Strong's Lexicon thumos: Wrath, anger, passion, fierceness, indignation Original Word: θυμός Word Origin: Derived from the Greek verb θύω (thuo), meaning "to rush" or "to breathe hard." Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The Hebrew equivalent often associated with "thumos" is חֵמָה (chemah), which also denotes wrath or fierce anger. Examples include: - Proverbs 15:18 (BSB): "A hot-tempered (chemah) man stirs up strife, but he who is slow to anger calms a dispute." - Isaiah 13:9 (BSB): "Behold, the day of the LORD is coming—cruel, with fury and burning anger (chemah)—to make the earth a desolation and to destroy the sinners within it." Usage: In the New Testament, "thumos" is often used to describe a passionate, intense form of anger or wrath. It conveys a sense of boiling agitation or a sudden outburst of emotion. This term is frequently associated with divine wrath or human anger that is intense and often destructive. It is distinct from "orge," another Greek word for anger, which implies a more settled or abiding state of mind. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Greek culture, "thumos" was understood as a powerful force within the human psyche, often linked to the soul's spirited part. It was seen as a driving force behind courage and action but also as a potential source of destructive rage if not controlled. In the context of the New Testament, "thumos" reflects the intense emotions that can lead to sin if not tempered by the Holy Spirit. HELPS Word-studies 2372 thymós (from thyō, "rush along, getting heated up, breathing violently," cf. J. Thayer) – properly, passion-driven behavior, i.e. actions emerging out of strong impulses (intense emotion). When 2372 /thymós ("expressed passion") is used of people it indicates rage (personal venting of anger, worth). This flaw is completely absent of the Lord expressing (inspiring) intense anger. Accordingly, 2372 (thymós) is used of God's perfect, holy wrath in Revelation (Rev 14:10,19,15:1, etc.). This anger is directed against sin with intense opposition and without sin. [Only the Lord exercises righteous wrath, so we must depend solely on Him as we experience (express) anger.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom the same as thuella Definition passion NASB Translation angry tempers (1), fierce (2), indignation (1), outbursts of anger (1), passion (2), rage (2), wrath (9). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2372: θυμόςθυμός, θυμοῦ, ὁ (from θύω to rush along or on, be in a heat, breathe violently; hence, Plato correctly says, Cratyl., p. 419 e., θυμός ἀπό τῆς θυσεως καί ζεσεως τῆς ψυχῆς; accordingly it signifies both the spirit panting as it were in the body, and the rage with which the man pants and swells) (from Homer down), the Sept. often for אַף anger, and חֵמָהexcandescentia; also for חָרוןaestus. In the N. T.: 1. passion, angry heat (excandescentia, Cicero, Tusc. 4, 9, 21), anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again (ὀργή, on the other hand, denotes indignation which has arisen gradually and become more settled; (cf. (Plato) deff. 415 e. θυμός. ὁρμή βίαιος ἄνευ λογισμοῦ. νόσος τάξεως ψυχῆς ἀλογιστου. ὀργή. παράκλησις τοῦ θυμικου εἰς τό τιμωρεῖσθαι, Gregory of Nazianzus, carm. 34 θυμός μέν ἐστιν ἀθρως ζεσις φρενος, ὀργή δέ θυμός ἐμμένων, Hermas, mand. 5, 2, 4 [ET] ἐκ δέ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δέ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή; cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 1 and Cope's note); hence, we read in Sir. 48:10 κοπάσαι ὀργήν πρό θυμοῦ, before it glows and bursts forth; (see further, on the distinction between the two words, Trench, § xxxvii., and especially Schmidt vol. iii., chapter 142)): Luke 4:28; Acts 19:28; Ephesians 4:31; Colossians 3:8; Hebrews 11:27; ὁ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, Revelation 14:19; Revelation 15:1, 7; Revelation 16:1; ἔχειν θυμόν, to be in a passion, Revelation 12:12 (Aelian v. h. 1, 14); ὀργή καί θυμός (as the Sept. Micah 5:15; Isocrates, p. 249 c.; Herodian, 8, 4, 1; others): Romans 2:8 (Rec. in the inverse order; so Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 29:23, 28 (cf. Trench, as above)); plural θυμοί impulses and outbursts of anger (Winers Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 77 (67)): 2 Corinthians 12:20; Galatians 5:20 (2 Macc. 4:25, 38 2Macc. 9:7 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; 4 Macc. 18:20; Wis. 10:3; Sophocles Aj. 718 (where see Lob.); Plato, Protag., p. 323 e.; (Phileb., p. 40 e.; Aristotle, rhet. 2, 13, 13); Polybius 3, 10, 5; Diodorus 13, 28; Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2; Plutarch, Cor. 1; others). 2. glow, ardor: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ (see οἶνος, b.) the wine of passion, inflaming wine, German Glutwein (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its deadly heat; cf. Isaiah 51:17, 22; Jeremiah 32:1 From thuo; passion (as if breathing hard) -- fierceness, indignation, wrath. Compare psuche. see GREEK thuo see GREEK psuche Englishman's Concordance Luke 4:28 N-GMSGRK: ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ ἐν τῇ NAS: were filled with rage as they heard KJV: these things, were filled with wrath, INT: were filled all with anger in the Acts 19:28 N-GMS Romans 2:8 N-NMS 2 Corinthians 12:20 N-NMP Galatians 5:20 N-NMP Ephesians 4:31 N-NMS Colossians 3:8 N-AMS Hebrews 11:27 N-AMS Revelation 12:12 N-AMS Revelation 14:8 N-GMS Revelation 14:10 N-GMS Revelation 14:19 N-GMS Revelation 15:1 N-NMS Revelation 15:7 N-GMS Revelation 16:1 N-GMS Revelation 16:19 N-GMS Revelation 18:3 N-GMS Revelation 19:15 N-GMS Strong's Greek 2372 |
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