Additional Blessings of Obedience 1“You must not make idols for yourselves or set up a carved image or sacred pillar; you must not place a sculpted stone in your land to bow down to it. For I am the LORD your God. 2You must keep My Sabbaths and have reverence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD. 3If you follow My statutes and carefully keep My commandments, 4I will give you rains in their season, and the land will yield its produce, and the trees of the field will bear their fruit. 5Your threshing will continue until the grape harvest, and the grape harvest will continue until sowing time; you will have your fill of food to eat and will dwell securely in your land. 6And I will give peace to the land, and you will lie down with nothing to fear. I will rid the land of dangerous animals, and no sword will pass through your land. 7You will pursue your enemies, and they will fall by the sword before you. 8Five of you will pursue a hundred, and a hundred of you will pursue ten thousand, and your enemies will fall by the sword before you. 9I will turn toward you and make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will establish My covenant with you. 10You will still be eating the old supply of grain when you need to clear it out to make room for the new. 11And I will make My dwelling placea among you, and My soul will not despiseb you. 12I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people.c 13I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt so that you would no longer be slaves to the Egyptians. I broke the bars of your yoke and enabled you to walk in uprightness. Punishments for Disobedience 14If, however, you fail to obey Me and to carry out all these commandments, 15and if you reject My statutes, despise My ordinances, and neglect to carry out all My commandments, and so break My covenant, 16then this is what I will do to you: I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life. You will sow your seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. 17And I will set My face against you, so that you will be defeated by your enemies. Those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one pursues you. 18And if after all this you will not obey Me, I will proceed to punish you sevenfold for your sins. 19I will break down your stubborn pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze, 20and your strength will be spent in vain. For your land will not yield its produce, and the trees of the land will not bear their fruit. 21If you walk in hostility toward Me and refuse to obey Me, I will multiply your plagues seven times, according to your sins. 22I will send wild animals against you to rob you of your children, destroy your livestock, and reduce your numbers, until your roads lie desolate. 23And if in spite of these things you do not accept My discipline, but continue to walk in hostility toward Me, 24then I will act with hostility toward you, and I will strike you sevenfold for your sins. 25And I will bring a sword against you to execute the vengeance of the covenant. Though you withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hand of the enemy. 26When I cut off your supplyd of bread, ten women will bake your bread in a single oven and dole out your bread by weight, so that you will eat but not be satisfied. 27But if in spite of all this you do not obey Me, but continue to walk in hostility toward Me, 28then I will walk in fury against you, and I, even I, will punish you sevenfold for your sins. 29You will eat the flesh of your own sons and daughters. 30I will destroy your high places, cut down your incense altars, and heap your lifeless bodies on the lifeless remains of your idols; and My soul will despise you. 31I will reduce your cities to rubble and lay waste your sanctuaries, and I will refuse to smell the pleasing aroma of your sacrifices. 32And I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who dwell in it will be appalled. 33But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities are laid waste. 34Then the land shall enjoy its Sabbaths all the days it lies desolate, while you are in the land of your enemies. At that time the land will rest and enjoy its Sabbaths. 35As long as it lies desolate, the land will have the rest it did not receive during the Sabbaths when you lived in it. 36As for those of you who survive, I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies, so that even the sound of a windblown leaf will put them to flight. And they will flee as one flees the sword, and fall when no one pursues them. 37They will stumble over one another as before the sword, though no one is behind them. So you will not be able to stand against your enemies. 38You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will consume you. 39Those of you who survive in the lands of your enemies will waste away in their iniquity and will decay in the sins of their fathers. God Remembers Those Who Repent 40But if they will confess their iniquity and that of their fathers in the unfaithfulness that they practiced against Me, by which they have also walked in hostility toward Me— 41and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them into the land of their enemies—and if their uncircumcised hearts will be humbled and they will make amends for their iniquity, 42then I will remember My covenant with Jacob and My covenant with Isaac and My covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. 43For the land will be abandoned by them, and it will enjoy its Sabbaths by lying desolate without them. And they will pay the penalty for their iniquity, because they rejected My ordinances and abhorred My statutes. 44Yet in spite of this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject or despise them so as to destroy them and break My covenant with them; for I am the LORD their God. 45But for their sake I will remember the covenant with their fathers, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God. I am the LORD.” 46These are the statutes, ordinances, and laws that the LORD established between Himself and the Israelites through Moses on Mount Sinai. Footnotes: 11 a Or My tabernacle 11 b Or reject; also in verse 30 12 c Cited in 2 Corinthians 6:16 26 d Hebrew staff Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  Leviticus 26 Summary Blessings of ObedienceVerses 1–2 – Exclusive Worship Verses 3–13 – Blessings for Obedience Verses 14–39 – Warnings for Disobedience Verses 40–46 – Promise of Restoration The passage unfolds as an instructive monologue from God, presented to the Israelites through Moses on Mount Sinai. It draws a clear delineation between the blessings of obedience and the dire consequences of disobedience, underpinning the importance of adhering to God's commandments. The narrative conveys God's covenantal promise to the Israelites, emphasizing the rewards and punishments linked with obedience and disobedience, respectively. Historical Setting Leviticus 26 is given at Sinai after the tabernacle is raised (Exodus 40) and before Israel departs toward Canaan (Numbers 10). The chapter summarizes covenant blessings and curses, a pattern common in ancient Near-Eastern treaties. Israel, freshly redeemed from Egypt, now hears what loyalty or disloyalty to the Lord will bring in the promised land. Idolatry and Sacred Time • Verse 1 echoes the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:3–5). • Stone pillars (“standing stones”) were common Canaanite cult objects. God bans them to keep worship pure. • Verse 2 ties Sabbath keeping to respect for the sanctuary. Weekly rest and sacred space both declare God’s ownership of time and place. Agricultural Blessings Verses 4–5 promise rains “in their season,” key in a land dependent on early and latter rains (Deuteronomy 11:14). Grain threshing stretching to grape harvest pictures uninterrupted abundance. Similar language reappears in Amos 9:13 and Joel 2:24. Peace and Security • Verse 6: “I will grant peace in the land, so that you may lie down without fear.” A direct reversal of fear in Egypt (Exodus 1:11-14). • Verse 7–8: Five Israelites chasing a hundred mirrors later accounts like Gideon’s 300 defeating Midian (Judges 7) and Jonathan’s two-man raid (1 Samuel 14). God’s Presence Among His People Verse 12 recalls Eden’s fellowship (“walk”) and anticipates Revelation 21:3, where God dwells with a redeemed humanity. The covenant aims not merely at material blessing but restored relationship. Sevenfold Discipline Warnings unfold in four cycles (vv. 14-39). Each one says, “If you still do not listen, then I will discipline you sevenfold.” The number seven symbolizes completeness. God’s judgments are measured, righteous, and designed to bring repentance. 1. Disease and defeat (vv. 16-17) 2. Drought and failed harvests (vv. 18-20) 3. Wild beasts and child loss (vv. 21-22) 4. War, siege, and ruin (vv. 23-26) 5. Cannibalism, desolation, and exile (vv. 27-39) The Land’s Sabbaths Verses 34-35 state the land will rest while Israel is exiled. 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 links the 70-year Babylonian captivity to missed Sabbath-year rests. The soil itself bears witness to covenant faithfulness. Repentance and Hope • Verses 40-42: Confession includes acknowledging “hostility” toward God, a strong word showing sin’s seriousness. • God “remembers” the covenant—an active term (Genesis 8:1; Exodus 2:24) meaning He moves to fulfill His promises. • Verse 44: Even in exile “I will not reject them,” echoed in Romans 11:1, where Paul affirms God has not rejected Israel. Archaeological Notes • Standing stones have been uncovered at Gezer, Megiddo, and Hazor—visual reminders of what Israel was told to avoid. • Siege conditions (vv. 29-31) match Assyrian and Babylonian tactics documented in wall reliefs and ration tablets. • The phrase “I broke the bars of your yoke” (v. 13) evokes Egyptian yokes found in tombs, underscoring liberation imagery. Connections to Other Scriptures • Deuteronomy 28 parallels Leviticus 26, expanding on blessings and curses before entry into Canaan. • Jeremiah 29:10-14 picks up the promise of restoration after exile. • Hosea 5:15 echoes the pattern: God withdraws “until they acknowledge their guilt.” • Hebrews 12:5-11 uses similar discipline language for believers today. Practical Application 1. God still desires exclusive loyalty; modern “idols” can be anything that rivals Him. 2. Blessings flow from trusting obedience, though ultimate fulfillment is in Christ rather than land produce (John 10:10). 3. Discipline is corrective, not merely punitive. Personal trials can serve to bring hearts back to God. 4. Confession and humility open the door to restoration. No failure is final when repentance is genuine. 5. God keeps His promises across generations; He is just and merciful, exactly as He declared in Leviticus 26. Connections to Additional Scriptures Deuteronomy 28Similar themes of blessings and curses related to obedience and disobedience. John 14:15 Jesus emphasizes the importance of obedience as a demonstration of love for Him: If you love Me, you will keep My commandments. Hebrews 12:6 God's discipline is a sign of His love and desire for our growth: For the Lord disciplines the one He loves, and He chastises every son He receives. Teaching Points Covenant RelationshipLeviticus 26 underscores the covenant relationship between God and His people, highlighting the importance of obedience to His commandments. If you walk in My statutes and carefully observe My commandments (Leviticus 26:3). Blessings of Obedience The chapter outlines the blessings that come from obedience, including provision, peace, and God's presence. I will give you rains in their season, and the land shall yield its produce (Leviticus 26:4). Consequences of Disobedience Conversely, the passage warns of the severe consequences of disobedience, such as disease, defeat, and desolation. But if you do not listen to Me and carry out all these commandments (Leviticus 26:14). God's Faithfulness Despite the warnings, God remains faithful and offers hope for repentance and restoration. Yet in spite of this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them (Leviticus 26:44). Practical Applications Evaluate Your WalkRegularly assess your life to ensure you are walking in obedience to God's commandments. Seek God's Presence Prioritize your relationship with God, seeking His presence and guidance in all areas of life. Repentance and Restoration Embrace the opportunity for repentance and restoration when you fall short, trusting in God's mercy and faithfulness. Community Accountability Engage with a community of believers who can encourage and hold you accountable in your spiritual journey. People 1. The IsraelitesThe primary audience of Leviticus 26, the Israelites are addressed throughout the chapter. They are the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, and are the chosen people of God to whom the laws and commandments are given. The chapter outlines the blessings they will receive for obedience and the punishments for disobedience. 2. Your Enemies In the context of the consequences for disobedience, "your enemies" refers to the adversaries of the Israelites who will have power over them if they fail to follow God's commandments. The Hebrew word used here is "אֹיְבֵיכֶם" (oyveichem), meaning those who are hostile or adversarial. 3. Those Who Hate You This group is mentioned in the context of the Israelites being pursued by those who bear animosity towards them. The Hebrew term "שֹׂנְאֵיכֶם" (soneichem) is used, indicating individuals who have a deep-seated hatred or enmity. 4. Your Children The chapter also refers to the descendants of the Israelites, emphasizing the generational impact of their obedience or disobedience. The Hebrew word "בָּנִים" (banim) is used, meaning sons or children, highlighting the familial and covenantal relationship. 5. The Nations In the context of scattering the Israelites among the nations as a consequence of disobedience, "the nations" refers to the Gentile peoples outside of Israel. The Hebrew term "גּוֹיִם" (goyim) is used, which commonly denotes non-Israelite peoples or nations. Places 1. SanctuaryIn Leviticus 26:2, the text states, "You must keep My Sabbaths and have reverence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD." The sanctuary here refers to the holy place where God dwells among His people, a central place of worship and reverence. The Hebrew word used is "מִקְדָּשׁ" (miqdash), meaning a sacred or holy place. 2. Land Throughout Leviticus 26, the "land" is frequently mentioned, such as in verses 4, 6, and 34. It refers to the Promised Land that God has given to the Israelites. The Hebrew word "אֶרֶץ" (eretz) is used, which can mean land, earth, or country, emphasizing the physical territory promised to the Israelites. 3. Cities In Leviticus 26:25, it mentions, "And I will bring a sword against you to execute the vengeance of the covenant. When you withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hand of the enemy." Here, "cities" are places of refuge and habitation for the Israelites, but they can also become places of siege and suffering if the people disobey God. 4. Nations In Leviticus 26:33, it states, "But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities become waste." The "nations" refer to foreign lands where the Israelites would be exiled if they disobeyed God. The Hebrew word "גּוֹיִם" (goyim) is used, meaning nations or peoples, often referring to non-Israelite groups. Events 1. Prohibition of IdolatryThe chapter begins with a command against idolatry. "You must not make idols for yourselves or set up a carved image or a sacred pillar, or place a sculpted stone in your land to bow down to it. For I am the LORD your God." (Leviticus 26:1). The Hebrew word for idols here is "אֱלִילִים" (elilim), emphasizing the emptiness or worthlessness of idols. 2. Observance of the Sabbath The Israelites are reminded to keep the Sabbaths. "You must keep My Sabbaths and have reverence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD." (Leviticus 26:2). The Hebrew word for Sabbath is "שַׁבָּת" (shabbat), meaning rest or cessation. 3. Blessings for Obedience God promises blessings for obedience, including rain in its season, fruitful land, and peace. "If you follow My statutes and carefully keep My commandments, I will give you rains in their season, and the land will yield its produce, and the trees of the field will bear their fruit." (Leviticus 26:3-4). 4. Peace and Security God assures peace and security in the land. "I will give peace to the land, and you will lie down with no one to frighten you. I will remove wild beasts from the land, and no sword will pass through your land." (Leviticus 26:6). 5. Victory over Enemies The Israelites will have victory over their enemies. "You will pursue your enemies, and they will fall by the sword before you." (Leviticus 26:7). 6. Multiplication and Covenant God promises to multiply the Israelites and uphold His covenant. "I will turn toward you and make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will establish My covenant with you." (Leviticus 26:9). 7. Presence of God God promises His presence among the people. "I will make My dwelling among you, and My soul will not despise you." (Leviticus 26:11). 8. Curses for Disobedience A series of curses are outlined for disobedience, starting with terror and disease. "But if you do not listen to Me and carry out all these commandments, and if you reject My statutes and despise My ordinances, and fail to carry out all My commandments, and so break My covenant, then I will do the following to you: I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life." (Leviticus 26:14-16). 9. Defeat by Enemies Disobedience will lead to defeat by enemies. "You will be struck down before your enemies, and those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one is pursuing you." (Leviticus 26:17). 10. Drought and Famine God warns of drought and famine as consequences of disobedience. "I will break your stubborn pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze." (Leviticus 26:19). 11. Wild Beasts Wild beasts will be sent among the people. "I will send wild beasts among you, and they will rob you of your children, destroy your cattle, and reduce your numbers until your roads lie desolate." (Leviticus 26:22). 12. Desolation and Exile The ultimate punishment for continued disobedience is desolation and exile. "I will lay waste to your cities and devastate your sanctuaries, and I will refuse to smell the pleasing aroma of your sacrifices." (Leviticus 26:31). 13. Confession and Restoration If the people confess their sins, God promises to remember His covenant. "But if they will confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their fathers—their unfaithfulness and hostility toward Me, which made Me hostile toward them so that I sent them into the land of their enemies—then when their uncircumcised hearts are humbled and they make amends for their iniquity, I will remember My covenant with Jacob and My covenant with Isaac and My covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land." (Leviticus 26:40-42). Topics 1. Prohibition of Idolatry (Leviticus 26:1-2)The chapter begins with a reminder against idolatry, emphasizing the importance of worshiping the one true God. The Hebrew word for idols, "אֱלִילִים" (elilim), underscores the futility and worthlessness of false gods. The Israelites are commanded to keep the Sabbaths and reverence God's sanctuary. 2. Blessings for Obedience (Leviticus 26:3-13) God promises a series of blessings for obedience, including rain in its season, fruitful harvests, peace in the land, and victory over enemies. The Hebrew word "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom) is used to describe the peace and completeness that will be granted. God reassures them of His covenant, stating, "I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people" (Leviticus 26:12). 3. Curses for Disobedience (Leviticus 26:14-39) A detailed list of curses is presented for disobedience, including disease, defeat by enemies, famine, and desolation. The progression of these curses reflects increasing severity, intended to lead the people back to repentance. The Hebrew root "קָרָה" (qarah), meaning to happen or occur, is used to describe the calamities that will befall them. 4. Confession and Restoration (Leviticus 26:40-45) Despite the severe consequences of disobedience, God provides a path to restoration through confession and repentance. The Hebrew word "יָדָה" (yadah), meaning to confess or give thanks, highlights the importance of acknowledging sin. God promises to remember His covenant with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham, and to restore the people if they humble themselves. 5. Conclusion and Summary (Leviticus 26:46) The chapter concludes with a summary statement, affirming that these are the statutes, ordinances, and laws given by the Lord to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. This reinforces the divine authority and covenantal context of the instructions provided. Themes 1. Obedience and BlessingsThe chapter begins with a promise of blessings for those who obey God's commandments. "If you follow My statutes and carefully observe My commandments, I will give you rains in their season, and the land will yield its produce, and the trees of the field will bear their fruit" (Leviticus 26:3-4). The Hebrew root for "statutes" (חֻקּוֹתַי, chukotai) implies decrees or laws that are to be followed. 2. Peace and Security God promises peace and security to those who obey Him. "I will give peace to the land, and you will lie down with no one to frighten you. I will remove dangerous animals from the land, and no sword of war will pass through your land" (Leviticus 26:6). The Hebrew word for peace, "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom), encompasses completeness, safety, and welfare. 3. Victory over Enemies Obedience leads to victory over enemies. "You will pursue your enemies, and they will fall by the sword before you" (Leviticus 26:7). The promise of victory is a recurring theme, emphasizing God's protection and support. 4. Fruitfulness and Prosperity The chapter promises fruitfulness and prosperity as a result of obedience. "I will turn toward you and make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will establish My covenant with you" (Leviticus 26:9). The Hebrew root for "fruitful" (פָּרָה, parah) signifies growth and abundance. 5. God's Presence God promises His presence among His people. "I will make My dwelling among you, and My soul will not despise you" (Leviticus 26:11). The Hebrew word for "dwelling" (מִשְׁכָּן, mishkan) refers to a tabernacle or a place where God resides. 6. Consequences of Disobedience The chapter outlines severe consequences for disobedience. "But if you do not listen to Me and carry out all these commandments... I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life" (Leviticus 26:14, 16). The Hebrew root for "terror" (בֶּהָלָה, behalah) indicates sudden fear or panic. 7. Covenant Relationship The chapter emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and His people. "I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people" (Leviticus 26:12). The Hebrew word for "covenant" (בְּרִית, berit) signifies a binding agreement or promise. 8. Repentance and Restoration Despite the consequences, there is a promise of restoration upon repentance. "But if they will confess their iniquity... then I will remember My covenant with Jacob" (Leviticus 26:40, 42). The Hebrew root for "confess" (יָדָה, yadah) involves acknowledgment and admission of sin. Answering Tough Questions 1. (Leviticus 26:4) How can this chapter’s claim that obedience directly guarantees rainfall be reconciled with modern meteorological science? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does God's prohibition against idol worship in this passage relate to our modern-day lives? 2. How can we practically show reverence for God's sanctuary today? 3. How does God's promise of blessing for obedience encourage you in your spiritual journey? 4. How does the severity of the punishments for disobedience impact your understanding of God's character? 5. How does this passage highlight the importance of personal and communal responsibility in obeying God's commandments? 6. In what ways can we apply the principle of the Sabbath in our lives today? 7. How does the promise of fruitful land and peace symbolize spiritual blessings? 8. What can we learn from the repeating pattern of disobedience and divine correction in this passage? 9. How does this passage illustrate God's justice and mercy? 10. How does the concept of repentance in this passage apply to present-day believers? 11. How do the promises of God in this passage encourage you in times of difficulty? 12. What does God's steadfast covenant teach us about His unchanging nature? 13. How does this passage challenge your understanding of the consequences of sin? 14. In what ways does this passage illustrate the importance of confession and humility before God? 15. How does God's promise to remember His covenant with the Patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) encourage you in your faith journey? 16. How can you apply the teachings of this passage in your relationships with others? 17. What does the final verse convey about the relationship between God and the Israelites? 18. How does this passage provide insights into the character and attributes of God? 19. How can you apply the teachings of this passage in your personal prayer life? 20. How can you use the lessons from this passage to influence your community positively? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions |
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