This is the text of the letter
Jeremiah 29:1 begins with a reference to a letter, indicating a written communication. In the ancient Near East, letters were a common means of communication, especially over long distances. This letter is significant as it conveys God's message through Jeremiah to the exiles in Babylon, emphasizing the importance of written prophecy in the transmission of divine will.

that Jeremiah the prophet sent
Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," was called by God to deliver messages of judgment and hope to Judah. His role as a prophet was to be a mouthpiece for God, often delivering unpopular messages. This letter is part of his prophetic ministry, showing his obedience to God's command to communicate with the exiles.

from Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, was the center of Jewish religious life and the location of the Temple. At this time, it was under threat from Babylonian forces. Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem, symbolizing his commitment to his people and his role as a prophet to those who remained in the land.

to the surviving elders among the exiles
The "surviving elders" refers to the leaders who were taken into exile. Elders held positions of authority and were responsible for maintaining order and tradition among the people. Their survival indicates that not all were killed or left behind, and they played a crucial role in the community's continuity in exile.

and to the priests, the prophets,
The inclusion of priests and prophets highlights the religious leadership among the exiles. Priests were responsible for maintaining worship and religious practices, while prophets were expected to provide divine guidance. This letter addresses both groups, emphasizing the need for spiritual leadership even in a foreign land.

and all the others Nebuchadnezzar had carried into exile
Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, was responsible for the exile of the Jewish people. This phrase underscores the historical context of the Babylonian captivity, a pivotal event in Jewish history. The exile was a fulfillment of prophetic warnings and served as a period of punishment and purification for the nation.

from Jerusalem to Babylon.
The journey from Jerusalem to Babylon was not just a physical relocation but a significant spiritual and cultural shift. Babylon, a symbol of worldly power and idolatry, contrasted sharply with Jerusalem, the city of God. This relocation tested the faith and identity of the Jewish people, challenging them to maintain their covenant relationship with God in a foreign land.

This was after King Jeconiah
King Jeconiah, also known as Jehoiachin, was the king of Judah who reigned for a brief period before being taken into Babylonian captivity. His reign marked a significant turning point in Judah's history, as it led to the first major deportation of the Jewish people. Jeconiah's exile fulfilled the prophecy given by Jeremiah and other prophets about the impending judgment on Judah due to their disobedience and idolatry (2 Kings 24:8-16). His captivity is also mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus Christ in Matthew 1:11-12, showing the continuation of David's line despite the exile.

the queen mother
The queen mother, likely Nehushta, the mother of Jeconiah, held a significant position in the royal court. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the queen mother often wielded considerable influence and authority. Her mention here underscores the completeness of the exile, affecting not only the king but also his family and those in positions of power.

the court officials
The court officials, or royal advisors, were key figures in the administration of the kingdom. Their exile indicates the dismantling of the existing political structure in Judah. This removal of leadership was part of God's judgment, as these officials often led the people astray through poor counsel and idolatrous practices (Jeremiah 38:25-27).

the officials of Judah and Jerusalem
These officials included leaders from both the broader region of Judah and the city of Jerusalem. Their deportation highlights the widespread impact of the Babylonian conquest, affecting both the rural and urban centers of Jewish life. This event fulfilled Jeremiah's warnings about the consequences of the nation's unfaithfulness (Jeremiah 25:8-11).

the craftsmen, and the metalsmiths
The craftsmen and metalsmiths were skilled laborers essential for the economy and defense of the nation. Their exile to Babylon served a dual purpose: it weakened Judah's ability to rebuild and resist further attacks, and it enriched Babylon with skilled workers. This strategic move by Nebuchadnezzar ensured that Judah remained subjugated and dependent (2 Kings 24:14).

had been exiled from Jerusalem
The exile from Jerusalem was a pivotal moment in Jewish history, marking the beginning of the Babylonian Captivity. This event was a direct consequence of the nation's persistent sin and rejection of God's covenant. It also set the stage for future prophecies concerning the return and restoration of Israel, as well as the coming of the Messiah, who would ultimately fulfill God's promises to His people (Jeremiah 29:10-14).

The letter was entrusted to Elasah son of Shaphan and Gemariah son of Hilkiah
This phrase indicates the careful selection of messengers for the letter. Elasah and Gemariah were likely chosen for their reliability and standing. Shaphan, Elasah's father, was a scribe during King Josiah's reign and played a role in the discovery of the Book of the Law (2 Kings 22:3-10). This connection suggests a lineage of faithfulness to God's word. Gemariah, son of Hilkiah, may be related to Hilkiah the high priest, further emphasizing the trustworthiness and religious significance of the messengers. This choice of messengers underscores the importance of the message being delivered.

whom Zedekiah king of Judah sent to King Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon
Zedekiah was the last king of Judah before the Babylonian exile, reigning from 597 to 586 BC. His reign was marked by political instability and pressure from Babylon. The sending of this letter during his reign highlights the geopolitical tension of the time. Nebuchadnezzar, the powerful king of Babylon, had already taken many Judeans into exile, including Daniel and his friends (Daniel 1:1-7). This context of exile and foreign dominance sets the stage for the letter's message, which addresses the exiles' situation and God's plans for them.

It stated:
This phrase introduces the content of the letter, which is a message from God through the prophet Jeremiah. The letter contains instructions and promises for the exiles in Babylon, emphasizing God's sovereignty and faithfulness even in difficult circumstances. The letter's content, which follows in the subsequent verses, includes the famous promise of hope and future found in Jeremiah 29:11. This introduction prepares the reader for a message of divine guidance and assurance amidst the challenges of exile.

This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says
This phrase establishes the authority and divine origin of the message. "LORD of Hosts" refers to God's sovereignty over the heavenly armies, emphasizing His power and control over all events. The title "God of Israel" reaffirms His covenant relationship with the people of Israel, reminding them of His faithfulness despite their current circumstances. This introduction is common in prophetic literature, underscoring the seriousness and divine backing of the message (e.g., Isaiah 1:24, Amos 4:13).

to all the exiles
The term "exiles" refers to the Jewish people who were forcibly taken from their homeland. This exile was a result of their disobedience and idolatry, as prophesied by earlier prophets like Isaiah and Micah. The Babylonian Exile was a pivotal event in Jewish history, marking a period of reflection and transformation for the nation. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, yet also of His ongoing plans for redemption and restoration (2 Kings 24:14-16).

who were carried away from Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the spiritual and political center of Israel, was conquered by the Babylonians under King Nebuchadnezzar. The carrying away of the people signifies a loss of national identity and religious autonomy. This event fulfilled the warnings given by prophets like Jeremiah and Ezekiel, who had cautioned against the people's persistent sin and rebellion. The destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple was a profound theological crisis, challenging the Israelites' understanding of God's presence and promises (Jeremiah 25:8-11).

to Babylon
Babylon was the capital of the Babylonian Empire, known for its wealth, power, and idolatry. It represents a place of exile and foreign domination, yet also becomes a place where God continues to work among His people. The Israelites' time in Babylon was marked by challenges to their faith and identity, but also by opportunities for growth and renewal. The city is often symbolically associated with worldly power and opposition to God, as seen in later biblical texts like Revelation 17-18. The exile in Babylon serves as a backdrop for God's promises of future hope and restoration, as seen in the broader context of Jeremiah 29.

Build houses and settle down.
This directive was given to the Israelites during their Babylonian exile, a period of significant upheaval and displacement. The command to "build houses" suggests a long-term stay, indicating that their exile would not be brief. This instruction contrasts with the Israelites' previous experiences of temporary dwellings, such as tents during their wilderness journey. The call to "settle down" implies a shift from a transient lifestyle to one of stability and permanence, encouraging the exiles to establish roots in a foreign land. This reflects God's sovereignty and His plans for the Israelites, even in captivity, as He assures them of His continued presence and purpose. Theologically, this can be seen as a call to trust in God's timing and provision, even when circumstances are challenging.

Plant gardens and eat their produce.
The act of planting gardens signifies an investment in the future, as gardens take time to cultivate and yield produce. This command encourages the exiles to engage in agricultural activities, which were central to their way of life and sustenance. Eating the produce of their gardens symbolizes self-sufficiency and the ability to thrive even in exile. This phrase also echoes the creation mandate in Genesis, where humanity is tasked with cultivating the earth. It serves as a reminder of God's provision and the importance of stewardship. Additionally, this instruction can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual growth and fruitfulness, encouraging believers to cultivate their faith and trust in God's promises, even in difficult circumstances.

Take wives and have sons and daughters.
This directive was given to the Israelites during their Babylonian exile, a period of significant hardship and uncertainty. The command to "take wives and have sons and daughters" emphasizes the importance of family and continuity even in adverse circumstances. It reflects God's desire for His people to thrive and maintain their identity despite being in a foreign land. This instruction aligns with the cultural norms of the time, where marriage and procreation were seen as essential for the survival and growth of a community. The emphasis on family can also be seen in Genesis 1:28, where God commands humanity to "be fruitful and multiply."

Take wives for your sons and give your daughters in marriage,
This phrase underscores the importance of generational continuity and the establishment of stable family units. In the ancient Near Eastern context, arranging marriages was a parental responsibility, ensuring alliances and the continuation of family lines. This practice is evident throughout the Old Testament, such as in the story of Isaac and Rebekah (Genesis 24). The instruction to arrange marriages for their children indicates a long-term perspective, encouraging the exiles to settle and integrate into their new environment while maintaining their distinct cultural and religious identity.

so that they too may have sons and daughters.
The focus here is on the perpetuation of the community through successive generations. This reflects a hope and assurance that the exile is not the end of the Israelite people. It also highlights the importance of legacy and the transmission of faith and values to future generations. This idea is echoed in Deuteronomy 6:6-7, where parents are instructed to teach God's commandments to their children diligently.

Multiply there; do not decrease.
This command is a call to growth and prosperity even in exile. It reassures the Israelites that God has not abandoned them and that they have a future. The instruction to "multiply" is reminiscent of God's promise to Abraham in Genesis 12:2, where He promises to make Abraham's descendants a great nation. The encouragement to "not decrease" serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the assurance that the exile is temporary. It also reflects a broader biblical theme of hope and restoration, as seen in the eventual return of the exiles to Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the temple.

Seek the prosperity of the city to which I have sent you as exiles.
This phrase is a directive given by God through the prophet Jeremiah to the Israelites who were exiled in Babylon. The historical context is the Babylonian Exile, which began in 586 BC when Jerusalem was conquered, and many Israelites were taken captive. The command to seek the prosperity of Babylon is significant because it contrasts with the natural inclination to resist or resent their captors. Instead, God instructs them to contribute positively to the society in which they find themselves. This reflects a broader biblical principle of being a blessing to others, even in adverse circumstances, as seen in Genesis 12:2-3, where God promises to make Abraham a blessing to all nations. Theologically, this directive underscores God's sovereignty and purpose, even in exile, suggesting that their presence in Babylon is part of His divine plan.

Pray to the LORD on its behalf,
Prayer is a central theme in the Bible, and here, the Israelites are called to intercede for Babylon. This is a radical command, as Babylon was not only their place of exile but also a symbol of oppression and idolatry. The call to pray for their captors echoes Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:44, where He instructs His followers to love their enemies and pray for those who persecute them. This act of prayer signifies a heart aligned with God's will, demonstrating love and forgiveness. It also acknowledges God's ultimate authority over nations and rulers, as seen in Proverbs 21:1, which states that the king's heart is in the hand of the LORD.

for if it prospers, you too will prosper.”
This phrase highlights the interconnectedness of the Israelites' well-being with that of Babylon. The prosperity of the city is directly linked to the welfare of the exiles, suggesting a mutual benefit. This principle of seeking the common good is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to live peaceably with all (Romans 12:18) and to seek the welfare of others (Philippians 2:4). Theologically, this reflects the idea that God's people are to be agents of peace and prosperity wherever they are placed. It also points to the broader biblical narrative of restoration and hope, as God promises to bring the exiles back to their land (Jeremiah 29:10-14), foreshadowing the ultimate restoration through Christ.

For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says:
This phrase establishes the authority and divine origin of the message. "LORD of Hosts" emphasizes God's sovereignty and command over heavenly armies, underscoring His power and ability to fulfill His promises. "The God of Israel" reaffirms His covenant relationship with Israel, reminding the exiles in Babylon of their unique identity and God's ongoing commitment to them. This introduction is common in prophetic literature, asserting that the message is not from human origin but from God Himself, as seen in other prophetic books like Isaiah and Ezekiel.

Do not be deceived by the prophets and diviners among you:
During the Babylonian exile, false prophets and diviners were prevalent, offering messages of false hope and quick deliverance. These figures often claimed to speak for God but were not sent by Him, as seen in the confrontation between Jeremiah and Hananiah in Jeremiah 28. The warning against deception highlights the importance of discernment and faithfulness to God's true word. In the broader biblical context, this echoes warnings against false prophets found in Deuteronomy 18:20-22 and later in the New Testament in Matthew 7:15.

and do not listen to the dreams you elicit from them:
The phrase "dreams you elicit from them" suggests that the exiles were actively seeking out these false visions, perhaps out of desperation or impatience. Dreams were a common means of divine communication in the ancient Near East, but not all dreams were from God. This caution against relying on self-generated or manipulated dreams is a call to trust in God's timing and revelation. It reflects a broader biblical theme of testing the spirits and holding fast to what is true, as advised in 1 John 4:1.

For they are falsely prophesying to you in My name;
In the context of Jeremiah 29, the prophet Jeremiah is addressing the exiles in Babylon. False prophets, such as Hananiah (Jeremiah 28), were misleading the people by claiming that their captivity would be short-lived. These false prophecies were given under the guise of divine authority, which was a serious offense. In Deuteronomy 18:20-22, God warns against false prophets who speak presumptuously in His name. The use of God's name in false prophecy is a violation of the third commandment (Exodus 20:7), which prohibits taking the Lord's name in vain. This phrase highlights the danger of false teachings and the importance of discerning true messages from God.

I have not sent them,
This phrase underscores God's disapproval and rejection of the false prophets. In the Old Testament, a true prophet was one who was sent by God and whose words came to pass (Deuteronomy 18:22). The false prophets in Jeremiah's time were not commissioned by God, and their messages contradicted the true prophecy given by Jeremiah, which was that the exile would last seventy years (Jeremiah 29:10). This distinction between true and false prophets is crucial, as it emphasizes the need for divine commissioning and the authenticity of a prophet's message.

declares the LORD.”
The phrase "declares the LORD" is a common prophetic formula used throughout the Old Testament to assert the authority and authenticity of the message. It signifies that the words spoken are not of human origin but are a direct revelation from God. This declaration serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ultimate authority over His people. In the broader biblical narrative, it points to the importance of listening to God's true messengers and the fulfillment of His promises, as seen in the coming of Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of God's prophetic word (Hebrews 1:1-2).

For this is what the LORD says:
This phrase emphasizes the authority and divine origin of the message. It is a common prophetic introduction, underscoring that the words are not Jeremiah's own but are directly from God. This establishes the message's importance and reliability, as it comes from the ultimate source of truth.

When Babylon’s seventy years are complete:
The seventy years refer to the period of Babylonian captivity, a significant event in Jewish history. This timeframe is both literal and symbolic, representing a complete period of judgment and purification. Historically, the Babylonian exile began in 605 BC with the first deportation and ended in 538 BC when Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews to return. This period is also referenced in Daniel 9:2, where Daniel understands the prophecy of Jeremiah regarding the seventy years.

I will attend to you:
This phrase indicates God's personal involvement and care for His people. It suggests a turning point where God will actively intervene in the lives of the exiles. The Hebrew word used here can also imply visiting or overseeing, which conveys God's attentive and purposeful action in fulfilling His promises.

and confirm My promise:
God's promise refers to the covenantal assurances given to Israel, including the promise of restoration and return to their land. This highlights God's faithfulness and the certainty of His word. The promise of restoration is a recurring theme in the prophetic books, emphasizing that despite judgment, God's ultimate plan is for redemption and renewal.

to restore you to this place:
"This place" refers to Jerusalem and the land of Judah, the ancestral home of the Israelites. The restoration is not just physical but also spiritual, as it involves returning to a right relationship with God. This promise of restoration is fulfilled in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, where the return and rebuilding of Jerusalem are documented. Theologically, this restoration prefigures the ultimate restoration through Jesus Christ, who brings spiritual renewal and the hope of eternal restoration for all believers.

For I know the plans I have for you, declares the LORD
This phrase emphasizes God's sovereignty and omniscience. In the context of Jeremiah 29, the Israelites are in Babylonian exile, a punishment for their disobedience. Despite their circumstances, God reassures them that He has a specific plan for their future. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's control over history and His intimate involvement in the lives of His people. The declaration "declares the LORD" underscores the authority and certainty of God's word, a common prophetic formula that assures the listener of divine truth.

plans to prosper you and not to harm you
The word "prosper" here is often associated with the Hebrew word "shalom," which means peace, completeness, and welfare. This promise is not merely about material prosperity but encompasses spiritual well-being and fulfillment. In the historical context, the Israelites were experiencing hardship, yet God assures them that His intentions are for their ultimate good. This echoes the covenantal promises found throughout the Old Testament, where God commits to the welfare of His people. The assurance of "not to harm you" contrasts with their current suffering, highlighting God's ultimate purpose of restoration and blessing.

to give you a future and a hope
This phrase offers a vision beyond the immediate circumstances of exile. The "future" implies a continuation of God's covenant promises, looking forward to a time of restoration and return to their homeland, as prophesied in other parts of Jeremiah (e.g., Jeremiah 30:3). The "hope" is a confident expectation rooted in God's faithfulness. This hope is not just for the Israelites but is a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, pointing to the ultimate hope found in Jesus Christ, who fulfills God's redemptive plan for humanity. The promise of a future and hope is a reminder of God's unchanging nature and His commitment to His people, even in times of trial.

Then you will call upon Me
This phrase indicates a future action, suggesting a time when the people will turn back to God. In the context of Jeremiah 29, the Israelites are in Babylonian exile due to their disobedience. This calling upon God signifies repentance and a renewed relationship with Him. The act of calling upon God is a common theme throughout the Bible, seen in passages like Psalm 50:15, where God invites His people to call upon Him in times of trouble. It reflects a dependence on God and an acknowledgment of His sovereignty.

and come
The word "come" implies movement towards God, both physically and spiritually. In the historical context, the Israelites were far from their homeland and the temple in Jerusalem, which was the center of their worship. This movement towards God symbolizes a return to faithfulness and obedience. It echoes the call in James 4:8, "Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you," emphasizing the relational aspect of faith.

and pray to Me
Prayer is a central practice in the life of believers, serving as a means of communication with God. In the context of Jeremiah, prayer represents a sincere turning back to God, seeking His guidance and intervention. The Israelites' prayers during exile would have been filled with longing for deliverance and restoration. This phrase also connects to the New Testament, where Jesus teaches about the importance of prayer in Matthew 6:9-13, providing a model for how to approach God.

and I will listen to you
This promise of God listening is significant, especially for a people in exile who may feel abandoned. It reassures them of God's attentiveness and willingness to respond to their cries. This assurance is consistent with other scriptures, such as 1 John 5:14, which speaks of the confidence believers have in approaching God, knowing that He hears them. It highlights God's faithfulness and His desire for a relationship with His people, despite their past disobedience.

You will seek Me
This phrase emphasizes the active pursuit of God. In the context of Jeremiah 29, the Israelites are in exile in Babylon, and God is encouraging them to seek Him despite their circumstances. Seeking God is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, seen in passages like Deuteronomy 4:29 and Psalm 27:8. It implies a deliberate and intentional effort to know God, often through prayer, worship, and studying His Word. The historical context of the Babylonian exile highlights the importance of seeking God even when He seems distant.

and find Me
The promise of finding God assures believers that their efforts to seek Him will not be in vain. This reflects God's faithfulness and desire for a relationship with His people. In the broader biblical narrative, finding God is associated with receiving His guidance, peace, and presence. This promise is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus assures that those who seek will find (Matthew 7:7-8). It underscores the accessibility of God to those who earnestly pursue Him.

when you search for Me
The act of searching implies diligence and persistence. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, searching for God would involve practices such as prayer, fasting, and studying the Torah. This phrase suggests that a casual or half-hearted approach is insufficient. The historical backdrop of exile serves as a reminder that searching for God often occurs in times of distress or uncertainty, driving believers to rely more fully on Him.

with all your heart
This phrase calls for wholehearted devotion and sincerity. In Hebrew thought, the heart represents the center of one's being, including mind, will, and emotions. Thus, searching with all one's heart means engaging every aspect of oneself in the pursuit of God. This concept is central to the Shema, a foundational Jewish prayer found in Deuteronomy 6:5, which commands loving God with all one's heart, soul, and strength. It highlights the necessity of complete commitment and aligns with Jesus' teaching on the greatest commandment (Mark 12:30).

I will be found by you, declares the LORD
This phrase emphasizes God's promise of accessibility and presence. In the context of Jeremiah, the Israelites were in Babylonian exile, feeling distant from God. The assurance that God can be "found" suggests a relational aspect, where God is not hiding but is available to those who seek Him earnestly. This echoes Deuteronomy 4:29, where seeking God with all one's heart results in finding Him. It also foreshadows the New Testament teaching in James 4:8, "Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you."

and I will restore you from captivity
The promise of restoration from captivity is central to the hope given to the exiled Israelites. Historically, this refers to the Babylonian captivity, which began in 586 BC when Jerusalem fell. The restoration was partially fulfilled when the Persian King Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem in 538 BC. This restoration is a type of the ultimate spiritual restoration through Christ, who frees believers from the captivity of sin (Romans 6:18).

and gather you from all the nations and places to which I have banished you, declares the LORD
This phrase highlights the sovereignty of God in both the dispersion and the gathering of His people. The scattering of the Israelites was a result of their disobedience, as prophesied in Deuteronomy 28:64. The gathering from "all the nations" points to a future hope beyond the immediate return from Babylon, suggesting a more comprehensive regathering that some interpret as eschatological, relating to the end times. This is seen in prophecies like Isaiah 11:12 and Ezekiel 37:21, which speak of a future regathering of Israel.

I will restore you to the place from which I sent you into exile.
The promise of returning to the original place of exile, Jerusalem, signifies not just a physical return but a spiritual renewal. Jerusalem holds significant theological importance as the city of David and the location of the Temple, symbolizing God's dwelling with His people. This restoration prefigures the ultimate restoration through Christ, who is the true Temple (John 2:19-21) and the one who brings believers into the presence of God. The return to Jerusalem also foreshadows the New Jerusalem described in Revelation 21, where God will dwell with His people eternally.

Because you may say
This phrase introduces a hypothetical statement or belief held by the people. It reflects the mindset of the exiled Israelites in Babylon, who are seeking guidance and reassurance. The use of "may say" indicates a presumption or a common sentiment among the exiles. This reflects the human tendency to seek out messages that align with personal desires or circumstances, especially in times of distress.

“The LORD has raised up for us prophets in Babylon,”
The exiles in Babylon believed that God had provided them with prophets to guide them during their captivity. This belief could stem from a desire for immediate comfort and assurance of a swift return to Jerusalem. However, the context of Jeremiah 29 suggests a warning against false prophets who were giving misleading messages of peace and quick deliverance, contrary to Jeremiah's message of a prolonged exile. Historically, Babylon was a center of power and culture, and the presence of prophets there could be seen as a way for the exiles to maintain their religious identity. This situation parallels other biblical instances where false prophets arose, such as in 1 Kings 22 with the prophets of Ahab. Theologically, this phrase challenges the discernment of true prophecy, emphasizing the need to test messages against God's revealed word.

this is what the LORD says
This phrase introduces a direct message from God, emphasizing divine authority. In the prophetic tradition, such declarations underscore the seriousness and certainty of the message. Prophets like Jeremiah served as God's mouthpieces, delivering His words to the people.

about the king who sits on David’s throne
This refers to the Davidic line of kings, a significant aspect of Israel's history and God's covenant with David (2 Samuel 7:12-16). At this time, Zedekiah was the king, a ruler placed by Nebuchadnezzar. The Davidic covenant promised a lasting dynasty, but the disobedience of the kings led to judgment and exile.

and all the people who remain in this city
The city is Jerusalem, the spiritual and political center of Judah. Those who remained were under threat due to their disobedience and the impending Babylonian siege. The remnant in Jerusalem faced severe trials, contrasting with those already exiled who were promised eventual restoration.

your brothers who did not go with you into exile—
This highlights the division between those already exiled to Babylon and those still in Jerusalem. The exiles were seen as having a future hope, as Jeremiah's letters encouraged them to settle and seek the city's welfare (Jeremiah 29:4-7). The "brothers" in Jerusalem faced imminent danger and judgment, illustrating the consequences of ignoring prophetic warnings.

this is what the LORD of Hosts says:
This phrase emphasizes the authority and power of God, often referred to as the "LORD of Hosts," which signifies His command over the armies of heaven. This title underscores God's sovereignty and His ability to execute judgment. It is a reminder of His ultimate control over all events and His role as a divine warrior.

I will send against them sword and famine and plague:
These three calamities—sword, famine, and plague—are common instruments of divine judgment in the Old Testament. The "sword" represents warfare and violence, "famine" indicates a lack of food due to siege or natural disaster, and "plague" suggests disease. These judgments are often seen as consequences of covenant unfaithfulness, as outlined in Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28. They serve as a call to repentance and a demonstration of God's justice.

and I will make them like rotten figs, so bad they cannot be eaten:
The imagery of "rotten figs" is drawn from earlier in Jeremiah 24, where good and bad figs represent the exiles in Babylon and those remaining in Jerusalem, respectively. Rotten figs symbolize those who are beyond redemption due to their persistent disobedience and idolatry. This metaphor highlights the severity of their spiritual decay and the inevitability of their judgment. The comparison to inedible figs underscores the complete rejection and worthlessness of those who refuse to turn back to God.

I will pursue them with sword and famine and plague.
This phrase reflects God's judgment upon the people of Judah for their persistent disobedience and idolatry. The "sword" signifies warfare and violence, often used by God as a tool of judgment (Ezekiel 5:12). "Famine" represents the severe lack of food, a common consequence of prolonged sieges and warfare (Lamentations 4:9). "Plague" indicates disease, which frequently accompanied war and famine in ancient times. These three calamities are often mentioned together in the Old Testament as instruments of divine retribution (Ezekiel 14:21). Historically, these judgments were realized during the Babylonian conquest, when Jerusalem was besieged, leading to starvation and disease.

I will make them a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth—
The phrase "a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth" suggests that the judgment on Judah would serve as a warning to other nations. The destruction and exile of Judah were meant to demonstrate the consequences of turning away from God. This echoes the curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28:37, where disobedience would lead to becoming "an object of horror" among the nations. The historical context of the Babylonian exile, where Judah was defeated and its people scattered, fulfilled this prophecy, making them a cautionary tale for surrounding nations.

a curse, a desolation, and an object of scorn and reproach among all the nations
This part of the verse emphasizes the complete reversal of Judah's fortunes. Once a nation blessed by God, they would become a "curse," meaning others would use them as an example of misfortune (Jeremiah 24:9). "Desolation" indicates utter ruin, as seen in the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple. Being an "object of scorn and reproach" highlights the shame and humiliation they would face, as other nations would mock their downfall. This reflects the covenantal curses found in Leviticus 26:32-33, where disobedience leads to desolation and disgrace.

to which I banish them.
The phrase "to which I banish them" refers to the exile of the Jewish people from their homeland. This was a direct consequence of their failure to uphold the covenant with God. The Babylonian exile, beginning in 586 BC, is the historical fulfillment of this prophecy, where the people of Judah were forcibly removed and scattered across the Babylonian Empire. This dispersion served as both punishment and a means for eventual restoration, as God promised to bring them back after a period of repentance (Jeremiah 29:10-14). The exile also foreshadows the ultimate gathering of God's people through Christ, who offers redemption and restoration.

I will do this because they have not listened to My words, declares the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's word. Throughout the Old Testament, Israel's failure to heed God's commands often led to judgment. The phrase "declares the LORD" underscores the authority and finality of God's pronouncement. The context here is the Babylonian exile, a direct consequence of Israel's persistent disobedience. This reflects the covenant relationship where blessings and curses were contingent on Israel's faithfulness (Deuteronomy 28).

which I sent to them again and again through My servants the prophets
God's patience and persistence are highlighted here. The prophets, such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, were repeatedly sent to call Israel back to repentance. This phrase underscores the role of prophets as God's messengers, often facing rejection and persecution. The repeated sending of prophets demonstrates God's desire for His people to return to Him, showing His mercy and long-suffering nature (2 Chronicles 36:15-16).

And neither have you exiles listened, declares the LORD
This addresses the immediate audience of Jeremiah's letter—the exiles in Babylon. Despite their circumstances, they continued in disobedience, failing to heed the warnings and instructions given through Jeremiah. This highlights a recurring theme in Scripture: the hardness of the human heart. The phrase "declares the LORD" reiterates the divine authority behind the message. The exiles' failure to listen is a reminder of the need for repentance and the consequences of ignoring God's word, as seen in the broader narrative of Israel's history.

So hear the word of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the authority and divine origin of the message. In the biblical context, the "word of the LORD" is a common expression used by prophets to assert that their message is not their own but comes directly from God. This underscores the importance and urgency of the message. The call to "hear" implies not just listening but also obeying and internalizing the message. This is consistent with the biblical theme that faith comes by hearing the word of God (Romans 10:17).

all you exiles
The term "exiles" refers to the people of Judah who were taken captive to Babylon. This was a significant event in Jewish history, known as the Babylonian Exile, which occurred after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC. The exile was a result of the people's disobedience and idolatry, as prophesied by Jeremiah and other prophets. Theologically, the exile is seen as both a punishment and a means of purification for the people of Israel. It also serves as a type of spiritual exile that all believers experience due to sin, pointing to the need for redemption and restoration.

I have sent away
This phrase indicates God's sovereignty and control over the events leading to the exile. It was not merely a political or military defeat but an act of divine judgment. The use of "I have sent" shows that God is actively involved in the lives of His people, even in their discipline. This aligns with the biblical theme that God disciplines those He loves (Hebrews 12:6). It also reassures the exiles that their situation is not outside of God's plan and purpose.

from Jerusalem to Babylon
Jerusalem, the holy city, represents the center of Jewish worship and identity, while Babylon symbolizes a place of captivity and foreign domination. The journey from Jerusalem to Babylon is not just a physical relocation but a spiritual and cultural upheaval. Historically, Babylon was a powerful empire known for its grandeur and idolatry, contrasting sharply with the monotheistic worship in Jerusalem. This movement from Jerusalem to Babylon can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual journey from a place of covenant relationship with God to a place of spiritual estrangement. It also foreshadows the ultimate return and restoration, as promised in later prophecies, pointing to the hope of redemption through Jesus Christ, who brings believers back from spiritual exile into the kingdom of God.

This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says
This phrase emphasizes the authority and sovereignty of God. The title "LORD of Hosts" signifies God's command over the armies of heaven, indicating His supreme power. The "God of Israel" highlights His covenant relationship with the nation of Israel, reminding the audience of His faithfulness and the special bond He shares with His chosen people.

about Ahab son of Kolaiah and Zedekiah son of Maaseiah
These individuals are identified as false prophets. The mention of their lineage serves to distinguish them from other figures with similar names and underscores their personal accountability. Ahab and Zedekiah were common names, but their association with false prophecy sets them apart in a negative light within the biblical narrative.

who are prophesying to you lies in My name
This phrase highlights the serious offense of false prophecy. Claiming to speak in God's name while delivering false messages is a grave sin, as it misleads the people and dishonors God. The Bible consistently condemns false prophets (Deuteronomy 18:20-22), and this instance serves as a warning against those who would misuse divine authority for personal gain or deception.

I will deliver them to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon
God's judgment is pronounced through the agency of Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonian king. This reflects the historical context of the Babylonian exile, where God used foreign powers to execute His judgment on Israel for their disobedience. Nebuchadnezzar is a significant figure in biblical history, known for his conquests and the eventual destruction of Jerusalem.

and he will kill them before your very eyes
The execution of Ahab and Zedekiah serves as a public demonstration of God's judgment against false prophets. This phrase underscores the seriousness of their sin and the certainty of divine retribution. It also serves as a warning to the exiled community in Babylon, reinforcing the importance of discerning true prophecy and remaining faithful to God's word.

Because of them
This phrase refers to the false prophets Zedekiah and Ahab, who misled the people of Judah. Their actions had significant consequences, serving as a warning against false prophecy. In the broader biblical context, false prophets are consistently condemned (Deuteronomy 18:20-22), and their presence is a recurring issue throughout the Old Testament.

all the exiles of Judah who are in Babylon
The exiles of Judah were those taken captive during the Babylonian conquest, which began in 605 BC and culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC. This period of exile was a pivotal moment in Jewish history, as it led to the development of the Jewish diaspora. The exiles were living in a foreign land, facing the challenge of maintaining their faith and identity away from their homeland.

will use this curse
Curses in the biblical context were serious pronouncements, often invoking divine judgment. The use of a curse here indicates the severity of the false prophets' actions and the community's desire for justice. Curses were a common cultural practice in the ancient Near East, reflecting the belief in the power of words to affect reality.

‘May the LORD make you like Zedekiah and Ahab
Zedekiah and Ahab were false prophets who misled the people, and their fate became proverbial. This curse reflects the community's disdain for those who lead others astray and the desire for divine retribution. The invocation of the LORD in the curse underscores the belief in God's ultimate justice and authority.

whom the king of Babylon roasted in the fire!’
The phrase "roasted in the fire" indicates a severe and public punishment, likely intended as a deterrent to others. This method of execution was not uncommon in ancient times and is mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, such as in the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 3). The king of Babylon, likely Nebuchadnezzar, was known for his harsh treatment of those who opposed him, and this punishment reflects the brutal realities of the time.

For they have committed an outrage in Israel
This phrase highlights the severity of the sin committed by the false prophets. In the context of ancient Israel, an "outrage" refers to a grievous sin that violates the covenant relationship with God. The term underscores the moral and spiritual corruption present among the people. The prophets were expected to uphold God's law, and their failure to do so was a significant breach of trust.

by committing adultery with the wives of their neighbors
Adultery is a direct violation of the seventh commandment (Exodus 20:14) and was considered a serious offense in Israelite society. It symbolizes unfaithfulness not only in marriage but also in the people's relationship with God. The prophets' actions were a metaphor for Israel's spiritual adultery, as seen in other prophetic books like Hosea, where Israel's idolatry is likened to marital unfaithfulness.

and speaking lies in My name
The false prophets claimed to speak for God, yet they delivered messages that were not from Him. This is a direct violation of the commandment against taking the Lord's name in vain (Exodus 20:7). It also reflects the broader theme of false prophecy found throughout the Old Testament, where true prophets like Jeremiah often stood in opposition to those who falsely claimed divine authority (Jeremiah 23:16-18).

which I did not command them to do
This phrase emphasizes God's sovereignty and the importance of true prophecy. The false prophets acted on their own authority, not God's. This distinction is crucial, as true prophets are called and sent by God, as seen in the calling of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:4-10). The false prophets' actions were a direct challenge to God's authority and order.

I am He who knows, and I am a witness
God's omniscience and omnipresence are highlighted here. He is aware of all actions and intentions, and nothing is hidden from Him. This assurance is a comfort to the faithful and a warning to the unfaithful. The idea of God as a witness is echoed in other scriptures, such as Psalm 139:1-4, where God's intimate knowledge of human actions is described.

declares the LORD.
This phrase reaffirms the authority and finality of God's pronouncement. The use of "declares the LORD" is a common prophetic formula that underscores the divine origin of the message. It serves as a reminder that the words spoken are not merely human opinions but are the authoritative word of God, as seen throughout the prophetic literature.

You are to tell
This phrase indicates a direct command from God, emphasizing the authority and importance of the message. In the context of Jeremiah, God often communicated His will through prophets, who were His chosen messengers. This reflects the biblical principle that God uses human agents to convey His divine messages, as seen throughout the Old Testament with figures like Moses and Elijah.

Shemaiah
Shemaiah is identified as a false prophet in the book of Jeremiah. His actions and words were contrary to the true messages from God delivered by Jeremiah. This highlights the ongoing conflict between true and false prophecy in Israel, a theme prevalent in the prophetic books. The presence of false prophets was a significant issue, as they often led the people astray, away from God's true intentions and commands.

the Nehelamite
The term "Nehelamite" is likely a designation of Shemaiah's origin or family lineage. The exact location or meaning of "Nehelam" is not definitively known, but it serves to identify Shemaiah more specifically. This detail underscores the importance of understanding one's background and context when interpreting their actions and words. In the broader biblical narrative, genealogies and origins often play a crucial role in understanding a person's identity and role within God's plan.

that
The use of "that" introduces the content of the message that Jeremiah is to deliver. It sets the stage for the specific instructions or rebuke that God is about to communicate through Jeremiah. This transition is common in prophetic literature, where the prophet receives a direct revelation from God to be conveyed to the intended audience.

this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says:
This phrase emphasizes the authority and sovereignty of God, who is often referred to as the "LORD of Hosts," indicating His command over the armies of heaven. The title "God of Israel" reaffirms His covenant relationship with the nation of Israel. This introduction is typical in prophetic literature, underscoring that the message is not from the prophet's own mind but from God Himself. It sets the stage for the divine message that follows, demanding attention and reverence.

In your own name you have sent out letters to all the people of Jerusalem,
This phrase highlights the unauthorized actions of Shemaiah, who took it upon himself to send letters. The act of sending letters "in your own name" suggests a presumption of authority and a challenge to the established prophetic order. In the ancient Near East, letters were a common means of communication, especially for official or authoritative messages. This action reflects a direct challenge to Jeremiah's prophetic authority and God's message through him.

to the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah, and to all the priests.
Zephaniah, the son of Maaseiah, was a priest during the time of Jeremiah. His role as a priest would have made him a significant religious leader in Jerusalem, responsible for maintaining the temple worship and upholding the law. The mention of "all the priests" indicates that the message was intended to influence the entire religious leadership of Jerusalem. This reflects the tension between the prophetic and priestly offices during this period, as false prophets and unauthorized leaders often sought to undermine true prophetic messages.

You said to Zephaniah:
This phrase introduces the content of Shemaiah's message to Zephaniah. It sets up the confrontation between the false message of Shemaiah and the true message of God through Jeremiah. The direct address to Zephaniah suggests an attempt to sway him and the other priests against Jeremiah, highlighting the internal conflict within the religious community of Jerusalem. This conflict is a recurring theme in the prophetic books, where true prophets often face opposition from established religious authorities.

The LORD has appointed you priest in place of Jehoiada
This phrase indicates a divine appointment, suggesting that the priesthood is not merely a human institution but one ordained by God. The mention of Jehoiada, a notable priest during the reign of King Joash, evokes a historical context where priests played crucial roles in guiding the kings and the people. Jehoiada was known for his faithfulness and leadership, which implies that the new appointee is expected to uphold similar standards. This transition of priestly authority reflects the ongoing need for spiritual leadership in Israel, a theme consistent throughout the Old Testament.

to be the chief officer in the house of the LORD
The role of "chief officer" in the temple signifies a position of significant authority and responsibility. The temple, as the central place of worship, required strict oversight to maintain purity and order. This position would involve managing temple activities, ensuring proper worship practices, and safeguarding the sanctity of the temple. The house of the LORD, or the temple, is a symbol of God's presence among His people, and the chief officer's role is crucial in maintaining this sacred space.

responsible for any madman who acts like a prophet
This phrase addresses the issue of false prophets, a recurring problem in Israel's history. The term "madman" suggests someone who is not genuinely inspired by God but claims prophetic authority. The responsibility to discern true prophecy from falsehood is critical, as false prophets could lead the people astray. This task requires wisdom and discernment, qualities that are emphasized in other scriptures, such as in the warnings against false prophets in Deuteronomy 18:20-22 and the New Testament's exhortations to test the spirits (1 John 4:1).

you must put him in stocks and neck irons
The use of stocks and neck irons indicates a form of punishment and public humiliation for those who falsely claim prophetic authority. This reflects the seriousness with which false prophecy was regarded, as it could undermine the community's faith and lead to idolatry or rebellion against God. Such measures were intended to protect the community from spiritual deception and maintain the integrity of true prophetic messages. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of God's judgment against falsehood and the protection of His truth, as seen in the actions against false prophets throughout the scriptures.

So now, why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth,
This phrase reflects a challenge directed at the leaders in Jerusalem, questioning their lack of action against Jeremiah. Anathoth, a town in the territory of Benjamin, was Jeremiah's hometown, indicating his roots in a priestly family (Jeremiah 1:1). The call to rebuke suggests a tension between Jeremiah and the established religious authorities, who were often resistant to his messages of impending judgment. This tension is a recurring theme in Jeremiah's ministry, as he frequently faced opposition from those who rejected his prophetic warnings.

who poses as a prophet among you?
The accusation that Jeremiah "poses as a prophet" implies skepticism about his divine calling. This reflects the broader context of false prophets in Jerusalem who contradicted Jeremiah's messages, offering false hope of peace and security (Jeremiah 6:14, 23:16-17). The struggle between true and false prophecy is a significant theme in the book of Jeremiah, highlighting the challenge of discerning God's true messengers. This phrase also foreshadows the New Testament, where Jesus Christ, the ultimate Prophet, faced similar accusations and skepticism from religious leaders (Matthew 21:11, John 7:40-52).

For he has sent to us in Babylon, claiming:
This phrase refers to the message sent by Jeremiah to the exiles in Babylon. Jeremiah, a prophet during the time of the Babylonian exile, communicated God's instructions to the Israelites who had been taken captive. The historical context is the Babylonian captivity, which began in 597 BC when King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon conquered Jerusalem and deported many of its inhabitants. This message was crucial as it came from a prophet recognized by the people, providing divine guidance during a time of uncertainty and displacement.

Since the exile will be lengthy,
Jeremiah's message was a direct contradiction to the false prophets who were claiming that the exile would be short-lived. The historical context here is significant, as many exiles hoped for a quick return to Jerusalem. Jeremiah, however, prophesied that the exile would last 70 years (Jeremiah 29:10), emphasizing the need for the people to adjust to their new circumstances. This period was part of God's judgment on Judah for their disobedience, but it also served as a time for the people to turn back to God.

build houses and settle down;
This instruction was practical and symbolic. Building houses and settling down indicated that the exiles should prepare for a long stay in Babylon. It was a call to stability and acceptance of their current situation. Culturally, this was a significant shift, as the Israelites were being encouraged to integrate into Babylonian society to some extent, while still maintaining their identity and faith. This also reflects God's sovereignty and His plans for His people, even in foreign lands.

plant gardens and eat their produce.
This phrase suggests self-sufficiency and a degree of prosperity even in exile. Planting gardens and eating their produce implies that the exiles should not only survive but thrive in Babylon. This instruction aligns with the biblical principle of seeking the welfare of the city where they were exiled (Jeremiah 29:7). It also foreshadows the eventual return and restoration of the Israelites, as they would need to maintain their cultural and religious practices, including dietary laws, even while in a foreign land. This can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides sustenance and life even in difficult circumstances, pointing to the spiritual nourishment found in Him.

Zephaniah the priest, however,
Zephaniah was a priest during the time of Jeremiah, serving in the temple in Jerusalem. His role as a priest would have involved religious duties and maintaining the spiritual life of the community. The mention of Zephaniah highlights the religious leadership in Jerusalem during the Babylonian exile. This context is important as it shows the tension between the prophetic messages of Jeremiah and the established religious order. Zephaniah is also mentioned in 2 Kings 25:18 and Jeremiah 21:1, indicating his involvement in significant events of the time.

had read this letter
The letter referred to is likely the one Jeremiah sent to the exiles in Babylon, as recorded earlier in Jeremiah 29. This letter contained God's instructions and promises to the exiles, including the famous verse Jeremiah 29:11, which speaks of God's plans for hope and a future. The act of reading the letter publicly would have been a way to communicate God's message to the people, emphasizing the importance of written communication in maintaining faith and hope during the exile.

to Jeremiah the prophet.
Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," was called by God to deliver messages of warning and hope to Judah. His prophetic ministry spanned the reigns of several kings and included the period leading up to and during the Babylonian exile. Jeremiah's role as a prophet was to speak God's truth, often in the face of opposition and disbelief. The mention of Jeremiah here underscores his central role in conveying God's word to both those in Jerusalem and the exiles in Babylon. His prophecies often pointed to the coming of a new covenant, which Christians see fulfilled in Jesus Christ, as referenced in Jeremiah 31:31-34.

Then
This indicates a continuation of events or messages. It suggests that what follows is part of an ongoing narrative or series of communications from God to Jeremiah. This phrase often marks a transition in the prophetic narrative, emphasizing the immediacy and relevance of God's message.

the word of the LORD
This phrase underscores the divine origin of the message. In the Hebrew context, "the word of the LORD" is not just spoken words but carries the authority and power of God Himself. It is a common expression in the prophetic books, signifying that the message is not from human origin but directly from God. This phrase is foundational in understanding the role of prophets as messengers of God.

came to Jeremiah
Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," was called by God to deliver messages to the people of Judah during a tumultuous period. His ministry spanned the reigns of several kings and included warnings of impending judgment due to the people's unfaithfulness. The phrase indicates that Jeremiah is the chosen vessel for this divine communication, highlighting his role as a mediator between God and the people. This also reflects the personal nature of God's communication with His prophets, often involving direct and specific revelations.

Send a message telling all the exiles
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to the exiles in Babylon. The exiles were primarily from Judah, taken during the Babylonian captivity, which began in 597 BC. This message underscores the importance of divine communication and guidance during times of distress and displacement. The exiles were in a foreign land, away from the temple and their traditional worship practices, making prophetic messages crucial for maintaining their faith and identity.

what the LORD says concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite.
Shemaiah is identified as a Nehelamite, which may refer to his place of origin or a family designation. The LORD's message concerning him highlights the issue of false prophecy, a recurring problem in Israel's history. False prophets often arose during times of crisis, offering messages that contradicted God's true prophets. This situation is reminiscent of other false prophets in the Old Testament, such as those confronted by Elijah and Jeremiah himself.

Because Shemaiah has prophesied to you—though I did not send him—
This phrase emphasizes the unauthorized nature of Shemaiah's prophecy. In the biblical context, a true prophet is one who is sent by God, as seen in the calling of prophets like Moses (Exodus 3) and Isaiah (Isaiah 6). The distinction between true and false prophets is critical, as false prophets can lead people away from God's will. This is echoed in Deuteronomy 18:20-22, where criteria for discerning true prophecy are given.

and has made you trust in a lie,
The consequence of Shemaiah's false prophecy is that it led the exiles to trust in a lie. This reflects the danger of false teachings, which can lead believers away from the truth of God's word. Trusting in a lie can have severe spiritual consequences, as seen in the fall of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3, where believing the serpent's lie led to sin entering the world. This phrase serves as a warning to discern truth from falsehood, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, including in the New Testament (e.g., 1 John 4:1).

this is what the LORD says:
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and certainty of the message. In the prophetic books, such declarations underscore that the message is not from the prophet's own mind but directly from God. This is a common formula used by prophets to assert the divine origin of their message, seen throughout the Old Testament.

‘I will surely punish Shemaiah the Nehelamite and his descendants.
Shemaiah the Nehelamite was a false prophet who opposed Jeremiah. The punishment of false prophets is a recurring theme in the Bible, as seen in Deuteronomy 18:20-22. The mention of his descendants indicates that the consequences of his actions would affect his lineage, reflecting the biblical principle of generational impact of sin (Exodus 20:5).

He will have no one left among this people,
This phrase indicates total eradication from the community, a severe judgment reflecting the seriousness of his offense. In ancient Israel, being cut off from the people was a significant punishment, as community and lineage were central to identity and inheritance.

nor will he see the good that I will bring to My people,
The "good" refers to the future restoration and blessings God promised to Israel, such as the return from exile and the rebuilding of Jerusalem. This exclusion from witnessing God's blessings highlights the severity of Shemaiah's rebellion. It contrasts with the hope and future promised to the faithful remnant in Jeremiah 29:11.

declares the LORD,
This reiteration of divine authority serves to emphasize the certainty and seriousness of the pronouncement. It is a common prophetic formula that assures the audience of the truth and inevitability of God's words.

for he has preached rebellion against the LORD.’”
Preaching rebellion against God is a grave sin, as it leads people away from truth and obedience. In the context of Jeremiah, false prophets like Shemaiah were telling the people what they wanted to hear, rather than the truth of God's impending judgment and call to repentance. This rebellion is akin to the sin of witchcraft, as noted in 1 Samuel 15:23, and is a direct challenge to God's authority.