrew tradition of family burial sites. "Lie down with my fathers" is a euphemism for death, emphasizing continuity with the patriarchs Abraham and Isaac. This reflects the importance of family lineage and the covenant promises given to Abraham (Genesis 15:15). It also underscores the belief in an afterlife and the hope of resurrection, as seen in the faith of the patriarchs.

carry me out of Egypt
Jacob's request to be taken out of Egypt signifies his desire not to be permanently associated with a foreign land, despite Egypt being a place of refuge during famine. This reflects the Israelites' understanding of Egypt as a temporary dwelling, not their promised land. It foreshadows the Exodus, where God would lead the Israelites out of Egypt to the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Exodus 3:8).

and bury me with them.
Jacob's wish to be buried in the cave of Machpelah in Canaan, where Abraham and Isaac were buried (Genesis 49:29-32), highlights the significance of the Promised Land. This burial site, purchased by Abraham (Genesis 23:17-20), symbolizes the permanence of God's covenant. It also serves as a physical reminder of God's promises and the hope of future fulfillment.

Joseph answered,
Joseph's response to his father's request demonstrates his respect and obedience, reflecting the biblical principle of honoring one's parents (Exodus 20:12). Joseph, as a type of Christ, shows compassion and faithfulness, mirroring Jesus' obedience to the Father (John 6:38).

“I will do as you have requested.”
Joseph's commitment to fulfill Jacob's request underscores the importance of oath-keeping and integrity. It also illustrates the theme of faithfulness to family and God's promises. Joseph's assurance can be seen as a parallel to Christ's promise to fulfill the Father's will and secure the inheritance for His people (Hebrews 9:15).

“Swear to me,” Jacob said.
Jacob, also known as Israel, is nearing the end of his life and is deeply concerned about his burial place. This request for an oath reflects the seriousness of his desire to be buried in the land of Canaan, the land promised to his descendants by God. The act of swearing an oath was a solemn and binding agreement in ancient Near Eastern culture, often invoking the name of God as a witness. This reflects the importance Jacob places on the covenant promises and his desire to be associated with the land of promise even in death.

So Joseph swore to him,
Joseph, as the favored son and a man of integrity, honors his father's request. His willingness to swear an oath demonstrates his respect for his father and his commitment to fulfilling Jacob's wishes. This act also signifies Joseph's acknowledgment of the importance of the covenant promises tied to the land of Canaan. Joseph's position in Egypt as a powerful leader does not diminish his connection to his heritage and the promises given to his forefathers.

and Israel bowed in worship at the head of his bed.
The name "Israel" is used here, emphasizing Jacob's role as the patriarch of the nation. His act of bowing in worship signifies his deep faith and gratitude towards God for His faithfulness throughout his life. This moment of worship at the end of his life reflects Jacob's acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises. The phrase "at the head of his bed" indicates Jacob's frailty and impending death, yet even in his weakness, he demonstrates a posture of reverence and trust in God. This act can be seen as a type of Christ, who, in His own death, demonstrated ultimate trust and submission to the Father's will.