Lexical Summary makob: Pain, sorrow, suffering Original Word: מַכָאֹב Strong's Exhaustive Concordance grief, pain, sorrow Sometimes makcowb {mak-obe'}; also (feminine Isaiah 53:3) makfobah {mak-o-baw'}; from ka'ab; anguish or (figuratively) affliction -- grief, pain, sorrow. see HEBREW ka'ab NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom kaab Definition pain NASB Translation pain (10), painful (1), sorrow (1), sorrows (3), sufferings (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs מַכְאוֺב noun masculinePsalm 32:10 pain; — ׳מ absolute Ecclesiastes 1:18 2t.; construct Psalm 69:27; suffix מַכְאוֺבִי (מַכְאֹבִי) Psalm 38:18 3t., etc.; plural מַכְאוֺבִים Psalm 32:10; Ecclesiastes 2:23; מַכְאֹבוֺת Isaiah 53:3; suffix מַכְאֹבָיו Exodus 3:7; מַכְאֹבֵינוּ Isaiah 53:4; — 1 pain, physical, Exodus 3:7 ("" עֳנִי; compare מִמְּנֵי נֹגְשָׂיו in context); 2 Chronicles 6:29 ("" נֶגַע); Job 33:19. 2 of mental pain, Psalm 32:10 (of troubles of wicked), of Babylon Jeremiah 51:8; Psalm 38:18; Psalm 69:27 (as result of sin; of ׳יs servant); in ׳יs word to Baruch Jeremiah 45:3 ("" יָגוֺן, אֲנָחָה), compare of Israel in distress Jeremiah 30:15 ("" שֵׁבֶר), of Jerusalem Lamentations 1:12 (twice in verse); Lamentations 1:18, Ecclesiastes 1:18 (׳יוֺסִיף דַּעַת יוֺסִיף מַכ); Ecclesiastes 2:23 ("" כַּעַם עִנְיָנוֺ); particular of suffering servant of ׳י Isaiah 53:3,4 (both "" חֳלִי). Topical Lexicon Semantic Range and Depiction מַכָאֹב embraces the ideas of bodily pain, emotional grief, and spiritual anguish. Scripture employs the noun for both physical affliction (Job 33:19) and inner sorrow (Psalm 32:10), allowing a single word to portray the entire spectrum of human suffering. Foundational Appearance in the Exodus Narrative In Exodus 3:7 the LORD says, “I know their sorrows,” acknowledging Israel’s slavery-borne suffering and initiating the redemptive plan that culminates in the Passover. From the outset, pain is not hidden from God; it becomes the very backdrop against which His deliverance is displayed. Cultic and Covenant Resonance Solomon’s temple prayer links personal pain to the covenant promise of answered prayer: “when each one spreads out his hands … each knows his own affliction and his own pain” (2 Chronicles 6:29). Suffering drives the covenant people toward the sanctuary, reinforcing worship as the proper context for processing pain. Wisdom Literature: Pain as the Tutor Job 33:19 pictures suffering as God’s corrective instrument—“A man is also chastened with pain on his bed.” Ecclesiastes observes that increased knowledge often multiplies sorrow (1:18) and that toil “is grief and sorrow” (2:23). Psalmists echo the theme: “Many are the sorrows of the wicked” (Psalm 32:10), yet David still confesses, “my pain is ever with me” (Psalm 38:17), illustrating that even the righteous endure affliction. Prophetic Usage: National and Personal Judgments Jeremiah repeatedly applies מַכָאֹב to covenant breach: “Your pain has no healing” (Jeremiah 30:15); “the LORD has added sorrow to my pain” (Jeremiah 45:3); and concerning Babylon, “Take balm for her pain” (Jeremiah 51:8). Lamentations laments Jerusalem’s devastation: “Look and see if there is any pain like my pain” (Lamentations 1:12, twice emphasized), concluding, “because the enemy prevailed” (1:18). Pain becomes prophetic proof of divine justice. Messianic Fulfillment in Isaiah 53 The Servant is “a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief” (Isaiah 53:3). Verse 4 intensifies the substitutionary dimension: “Surely He has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows.” By absorbing מַכָאֹב, the Messiah validates every prior occurrence and offers the definitive answer to it. The Servant’s identification with human pain grounds Christian theology of atonement and comfort. Corporate Solidarity and Personal Experience Scripture intertwines collective and individual suffering. Egypt’s oppression, Israel’s exile, and Babylon’s downfall stand beside David’s personal agony and Job’s chastening. מַכָאֹב thereby testifies that pain is common yet never generic; God addresses nations and individuals alike. Theology of Suffering and Divine Compassion The occurrences present pain as (1) acknowledged by God, (2) often disciplinary yet redemptive, (3) prophetic of judgment, and (4) ultimately vicariously borne by the Servant. God never denies the reality of pain; He redeems it within His sovereign purposes. Pastoral and Ministry Applications • Encourage the afflicted that God “knows their sorrows” (Exodus 3:7). Hope Through Redemptive Pain Because the Servant has borne מַכָאֹב, future glory is pledged: “He will wipe away every tear” (Revelation 21:4). Thus, every occurrence of מַכָאֹב becomes a signpost toward the consummation where pain is abolished, and God’s people dwell in unbroken joy. Forms and Transliterations בְּ֭מַכְאוֹב במכאוב וּמַכְאֹב֔וֹ וּמַכְאֹבֵ֖ינוּ וּמַכְאוֹבִ֖י ומכאבו ומכאבינו ומכאובי כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י כמכאבי לְמַכְאוֹבָ֔הּ למכאובה מַכְא֖וֹב מַכְאֹב֖וֹת מַכְאֹבִ֑י מַכְאֹבִ֔י מַכְאֹבִ֗ים מַכְאֹבֵ֑ךְ מַכְאֹבָֽיו׃ מַכְאֽוֹב׃ מַכְאוֹב֙ מַכְאוֹבִ֗ים מכאבות מכאבי מכאביו׃ מכאבים מכאבך מכאוב מכאוב׃ מכאובים bə·maḵ·’ō·wḇ Bemachov bəmaḵ’ōwḇ kə·maḵ·’ō·ḇî kemachoVi kəmaḵ’ōḇî lə·maḵ·’ō·w·ḇāh lemachoVah ləmaḵ’ōwḇāh machov machoVav machoVech machoVi machoVim machoVot maḵ’ōḇāw maḵ’ōḇêḵ maḵ’ōḇî maḵ’ōḇîm maḵ’ōḇōwṯ maḵ’ōwḇ maḵ’ōwḇîm maḵ·’ō·ḇāw maḵ·’ō·ḇêḵ maḵ·’ō·ḇî maḵ·’ō·ḇîm maḵ·’ō·ḇō·wṯ maḵ·’ō·w·ḇîm maḵ·’ō·wḇ ū·maḵ·’ō·ḇê·nū ū·maḵ·’ō·ḇōw ū·maḵ·’ō·w·ḇî umachoVeinu umachoVi umachoVo ūmaḵ’ōḇênū ūmaḵ’ōḇōw ūmaḵ’ōwḇîLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 3:7 HEB: יָדַ֖עְתִּי אֶת־ מַכְאֹבָֽיו׃ NAS: for I am aware of their sufferings. KJV: for I know their sorrows; INT: for I am aware of their sufferings 2 Chronicles 6:29 Job 33:19 Psalm 32:10 Psalm 38:17 Psalm 69:26 Ecclesiastes 1:18 Ecclesiastes 2:23 Isaiah 53:3 Isaiah 53:4 Jeremiah 30:15 Jeremiah 45:3 Jeremiah 51:8 Lamentations 1:12 Lamentations 1:12 Lamentations 1:18 16 Occurrences |
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