Deuteronomy 21:4
New International Version
and lead it down to a valley that has not been plowed or planted and where there is a flowing stream. There in the valley they are to break the heifer’s neck.

New Living Translation
They must lead it down to a valley that has not been plowed or planted and that has a stream running through it. There in the valley they must break the heifer’s neck.

English Standard Version
And the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

Berean Standard Bible
bring the heifer to a valley with running water that has not been plowed or sown, and break its neck there by the stream.

King James Bible
And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer's neck there in the valley:

New King James Version
The elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with flowing water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

New American Standard Bible
and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which has not been plowed or sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

NASB 1995
and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which has not been plowed or sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

NASB 1977
and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which has not been plowed or sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

Legacy Standard Bible
and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which has not been plowed or sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

Amplified Bible
and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a [river] valley with running water, which has not been plowed or planted, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

Christian Standard Bible
The elders of that city will bring the cow down to a continually flowing stream, to a place not tilled or sown, and they will break its neck there by the stream.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The elders of that city will bring the cow down to a continually flowing stream, to a place not tilled or sown, and they will break its neck there by the stream.

American Standard Version
and the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.

English Revised Version
and the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The leaders of that city will bring the heifer down to a river, to a location where the land hasn't been plowed or planted. At the river they must break the heifer's neck.

Good News Translation
They are to take it down to a spot near a stream that never runs dry and where the ground has never been plowed or planted, and there they are to break its neck.

International Standard Version
and are to lead the heifer to a flowing stream in a valley that has never been tilled or planted. They are to break the heifer's neck there.

Majority Standard Bible
bring the heifer to a valley with running water that has not been plowed or sown, and break its neck there by the stream.

NET Bible
and bring the heifer down to a wadi with flowing water, to a valley that is neither plowed nor sown. There at the wadi they are to break the heifer's neck.

New Heart English Bible
and the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer to a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer to a rough valley, which is neither tilled nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer's neck there in the valley;

World English Bible
The elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and [the] elderly of that city have brought down the heifer to a hard valley, which is not tilled nor sown, and have beheaded the heifer there in the valley.

Young's Literal Translation
and the elders of that city have brought down the heifer unto a hard valley, which is not tilled nor sown, and have beheaded there the heifer in the valley.

Smith's Literal Translation
And the old men of that city brought down the heifer to a perennial valley which shall not be worked in it, and shall not be sown, and they break there the neck of the heifer in the valley;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And they shall bring her into a rough and stony valley, that never was ploughed, nor sown: and there they shall strike off the head of the heifer:

Catholic Public Domain Version
And they shall lead it into a rough and stony valley, one which has never been tilled or sown. And in that place, they shall cut the neck of the calf.

New American Bible
the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a wadi with an everflowing stream at a place that has not been plowed or sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the wadi.

New Revised Standard Version
the elders of that town shall bring the heifer down to a wadi with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the wadi.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer to a barren valley which has never been ploughed nor sown, and shall slaughter the heifer there in the valley;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the Elders of this city shall bring down the heifer to a barren valley that is not cultivated and was not sown, and slaughter the heifer there in the valley:
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer into a rough valley, which has not been tilled and is not sown, and they shall slay the heifer in the valley.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Atonement for an Unsolved Murder
3Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work, 4bring the heifer to a valley with running water that has not been plowed or sown, and break its neck there by the stream. 5And the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, for the LORD your God has chosen them to serve Him and pronounce blessings in His name and to give a ruling in every dispute and case of assault.…

Cross References
Numbers 35:33-34
Do not pollute the land where you live, for bloodshed pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land on which the blood is shed, except by the blood of the one who shed it. / Do not defile the land where you live and where I dwell. For I, the LORD, dwell among the Israelites.”

Leviticus 17:13
And if any Israelite or foreigner living among them hunts down a wild animal or bird that may be eaten, he must drain its blood and cover it with dirt.

Genesis 9:6
Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man his blood will be shed; for in His own image God has made mankind.

Exodus 21:12-14
Whoever strikes and kills a man must surely be put to death. / If, however, he did not lie in wait, but God allowed it to happen, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee. / But if a man schemes and acts willfully against his neighbor to kill him, you must take him away from My altar to be put to death.

Numbers 35:6-8
Six of the cities you give the Levites are to be appointed as cities of refuge, to which a manslayer may flee. In addition to these, give the Levites forty-two other cities. / The total number of cities you give the Levites will be forty-eight, with their corresponding pasturelands. / The cities that you apportion from the territory of the Israelites should be given to the Levites in proportion to the inheritance of each tribe: more from a larger tribe and less from a smaller one.”

Joshua 20:1-9
Then the LORD said to Joshua, / “Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge, as I instructed you through Moses, / so that anyone who kills another unintentionally or accidentally may flee there. These will be your refuge from the avenger of blood. ...

1 Samuel 6:14
The cart came to the field of Joshua of Beth-shemesh and stopped there near a large rock. The people chopped up the cart and offered the cows as a burnt offering to the LORD.

2 Samuel 21:1-9
During the reign of David there was a famine for three successive years, and David sought the face of the LORD. And the LORD said, “It is because of the blood shed by Saul and his family, because he killed the Gibeonites.” / At this, David summoned the Gibeonites and spoke to them. (Now the Gibeonites were not Israelites, but a remnant of the Amorites. The Israelites had taken an oath concerning them, but in his zeal for Israel and Judah, Saul had sought to kill them.) / So David asked the Gibeonites, “What shall I do for you? How can I make amends so that you may bless the inheritance of the LORD?” ...

Isaiah 53:7
He was oppressed and afflicted, yet He did not open His mouth. He was led like a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so He did not open His mouth.

Ezekiel 18:20
The soul who sins is the one who will die. A son will not bear the iniquity of his father, and a father will not bear the iniquity of his son. The righteousness of the righteous man will fall upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked man will fall upon him.

Matthew 27:24
When Pilate saw that he was accomplishing nothing, but that instead a riot was breaking out, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd. “I am innocent of this man’s blood,” he said. “You bear the responsibility.”

Hebrews 9:22
According to the law, in fact, nearly everything must be purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.

Romans 3:25
God presented Him as an atoning sacrifice in His blood through faith, in order to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance He had passed over the sins committed beforehand.

1 John 1:7
But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.

Acts 3:14-15
You rejected the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a murderer be released to you. / You killed the Author of life, but God raised Him from the dead, and we are witnesses of this fact.


Treasury of Scripture

And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer to a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer's neck there in the valley:

shall strike

1 Peter 2:21-24
For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps: …

1 Peter 3:18
For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:

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Break City Cow Elders Ever-Flowing Hard Heifer Heifer's Lead Neck Planted Ploughed Plowed Rough Running Sown Stream Strike Tilled Valley Water Watercourse
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Break City Cow Elders Ever-Flowing Hard Heifer Heifer's Lead Neck Planted Ploughed Plowed Rough Running Sown Stream Strike Tilled Valley Water Watercourse
Deuteronomy 21
1. The Atonement for an Unsolved Murder
10. The usage of a captive taken to wife
15. The firstborn is not to be disinherited upon private affection
18. A rebellious son is to be stoned to death
22. The malefactor must not hang all night on a tree














the elders of that city
In ancient Israel, the elders were respected leaders and decision-makers within the community. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zəqēnîm), which denotes those with wisdom and experience. Their involvement in this ritual underscores the communal responsibility for justice and purity, reflecting the importance of leadership in maintaining societal order and spiritual integrity.

shall bring the heifer
The heifer, or "פָּרָה" (parah) in Hebrew, is a young cow that has not borne a calf. In this context, it symbolizes innocence and purity. The use of a heifer in this ritual highlights the need for a blameless sacrifice to atone for the unsolved murder, pointing to the seriousness with which God views the shedding of innocent blood.

down to a valley
The Hebrew word for "valley" is "נַחַל" (nachal), which often refers to a wadi or a ravine. Valleys in biblical times were significant as places of fertility and life, but also as locations for solemn rituals. This setting emphasizes the gravity of the act being performed, away from the city, in a secluded and natural environment.

with running water
The phrase "running water" translates from the Hebrew "מַיִם חַיִּים" (mayim chayyim), meaning "living water." This symbolizes purification and life. The presence of living water in the ritual signifies the cleansing power of God, who alone can purify the land from the defilement of innocent blood.

which has not been plowed or sown
This description indicates a land that is untouched and pure, "אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵד בּוֹ וְלֹא יִזָּרֵעַ" (asher lo ye'aved bo velo yizzara). The unworked land represents a state of innocence and neutrality, suitable for a ritual seeking to restore purity and justice.

they shall break the heifer’s neck
The act of breaking the heifer's neck, "וְעָרְפוּ שָׁם אֶת-הָעֶגְלָה" (ve'arfu sham et-ha'eglah), is a solemn and irreversible act. It signifies the seriousness of the crime and the community's commitment to seeking atonement. This act of sacrifice without shedding blood points to the gravity of the situation and the need for divine intervention.

there in the valley
The location "in the valley" underscores the separation from the community, indicating that the act of atonement is both a public and a sacred duty. It serves as a reminder of the community's collective responsibility to uphold justice and seek God's mercy in times of moral crisis.

Verse 4. - A rough valley; literally, a stream of perpetuity, a perennial stream (cf. Psalm 74:15, Authorized Version, "mighty rivers;" Amos 5:24); but here rather the valley or wady through which a stream flowed, as is evident from its being described as neither eared - that is, ploughed (literally, wrought, tilled) - nor sown; a place which had not been profaned by the hand of man, but was in a state of nature. "This regulation as to the locality in which the act of expiation was to be performed was probably founded on the idea that the water of the brook-valley would suck in the blood and clean it away, and that the blood sucked in by the earth would not be brought to light again by the ploughing and working of the soil" (Keil). Strike off the heifer's neck there in the valley; rather, break the heifer's neck. As this was not an act of sacrifice, for which the shedding of blood would have been required, but simply a symbolical representation of the infliction of death on the undiscovered murderer, the animal was to be killed by breaking its neck (cf. Exodus 13:13).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
bring
וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ (wə·hō·w·ri·ḏū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3381: To come or go down, descend

the heifer
הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ (hā·‘eḡ·lāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5697: A, calf, one nearly grown

to
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

a valley
נַ֣חַל (na·ḥal)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5158: A stream, a winter torrent, a, valley, a shaft

with running water
אֵיתָ֔ן (’ê·ṯān)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 386: Perennial, ever-flowing, permanence

that
אֲשֶׁ֛ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

has not
לֹא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

been plowed
יֵעָבֵ֥ד (yê·‘ā·ḇêḏ)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5647: To work, to serve, till, enslave

or sown,
יִזָּרֵ֑עַ (yiz·zā·rê·a‘)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2232: To sow, to disseminate, plant, fructify

and break its
הָעֶגְלָ֖ה (hā·‘eḡ·lāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5697: A, calf, one nearly grown

neck
וְעָֽרְפוּ־ (wə·‘ā·rə·p̄ū-)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 6202: To break the neck, to destroy

there
שָׁ֥ם (šām)
Adverb
Strong's 8033: There, then, thither

by the stream.
בַּנָּֽחַל׃ (ban·nā·ḥal)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5158: A stream, a winter torrent, a, valley, a shaft


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 21:4 And the elders of that city shall (Deut. De Du)
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