Topical Bible: Music: Instruments of Dulcimer, a Double Pipe

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Dulcimer

The dulcimer, as referenced in biblical contexts, is an ancient stringed instrument that is often associated with the music of the Near East. The term "dulcimer" is used in some English translations of the Bible, notably in the book of Daniel, to describe an instrument that was part of the ensemble used in the worship of Nebuchadnezzar's golden image. In Daniel 3:5 , it is written: "As soon as you hear the sound of the horn, flute, zither, lyre, harp, pipes, and all kinds of music, you must fall down and worship the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar has set up."

The instrument referred to as a "dulcimer" in some translations is likely a mistranslation of the Aramaic word "sumponyah," which is more accurately understood as a type of bagpipe or double pipe, rather than the hammered dulcimer known today. The dulcimer, as we understand it in modern times, is a trapezoidal instrument with strings struck by small hammers, but this is not the instrument described in the biblical text.

Double Pipe

The double pipe, often associated with ancient musical practices, is a wind instrument consisting of two pipes played simultaneously. This instrument is akin to the Greek "aulos" or the Roman "tibia," both of which were prevalent in ancient musical traditions. The double pipe was known for its ability to produce harmonious and complex sounds, making it a popular choice for both secular and religious music.

While the Bible does not explicitly mention the double pipe by name, the concept of wind instruments is prevalent throughout the Scriptures. For instance, in 1 Samuel 10:5 , the text describes a group of prophets coming down from the high place with "harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres being played before them." The "flutes" mentioned here could potentially include instruments similar to the double pipe, given the variety of wind instruments used in ancient Israelite culture.

The use of wind instruments, including those similar to the double pipe, was integral to the worship practices and cultural expressions of the biblical world. These instruments were often used in celebrations, religious ceremonies, and even in prophetic contexts, as seen in the life of King Saul and the company of prophets.

In summary, while the specific term "dulcimer" may not accurately reflect the instruments of the biblical era, the presence of stringed and wind instruments like the double pipe highlights the rich musical heritage of the ancient Near East. These instruments played a significant role in the worship and cultural life of the people, as evidenced by their frequent mention in the Scriptures.

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Daniel 3:5,10,15
That at what time you hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of music, you fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king has set up:
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