Korah’s Rebellion 1Now Korah son of Izhar, the son of Kohath son of Levi, along with some Reubenites—Dathan and Abiram, sons of Eliab, and On son of Peleth—conducted 2a rebellion against Moses, along with 250 men of Israel renowned as leaders of the congregation and representatives in the assembly. 3They came together against Moses and Aaron and told them, “You have taken too much upon yourselves!a For everyone in the entire congregation is holy, and the LORD is in their midst. Why then do you exalt yourselves above the assembly of the LORD?” 4When Moses heard this, he fell facedown. 5Then he said to Korah and all his followers, “Tomorrow morning the LORD will reveal who belongs to Himb and who is holy, and He will bring that person near to Himself. The one He chooses He will bring near to Himself. 6You, Korah, and all your followers are to do as follows: Take censers, 7and tomorrow you are to place fire and incense in them in the presence of the LORD. Then the man the LORD chooses will be the one who is holy. It is you sons of Levi who have taken too much upon yourselves!” 8Moses also said to Korah, “Now listen, you sons of Levi! 9Is it not enough for you that the God of Israel has separated you from the congregation of Israel and brought you near to Himself to perform the work at the LORD’s tabernacle, and to stand before the congregation to minister to them? 10He has brought you near, you and all your fellow Levites, but you are seeking the priesthood as well. 11Therefore, it is you and all your followers who have conspired against the LORD! As for Aaron, who is he that you should grumble against him?” 12Then Moses summoned Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, but they said, “We will not come! 13Is it not enough that you have brought us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey to kill us in the wilderness? Must you also appoint yourself as ruler over us? 14Moreover, you have not brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey or given us an inheritance of fields and vineyards. Will you gouge out the eyes of these men? No, we will not come!” 15Then Moses became very angry and said to the LORD, “Do not regard their offering. I have not taken one donkey from them or mistreated a single one of them.” 16And Moses said to Korah, “You and all your followers are to appear before the LORD tomorrow—you and they and Aaron. 17Each man is to take his censer, place incense in it, and present it before the LORD—250 censers. You and Aaron are to present your censers as well.” 18So each man took his censer, put fire and incense in it, and stood with Moses and Aaron at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 19When Korah had gathered his whole assembly against them at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, the glory of the LORD appeared to the whole congregation. 20And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 21“Separate yourselves from this congregation so that I may consume them in an instant.” 22But Moses and Aaron fell facedown and said, “O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, when one man sins, will You be angry with the whole congregation?” Moses Separates the People 23Then the LORD said to Moses, 24“Tell the congregation to move away from the dwellings of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram.” 25So Moses got up and went to Dathan and Abiram, and the elders of Israel followed him. 26And he warned the congregation, “Move away now from the tents of these wicked men. Do not touch anything that belongs to them, or you will be swept away because of all their sins.” 27So they moved away from the dwellings of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. Meanwhile, Dathan and Abiram had come out and stood at the entrances to their tents with their wives and children and infants. The Earth Swallows Korah 28Then Moses said, “This is how you will know that the LORD has sent me to do all these things, for it was not my own doing: 29If these men die a natural death, or if they suffer the fate of all men, then the LORD has not sent me. 30But if the LORD brings about something unprecedented, and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them and all that belongs to them so that they go down alive into Sheol, then you will know that these men have treated the LORD with contempt.” 31As soon as Moses had finished saying all this, the ground beneath them split open, 32and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and their households—all Korah’s men and all their possessions. 33They went down alive into Sheol with all they owned. The earth closed over them, and they vanished from the assembly. 34At their cries, all the people of Israel who were around them fled, saying, “The earth may swallow us too!” 35And fire came forth from the LORD and consumed the 250 men who were offering the incense. The Censers Reserved for Holy Use 36Then the LORD said to Moses, 37“Tell Eleazar son of Aaron the priest to remove the censers from the flames and to scatter the coals far away, because the censers are holy. 38As for the censers of those who sinned at the cost of their own lives, hammer them into sheets to overlay the altar, for these were presented before the LORD, and so have become holy. They will serve as a sign to the Israelites.” 39So Eleazar the priest took the bronze censers brought by those who had been burned up, and he had them hammered out to overlay the altar, 40just as the LORD commanded him through Moses. This was to be a reminder to the Israelites that no outsider who is not a descendant of Aaron should approach to offer incense before the LORD, lest he become like Korah and his followers. Murmuring and Plague 41The next day the whole congregation of Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron, saying, “You have killed the LORD’s people!” 42But when the congregation gathered against them, Moses and Aaron turned toward the Tent of Meeting, and suddenly the cloud covered it and the glory of the LORD appeared. 43Then Moses and Aaron went to the front of the Tent of Meeting, 44and the LORD said to Moses, 45“Get away from this congregation so that I may consume them in an instant.” And Moses and Aaron fell facedown. 46Moses said to Aaron, “Take your censer, place fire from the altar in it, and add incense. Go quickly to the congregation and make atonement for them, because wrath has come out from the LORD; the plague has begun.” 47So Aaron took the censer as Moses had ordered and ran into the midst of the assembly. And seeing that the plague had begun among the people, he offered the incense and made atonement for the people. 48He stood between the living and the dead, and the plague was halted. 49But those who died from the plague numbered 14,700, in addition to those who had died on account of Korah. 50Then Aaron returned to Moses at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, since the plague had been halted. Footnotes: 3 a Figuratively You have gone too far or You have appropriated too much authority to yourselves; similarly in verse 7 5 b LXX God has visited and knows those who are His; cited in 2 Timothy 2:19 Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  Numbers 16 Summary Korah's RebellionVerses 1–3 – Korah’s Challenge Verses 4–7 – The Test Proposed Verses 8–11 – Levite Privilege Misused Verses 12–15 – Dathan and Abiram Refuse Verses 16–19 – Rebels Assemble at the Tent Verses 20–22 – Intercession Begins Verses 23–30 – Warning and Separation Verses 31–35 – Earthquake and Fire Verses 36–40 – Bronze Memorial Plates Verses 41–43 – A Second Murmuring Verses 44–50 – Plague Stopped by Incense Numbers 16 presents a momentous challenge to the leadership of Moses and Aaron, and the authority of God Himself. The chapter centers around the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against the chosen leaders of the Israelites. Their challenge is met with divine judgment, showcasing the Lord's intolerance for rebellion and His affirmation of Moses and Aaron's roles. Historical and Cultural Setting • Location: Likely near Kadesh in the wilderness of Paran, shortly after Israel’s refusal to enter Canaan (Numbers 14). • Tribal Dynamics: Korah is a descendant of Kohath, entrusted with carrying the holiest objects (Numbers 4:1-15). Dathan and Abiram are Reubenites, descendants of Jacob’s firstborn. Their alliance blends priestly ambition with claims to firstborn privilege. • Camp Layout: Kohathites camped south of the tabernacle, as did the tribe of Reuben (Numbers 2:10; 3:29), facilitating their conspiracy. • Incense and Censers: In Near-Eastern worship, incense symbolized acceptable prayer (Psalm 141:2). Only Aaronic priests could approach the altar of incense (Exodus 30:7-8). Unauthorized fire had already cost Nadab and Abihu their lives (Leviticus 10:1-2). Archaeological and Scientific Notes • Earthquake Imagery: The rift valleys and fault lines around the Arabah and Dead Sea make sudden earth fissures conceivable. While no direct dig confirms Korah’s pit, geological activity underscores the plausibility. • Metal Censers: Excavations in Timna and other Sinai sites have uncovered Midianite and Egyptian bronze artifacts showing the widespread availability of copper-alloy vessels in the Late Bronze Age. Hammering them into plating fits ancient recycling practices for holy use. Theological Themes in Plain Language 1. God-Given Roles – Priests (Aaron’s line) offered sacrifices; Levites assisted. Mixing these roles invited judgment. Compare 2 Chron 26:16-21, where King Uzziah is struck with leprosy for burning incense. 2. Holiness Is God’s Standard – Korah said, “All the congregation is holy” (v. 3), twisting a truth (Exodus 19:6) into license. Holiness is bestowed by God, not seized. 3. Mediator Needed – Moses and Aaron fall facedown repeatedly (vv. 4, 22, 45). Aaron’s censer intercedes, foreshadowing Christ, who stands “between the living and the dead” (1 Timothy 2:5). 4. Sin Spreads – One man’s rebellion births community-wide murmuring and a lethal plague (cf. 1 Corinthians 5:6, “a little yeast”). 5. Physical Memorials – Bronze altar plating becomes a visual reminder, like the twelve-stone memorial at the Jordan (Joshua 4). Tangible objects help future generations remember boundaries God sets. Literary Structure and Repetition • Framing Devices: The chapter begins and ends with incense—a forbidden use (vv. 6-7) and a saving use (v. 47). • Two Waves of Judgment: First targeted (earth/fire), then widespread (plague). Both are halted by intercession. • Parallel Phrases: “Moses and Aaron fell facedown” (vv. 4, 22, 45) emphasizes their servant-leadership. Links to Other Scriptures • Jude 11 warns of those who “perished in Korah’s rebellion,” connecting Numbers 16 to New Testament teaching on false teachers. • Psalm 106:16-18 recounts the event as proof that jealousy against God’s chosen servants provokes swift judgment. • Hebrews 5:4 states, “No one takes this honor upon himself,” echoing Moses’ rebuke to Korah. Practical Takeaways • Respect God’s assignments: striving for positions God has not given invites trouble. • Intercession matters: standing in the gap can rescue many. • Grumbling is contagious: watch your words; they can spark wider rebellion. • Remember lessons: tangible reminders—whether a journal note or a symbol—help keep God’s boundaries clear today. Application for Today’s Believer Just as Aaron ran into the crowd with incense, believers carry the message of Christ’s atonement into a world under the plague of sin. Staying thankful for our God-given place in the body (1 Corinthians 12) and praying for those in authority (1 Timothy 2:1-2) guard against the mindset of Korah. Connections to Additional Scriptures Romans 13:1-2Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. Hebrews 13:17 Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who must give an account. To this end, allow them to lead with joy and not with grief, for that would be of no advantage to you. 1 Peter 5:5 Young men, in the same way, submit yourselves to your elders. And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because, 'God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.' Teaching Points The Nature of RebellionNumbers 16:1-3 describes how Korah, along with Dathan, Abiram, and 250 community leaders, rose up against Moses and Aaron, questioning their leadership and authority. This rebellion was rooted in pride and jealousy. God's Response to Rebellion In Numbers 16:20-21, God expresses His anger towards the rebels and instructs Moses and Aaron to separate themselves from the assembly so He can consume them. This highlights God's intolerance for rebellion against His appointed leaders. Intercession and Mercy Moses and Aaron intercede for the people in Numbers 16:22, demonstrating their compassion and desire for the people's repentance despite the rebellion. Divine Judgment Numbers 16:31-35 recounts the earth opening up to swallow Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and their households, while fire consumes the 250 men offering incense. This serves as a stark warning of the consequences of defying God's authority. The Importance of Holiness In Numbers 16:37-40, God instructs Eleazar to make the censers of the rebels into hammered sheets to overlay the altar, as a reminder that only those chosen by God may approach Him in holiness. Practical Applications Respect for AuthorityRecognize and respect the authority God has placed in our lives, whether in the church, workplace, or government. Guard Against Pride Examine our hearts for pride and jealousy, which can lead to rebellion against God's will. Value Intercession Follow the example of Moses and Aaron by praying for those who oppose us, seeking their repentance and restoration. Heed Warnings Take seriously the warnings in Scripture about the consequences of sin and rebellion. Pursue Holiness Strive to live a life of holiness, understanding that God calls us to be set apart for His purposes. People 1. KorahA Levite from the family of Kohath, Korah is the primary instigator of the rebellion against Moses and Aaron. He challenges their leadership, questioning why they exalt themselves above the assembly of the Lord. The Hebrew root of his name, קֹרַח (Qorach), can mean "bald" or "ice," possibly indicating a cold or hardened heart. 2. Dathan A Reubenite, Dathan is one of the co-conspirators with Korah. He, along with Abiram, refuses to come when summoned by Moses, showing open defiance. His name in Hebrew, דָּתָן (Dathan), is thought to mean "fountain" or "belonging to a fountain." 3. Abiram Another Reubenite and co-conspirator with Korah, Abiram joins Dathan in resisting Moses' authority. His name, אֲבִירָם (Abiram), means "my father is exalted" in Hebrew, which is ironic given his rebellion against God's appointed leaders. 4. On Also a Reubenite, On is initially mentioned as part of the rebellion but does not appear later in the narrative, suggesting he may have withdrawn from the conflict. His name, אוֹן (On), means "strength" or "wealth" in Hebrew. 5. Moses The leader of the Israelites, Moses is the primary target of the rebellion. He responds by falling face down in humility and seeking God's guidance. His name, מֹשֶׁה (Mosheh), is derived from the Hebrew root meaning "to draw out," reflecting his being drawn out of the Nile as a baby. 6. Aaron The brother of Moses and the high priest, Aaron is also challenged by the rebels. He stands with Moses in defense of their God-given roles. His name, אַהֲרֹן (Aharon), is of uncertain origin, but it may mean "mountain of strength" or "enlightened." Places 1. The WildernessThe events of Numbers 16 take place during the Israelites' journey through the wilderness after their exodus from Egypt. The wilderness serves as the backdrop for the rebellion and the divine interventions that follow. In the Hebrew context, the term for wilderness, "מִדְבָּר" (midbar), often signifies a desolate or uninhabited land, which is where the Israelites were during this period. While the chapter does not specify particular locations, understanding the wilderness setting is crucial for interpreting the events from a conservative Christian perspective, as it highlights the Israelites' ongoing journey and reliance on God's guidance and provision. Events 1. Korah's RebellionKorah, along with Dathan, Abiram, and On, leads a rebellion against Moses and Aaron. They question the leadership and holiness of Moses and Aaron, claiming, "You have gone too far! For all the congregation are holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them" (Numbers 16:3). The Hebrew word for "holy" here is "קָדוֹשׁ" (qadosh), emphasizing their claim that all the community is set apart. 2. Moses' Response Moses falls facedown and proposes a test to determine whom the LORD has chosen. He instructs Korah and his followers to take censers and present incense before the LORD the next day (Numbers 16:4-7). 3. Confrontation with Dathan and Abiram Dathan and Abiram refuse to come when summoned by Moses, accusing him of failing to bring them into a land of milk and honey and questioning his leadership (Numbers 16:12-14). 4. The LORD's Warning The LORD instructs Moses and Aaron to separate themselves from the assembly so He may consume them in an instant. Moses and Aaron intercede, pleading for the congregation, asking, "O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, when one man sins, will You be angry with the whole congregation?" (Numbers 16:22). 5. Judgment on the Rebels Moses warns the assembly to move away from the tents of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. The ground opens up and swallows them, their households, and all their possessions, signifying divine judgment (Numbers 16:23-33). 6. Fire from the LORD Fire comes out from the LORD and consumes the 250 men offering incense, demonstrating the LORD's holiness and the seriousness of unauthorized worship (Numbers 16:35). 7. The Aftermath and Memorial The LORD instructs Eleazar, the son of Aaron, to collect the censers from the charred remains and hammer them into a covering for the altar as a sign to the Israelites (Numbers 16:36-40). 8. The People's Grumbling and Plague The next day, the entire congregation grumbles against Moses and Aaron, blaming them for the deaths. The LORD's anger is kindled, and a plague begins among the people (Numbers 16:41-46). 9. Aaron's Intercession Aaron, following Moses' instruction, takes a censer with incense and makes atonement for the people, standing between the living and the dead until the plague is halted (Numbers 16:47-48). 10. The Plague's Toll The chapter concludes with the death toll from the plague being recorded as 14,700, in addition to those who died because of Korah (Numbers 16:49-50). Topics 1. The Rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and AbiramNumbers 16 begins with the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses and Aaron. They challenge the leadership and priestly authority established by God. The Hebrew root for "rebellion" (מָרָד, marad) signifies a deliberate act of defiance. 2. The Accusation Against Moses and Aaron The rebels accuse Moses and Aaron of exalting themselves above the assembly of the LORD. They claim, "You have gone too far! For all the congregation is holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them" (Numbers 16:3). This reflects a misunderstanding of God's chosen order. 3. Moses' Response and the Test of Censers Moses responds by proposing a test to determine whom the LORD has chosen. Each man is to take his censer and present it before the LORD. The Hebrew word for "censer" (מַחְתָּה, machtah) refers to a vessel used for burning incense, symbolizing prayer and worship. 4. The LORD's Judgment on the Rebels God instructs Moses and Aaron to separate themselves from the assembly so He can consume the rebels. Moses intercedes, and God commands the congregation to move away from the tents of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. The earth then opens up and swallows the rebels, demonstrating divine judgment. 5. The Aftermath and the Plague Following the rebellion, the Israelites grumble against Moses and Aaron, blaming them for the deaths. A plague breaks out as a result of their continued rebellion, but Aaron makes atonement with incense, standing between the living and the dead to stop the plague. 6. The Significance of Aaron's Rod Although not explicitly detailed in Numbers 16, the subsequent chapters highlight the significance of Aaron's rod as a sign of God's chosen priesthood. This event underscores the importance of divine authority and order within the community. Themes 1. Rebellion Against God-Appointed LeadershipNumbers 16 begins with Korah, Dathan, and Abiram leading a rebellion against Moses and Aaron. This theme highlights the danger of challenging divinely appointed authority. The Hebrew root for "rebellion" (מָרָד, marad) emphasizes a willful defiance against God's established order. ^“They came together against Moses and Aaron and told them, ‘You have gone too far! All the congregation is holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them. Why then do you exalt yourselves above the assembly of the LORD?’”^ (Numbers 16:3). 2. Divine Judgment and Vindication The chapter illustrates God's judgment on those who oppose His chosen leaders. The earth swallowing the rebels (Numbers 16:31-33) serves as a dramatic vindication of Moses and Aaron. The Hebrew word for "judgment" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) underscores God's righteous decision-making. ^“As soon as Moses had finished saying all this, the ground beneath them split open, and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and their households—all Korah’s men and all their possessions.”^ (Numbers 16:31-32). 3. Intercession and Mercy Despite the rebellion, Moses and Aaron intercede for the people, demonstrating a theme of mercy and the power of intercession. The Hebrew root for "intercede" (פָּגַע, paga) conveys the act of intervening on behalf of others. ^“Then Moses said to Aaron, ‘Take your censer, place fire from the altar in it, add incense, and take it quickly to the congregation to make atonement for them. For wrath has come out from the LORD; the plague has begun.’”^ (Numbers 16:46). 4. Holiness and Separation The rebellion underscores the importance of holiness and separation unto God. The rebels' claim that "all the congregation is holy" (Numbers 16:3) is contrasted with God's specific calling of Moses and Aaron. The Hebrew word for "holy" (קָדוֹשׁ, qadosh) signifies being set apart for divine purpose. ^“Separate yourselves from this congregation so that I may consume them in an instant.”^ (Numbers 16:21). 5. The Consequences of Sin The narrative demonstrates the severe consequences of sin and disobedience. The death of the rebels serves as a warning to the Israelites and to readers about the seriousness of sin. The Hebrew term for "sin" (חֵטְא, chet) implies missing the mark of God's standard. ^“And fire came forth from the LORD and consumed the 250 men who were offering the incense.”^ (Numbers 16:35). Answering Tough Questions 1. How could the earth physically open and swallow people as described in Numbers 16:31–33? 2. If God is just, why were thousands punished for the actions of a few in Numbers 16:49? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What does Korah's rebellion teach us about the danger of questioning God's chosen authority? 2. How do Moses' actions reflect his leadership and faith when faced with opposition? 3. Why do you think the followers of Korah were so quick to challenge Moses and Aaron's authority? 4. How did Moses respond to the false accusations against him? How can we apply this to our lives when faced with false accusations? 5. In what ways does God demonstrate His holiness and sovereignty in this chapter? 6. How does the role of intercession by Moses and Aaron resonate with Christ's intercession for us? 7. How does the sudden judgment of God reflect on His nature, specifically His intolerance for sin and rebellion? 8. What lessons can be drawn from the punishment of Korah and his followers? 9. How does Numbers 16 shape our understanding of faithfulness and obedience to God's commands? 10. How does God's command to turn the censers into a covering for the altar symbolize the consequences of rebellion? 11. What do we learn about the collective responsibility and impact of individual actions on a community from the plague incident? 12. How should we handle situations when we feel leaders are misusing their authority? 13. How can we discern whether our questioning of authority is justified or a form of rebellion? 14. How can we balance the line between rightful questioning and sinful challenging of God's order in our lives? 15. What steps can we take to ensure we are not swept up in collective disobedience or rebellion like the Israelites? 16. Why is it important to respond swiftly and decisively when we realize we have sinned, as Aaron did when he made atonement during the plague? 17. How can we cultivate a heart of intercession for others, like Moses and Aaron demonstrated? 18. How can we apply the lessons of Numbers 16 in dealing with discord and division in our modern day churches? 19. How does this chapter inform your understanding of God's justice and mercy? 20. How does the narrative of Numbers 16 inspire you to remain faithful even when you are faced with opposition or challenges in your life? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions |
    |