Joshua 12:14
New International Version
the king of Hormah one the king of Arad one

New Living Translation
The king of Hormah The king of Arad

English Standard Version
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Berean Standard Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

King James Bible
The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

New King James Version
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

New American Standard Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

NASB 1995
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

NASB 1977
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Legacy Standard Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Amplified Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Christian Standard Bible
the king of Hormah one the king of Arad one

Holman Christian Standard Bible
the king of Hormah one the king of Arad one

American Standard Version
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

English Revised Version
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
the king of Hormah, the king of Arad,

Good News Translation
Hormah, Arad,

International Standard Version
The king of Hormah: 1 The king of Arad: 1

Majority Standard Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

NET Bible
the king of Hormah (one), the king of Arad (one),

New Heart English Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Webster's Bible Translation
The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

World English Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Young's Literal Translation
The king of Hormah, one; The king of Arad, one;

Smith's Literal Translation
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The king of Herma one, the king of Hered one,

Catholic Public Domain Version
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

New American Bible
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

New Revised Standard Version
the king of Hormah one the king of Arad one
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The king of Gadar, one; the king of Arad, one;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
The one King of Gadar, the one King of Adar
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
the king of Hermath, the king of Ader;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Kings Defeated West of the Jordan
13the king of Debir, one; the king of Geder, one; 14the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one; 15the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;…

Cross References
Numbers 21:24-35
And Israel put him to the sword and took possession of his land, from the Arnon to the Jabbok—but only up to the border of the Ammonites, because it was fortified. / Israel captured all the cities of the Amorites and occupied them, including Heshbon and all its villages. / Heshbon was the city of Sihon king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab and taken all his land as far as the Arnon. ...

Deuteronomy 3:1-11
Then we turned and went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan and his whole army came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. / But the LORD said to me, “Do not fear him, for I have delivered him into your hand, along with all his people and his land. Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon.” / So the LORD our God also delivered Og king of Bashan and his whole army into our hands. We struck them down until no survivor was left. ...

Judges 1:4-7
When Judah attacked, the LORD delivered the Canaanites and Perizzites into their hands, and they struck down ten thousand men at Bezek. / And there they found Adoni-bezek and fought against him, striking down the Canaanites and Perizzites. / As Adoni-bezek fled, they pursued him, seized him, and cut off his thumbs and big toes. ...

1 Samuel 15:7-9
Then Saul struck down the Amalekites all the way from Havilah to Shur, which is east of Egypt. / He captured Agag king of Amalek alive, but devoted all the others to destruction with the sword. / Saul and his troops spared Agag, along with the best of the sheep and cattle, the fat calves and lambs, and the best of everything else. They were unwilling to devote them to destruction, but they devoted to destruction all that was despised and worthless.

2 Samuel 8:1-2
Some time later, David defeated the Philistines, subdued them, and took Metheg-ammah from the hand of the Philistines. / David also defeated the Moabites, made them lie down on the ground, and measured them off with a cord. He measured off with two lengths those to be put to death, and with one length those to be spared. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute.

1 Kings 4:19-21
Geber son of Uri in the land of Gilead, including the territories of Sihon king of the Amorites and of Og king of Bashan. There was also one governor in the land of Judah. / The people of Judah and Israel were as numerous as the sand on the seashore, and they were eating and drinking and rejoicing. / And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life.

1 Chronicles 18:1-2
Some time later, David defeated the Philistines, subdued them, and took Gath and its villages from the hand of the Philistines. / David also defeated the Moabites, and they became subject to David and brought him tribute.

Psalm 136:17-22
He struck down great kings His loving devotion endures forever. / and slaughtered mighty kings—His loving devotion endures forever. / Sihon king of the Amorites His loving devotion endures forever. ...

Isaiah 11:14
They will swoop down on the slopes of the Philistines to the west; together they will plunder the sons of the east. They will lay their hands on Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites will be subject to them.

Jeremiah 48:1-5
Concerning Moab, this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “Woe to Nebo, for it will be devastated. Kiriathaim will be captured and disgraced; the fortress will be shattered and dismantled. / There is no longer praise for Moab; in Heshbon they devise evil against her: ‘Come, let us cut her off from nationhood.’ You too, O people of Madmen, will be silenced; the sword will pursue you. / A voice cries out from Horonaim: ‘Devastation and great destruction!’ ...

Amos 2:9-10
Yet it was I who destroyed the Amorite before them, though his height was like that of the cedars, and he was as strong as the oaks. Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below. / And I brought you up from the land of Egypt and led you forty years in the wilderness, that you might take possession of the land of the Amorite.

Matthew 1:5-6
Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab, Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth, Obed the father of Jesse, / and Jesse the father of David the king. Next: David was the father of Solomon by Uriah’s wife,

Acts 13:19-20
And having vanquished seven nations in Canaan, He gave their land to His people as an inheritance. / All this took about 450 years. After this, God gave them judges until the time of Samuel the prophet.

Romans 15:4
For everything that was written in the past was written for our instruction, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures, we might have hope.

1 Corinthians 10:11
Now these things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.


Treasury of Scripture

The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Hormah

Numbers 14:45
Then the Amalekites came down, and the Canaanites which dwelt in that hill, and smote them, and discomfited them, even unto Hormah.

Numbers 21:3
And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah.

Numbers 21:1
And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.

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Arad Hormah
Joshua 12
1. The two kings whose countries Moses took and disposed of
7. The thirty-one kings on the other side of Jordan which Joshua smote














the king of Hormah
The name "Hormah" is derived from the Hebrew root "ḥāram," which means "to ban" or "to devote to destruction." This city, located in the southern part of Canaan, holds significant historical and theological importance. Hormah was initially a place of defeat for the Israelites (Numbers 14:45) but later became a site of victory (Numbers 21:3). This transformation from defeat to triumph serves as a powerful reminder of God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises. It illustrates the theme of redemption and the idea that God can turn past failures into future victories for those who trust in Him.

one
The repetition of the word "one" in this passage emphasizes the individuality and specificity of each king and city conquered by the Israelites. It underscores the thoroughness of God's judgment against the Canaanite kings and the completeness of Israel's victory. Each "one" signifies a distinct act of divine intervention and fulfillment of God's promise to give the land to the descendants of Abraham. This enumeration serves as a testament to God's sovereignty and the meticulous nature of His plans.

the king of Arad
Arad was a Canaanite city located in the Negev desert. The king of Arad had previously attacked the Israelites during their wilderness journey (Numbers 21:1). The mention of Arad in this list of defeated kings highlights the reversal of fortunes for the Israelites. What was once a source of threat and opposition became a symbol of God's deliverance and justice. The defeat of the king of Arad is a reminder of God's protection over His people and His ability to subdue their enemies, reinforcing the theme of divine retribution and the ultimate triumph of God's purposes.

one
Again, the use of "one" here reinforces the notion of individual accountability and the precision of God's actions. Each king's defeat is a separate, deliberate act within the broader narrative of Israel's conquest of Canaan. This repetition serves to remind readers of the personal nature of God's involvement in the affairs of nations and individuals. It also reflects the orderly and systematic manner in which God fulfills His promises, ensuring that no detail is overlooked in the execution of His divine will.

Verse 14. - Hormah, Arad. Cities in the Negeb, near the border of Edom (see Numbers 14:45; Numbers 21:1, 3; Numbers 33:40). Hor-mah was originally known as Zephath (see Judges 1:16, 17, where the fullest description of the locality is given). It was in the wilderness of Judaea, in the arid country (Negeb) of Arad. Mr. Palmer identifies it with Sebaita, in the centre of the Negeb, in the Magrah-el-Esbaita, a mountain valley sloping down into the Wady-el-Abyadh. Other explorers prefer Sulifat, and Rowlands and G. Williams, Sepata.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
the king
מֶ֤לֶךְ (me·leḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4428: A king

of Hormah,
חָרְמָה֙ (ḥā·rə·māh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 2767: Hormah -- 'asylum', a place in Simeon

one;
אֶחָ֔ד (’e·ḥāḏ)
Number - masculine singular
Strong's 259: United, one, first

the king
מֶ֥לֶךְ (me·leḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4428: A king

of Arad,
עֲרָ֖ד (‘ă·rāḏ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6166: Arad -- a Canaanite city in the Negev

one;
אֶחָֽד׃ (’e·ḥāḏ)
Number - masculine singular
Strong's 259: United, one, first


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OT History: Joshua 12:14 The king of Hormah one (Josh. Jos)
Joshua 12:13
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