Lexical Summary edom: Edom Original Word: אֱדֹם Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Edom, Edomites, Idumea Or (fully) oedowm {ed-ome'}; from 'adom; red (see Gen. 25:25); Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him -- Edom, Edomites, Idumea. see HEBREW 'adom NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom the same as adom Definition the name of a condiment NASB Translation stuff (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs אֱדֹם noun [masculine] name of a condiment (Arabic  see Anderson in Di; compare Assyrian adumatu ? DlW) ׳הָאֱ Genesis 25:30 (twice in verse) (J; so read for ׳הָאָ MT; see Di). אֱדוֺם ( אֱדֹם Ezekiel 25:14) proper name, masculine 1. Edom (name of a god ? see StaG. 1, 121 RSSem 43; see n.pr. עבדאדם; but BaeRel 10 thinks dialect variant reading of אָדָם, בני אדום = בְנֵי אָדָם) = Esau, elderson of Isaac Genesis 25:30 (J) (where etymology = red, compare Genesis 25:25 (E ?) & below אַדְמוֺנִי Genesis 36:1,8,19 (P). 2 collective (masculine but feminine Malachi 1:4) Edomites, Idumeans as descendants of Esau Genesis 36:9,43 (P); also 1 Samuel 14:47 31t. + 2 Samuel 8:13 (for ᵑ0 ארם; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 see 1 Chronicles 18:12; Psalm 60:2, We Dr); perhaps also Psalm 60:12 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 1 Chronicles 18:11; ᵑ0 ארם but see We Dr); also 2 Chronicles 20:2 (see Berthau); ׳א = king of Edom Numbers 20:18,20,21; in poetry ׳בְּנֵי א Psalm 137:7 ׳בַּת א Lamentations 4:21,22 3 land of Edom, Idumaea (f. Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 35:15; and Ezekiel 36:5) south & southeast of Palestine Genesis 36:32,43 32t. (including שְׂדֵה ׳א Genesis 32:4; ׳אֶרֶץ א Genesis 36:16,17,21,31; Numbers 20:23; Numbers 21:4; Numbers 33:37 +); — uncertain weather 2 or 3 are Exodus 15:15; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 24:18 9t. (chiefly in ׳מֶלֶח א etc.) **See now FBuhlGeschichte. d. Edomiter (1893). Topical Lexicon Overview Edom is the nation, land, and people descended from Esau, the elder twin of Jacob. Occupying the rugged territory southeast of the Dead Sea, Edom appears from Genesis through Malachi as Israel’s near relative, frequent adversary, and a foil in prophetic teaching. Approximately one hundred occurrences trace a account of kinship, conflict, judgment, and ultimate inclusion within God’s redemptive plan. Name Origin and Symbolism The name is first attached to Esau when he requests the “red stew” from Jacob: “That is why he was called Edom” (Genesis 25:30). “Red” evokes Esau’s appearance at birth (Genesis 25:25) and the iron-rich sandstone cliffs of Edomite territory. In Scripture the color also suggests bloodshed (Isaiah 63:1) and earthiness, themes that intertwine with Edom’s history of violent resistance and stubborn attachment to temporal power. Geographic Setting Edom’s chief range, Mount Seir, stretches from the Zered River valley to the Gulf of Aqaba (Deuteronomy 2:1–8). Key sites include Bozrah (Isaiah 34:6), Teman (Jeremiah 49:7), Sela or Petra (2 Kings 14:7), and Elath on the Red Sea (2 Kings 16:6). The King’s Highway passed through Edom, affording both commercial advantage and strategic leverage, factors that shaped its interactions with Israel. Edom in the Patriarchal Period Genesis records early contacts: These passages frame Edom as brother to Israel yet outside the covenant line, foreshadowing persistent rivalry. Edom during the Exodus and Conquest Moses respectfully requests passage: “Please let us travel through your land” (Numbers 20:17). Edom refuses and comes out with “a large and powerful army” (Numbers 20:20). Israel detours, but the memory lingers (Deuteronomy 23:7–8), requiring later generations to balance kinship and caution: “Do not despise an Edomite, for he is your brother” (Deuteronomy 23:7). Edom under the Monarchies • David subdues Edom, placing garrisons in strategic cities (2 Samuel 8:13–14). Prophetic Oracles against Edom Major pronouncements include: These oracles emphasize divine justice, portraying Edom as a representative of human arrogance opposing God’s covenant purposes. Edom in Post-Exilic and Intertestamental History Malachi 1:2–4 cites Edom’s attempts at rebuilding: “They may build, but I will demolish.” By the fourth century B.C. Edomites (Idumeans) migrate west of the Arabah. John Hyrcanus forcibly converts them to Judaism (second century B.C.), and the Herodian dynasty arises from this line, illustrating the ongoing intertwining of Edom and Israel’s destinies. Messianic and Eschatological Implications Numbers 24:17 foresees a “Scepter” from Israel crushing Edom. Amos 9:11–12 declares that the restored “tent of David” will “possess the remnant of Edom,” a promise applied to the inclusion of the Gentiles in Acts 15:16–17 (quoting the Septuagint rendering “mankind” for Edom). Isaiah 63:1–6 depicts the Messiah coming from Edom, garments stained with the enemies’ blood, combining judgment with the victory of redemption. Theological Themes 1. Sovereign Election and Human Responsibility – Romans 9:10–13 cites Malachi to contrast Jacob and Esau, underscoring grace while leaving Edom accountable for sin. Ministry Application • Intercession for Modern Enemies – Obadiah urges believers to reject gloating and seek repentance for opponents, remembering shared humanity. Key References Genesis 25:25, 30; 27:40; 32:3; 36 (passim) Numbers 20:14–21; 24:17–19 Deuteronomy 2:1–8; 23:7–8 1 Kings 9:26; 11:14–22 2 Kings 8:20–22; 14:7; 16:6 Psalm 60:8–12; 83:5–6; 137:7 Isaiah 34:5–10; 63:1–6 Ezekiel 25:12–14; 35:1–15 Forms and Transliterations אֱ֭דוֹם אֱד֑וֹם אֱד֔וֹם אֱד֖וֹם אֱד֗וֹם אֱד֛וֹם אֱד֜וֹם אֱד֞וֹם אֱד֣וֹם אֱד֤וֹם אֱד֥וֹם אֱד֧וֹם אֱד֨וֹם ׀ אֱדֽוֹם׃ אֱדוֹם֙ אדום אדום׃ בֶּֽאֱדוֹם֙ בֶּאֱד֔וֹם בֶּאֱד֖וֹם בֶּאֱד֗וֹם בֶּאֱד֜וֹם בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃ בֶאֱד֔וֹם באדום באדום׃ וֶאֱד֕וֹם וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם ואדום ובאדום לֶאֱד֔וֹם לֶאֱד֗וֹם לֶאֱדֽוֹם׃ לאדום לאדום׃ מֵֽאֱד֔וֹם מֵֽאֱד֤וֹם מֵאֱד֗וֹם מאדום ’ĕ·ḏō·wm ’ĕḏōwm be’ĕḏōwm ḇe’ĕḏōwm be·’ĕ·ḏō·wm ḇe·’ĕ·ḏō·wm beeDom eDom le’ĕḏōwm le·’ĕ·ḏō·wm leeDom mê’ĕḏōwm mê·’ĕ·ḏō·wm meeDom ū·ḇe·’ĕ·ḏō·wm ūḇe’ĕḏōwm uveeDom veeDom we’ĕḏōwm we·’ĕ·ḏō·wmLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 25:30 HEB: קָרָֽא־ שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱדֽוֹם׃ NAS: of that red stuff there, for I am famished. KJV: therefore was his name called Edom. INT: was called his name stuff Genesis 32:3 Genesis 36:1 Genesis 36:8 Genesis 36:9 Genesis 36:16 Genesis 36:17 Genesis 36:19 Genesis 36:21 Genesis 36:31 Genesis 36:32 Genesis 36:43 Genesis 36:43 Exodus 15:15 Numbers 20:14 Numbers 20:18 Numbers 20:20 Numbers 20:21 Numbers 20:23 Numbers 21:4 Numbers 24:18 Numbers 33:37 Numbers 34:3 Joshua 15:1 Joshua 15:21 100 Occurrences |
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