Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version These are the kings of the land whom the Israelites had defeated and whose territory they took over east of the Jordan, from the Arnon Gorge to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern side of the Arabah: New Living Translation These are the kings east of the Jordan River who had been killed by the Israelites and whose land was taken. Their territory extended from the Arnon Gorge to Mount Hermon and included all the land east of the Jordan Valley. English Standard Version Now these are the kings of the land whom the people of Israel defeated and took possession of their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the Valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, with all the Arabah eastward: Berean Standard Bible Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: King James Bible Now these are the kings of the land, which the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land on the other side Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east: New King James Version These are the kings of the land whom the children of Israel defeated, and whose land they possessed on the other side of the Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the River Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the eastern Jordan plain: New American Standard Bible Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel defeated, and they took possession of their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the Valley of the Arnon as far as Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah to the east: NASB 1995 Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel defeated, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon as far as Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah to the east: NASB 1977 Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel defeated, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon as far as Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah to the east: Legacy Standard Bible Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel struck down, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan to the east toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon as far as Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah to the east: Amplified Bible Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel defeated, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan toward the east, from the valley of the [river] Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah [plain] to the east: Christian Standard Bible The Israelites struck down the following kings of the land and took possession of their land beyond the Jordan to the east and from the Arnon River to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: Holman Christian Standard Bible The Israelites struck down the following kings of the land and took possession of their land beyond the Jordan to the east and from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: American Standard Version Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrising, from the valley of the Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: Contemporary English Version Before Moses died, he and the people of Israel had defeated two kings east of the Jordan River. These kings had ruled the region from the Arnon River gorge in the south to Mount Hermon in the north, including the eastern side of the Jordan River valley. English Revised Version Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land beyond Jordan toward the sunrising, from the valley of Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: GOD'S WORD® Translation These are the kings of the land east of the Jordan River that the people of Israel defeated. Israel also took possession of their lands from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, and all the eastern plains. Good News Translation The people of Israel had already conquered and occupied the land east of the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley up the Jordan Valley and as far north as Mount Hermon. They defeated two kings. International Standard Version This is a list of the kings who ruled the land that the Israelis conquered, and whose territories they took on the other side of the Jordan River toward the east, from the Arnon River to Mount Hermon, along with the entire eastern Jordan plain. Majority Standard Bible Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: NET Bible Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land on the east side of the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah: New Heart English Bible Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel struck, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the Valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: Webster's Bible Translation Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land on the other side of Jordan towards the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon, to mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east: World English Bible Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel struck, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionAnd these [are] kings of the land whom the sons of Israel have struck, and possess their land beyond the Jordan, at the sun-rising, from the Brook of Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the plain eastward: Young's Literal Translation And these are kings of the land whom the sons of Israel have smitten, and possess their land, beyond the Jordan, at the sun-rising, from the brook Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the plain eastward. Smith's Literal Translation And these the kings of the land which the sons of Israel smote; and they will inherit their land, on the other side Jordan from the rising of the sun, from the torrent Arnon, even to the mountain Hermon, and all the desert from the sunrising: Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleThese are the kings, whom the children of Israel slew and possessed their land beyond the Jordan towards the rising of the sun, from the torrent Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the east country that looketh towards the wilderness. Catholic Public Domain Version These are the kings whom the sons of Israel struck down, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun, from the torrent Arnon as far as mount Hermon, with the entire eastern region that looks out toward the wilderness: New American Bible These are the kings of the land whom the Israelites conquered and whose lands they occupied, east of the Jordan, from the River Arnon to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern section of the Arabah: New Revised Standard Version Now these are the kings of the land, whom the Israelites defeated, whose land they occupied beyond the Jordan toward the east, from the Wadi Arnon to Mount Hermon, with all the Arabah eastward: Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleNOW these are the kings of the land whom the children of Israel smote, and whose lands they possessed beyond the Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon as far as mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east: Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And these are the Kings of the land whom the sons of Israel killed with the sword, and they possessed their territories at the crossing of Jordan, from the dawning of the sun of the River of Arnon, and unto the Mountain of Hermon and all the broad plain that is to the East OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917Now these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrising, from the valley of Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: Brenton Septuagint Translation And these are the kings of the land, whom the children of Israel slew, and inherited their land beyond Jordan from the east, from the valley of Arnon to the mount of Aermon, and all the land of Araba on the east. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context The Kings Defeated East of the Jordan1Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: 2Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. He ruled from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along the middle of the valley, up to the Jabbok River (the border of the Ammonites), that is, half of Gilead,… Cross References Deuteronomy 3:8-10 At that time we took from the two kings of the Amorites the land across the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley as far as Mount Hermon— / which the Sidonians call Sirion but the Amorites call Senir— / all the cities of the plateau, all of Gilead, and all of Bashan as far as the cities of Salecah and Edrei in the kingdom of Og. Numbers 21:21-35 Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, / “Let us pass through your land. We will not turn aside into any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will stay on the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.” / But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and went out to confront Israel in the wilderness. When he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel. ... Deuteronomy 2:24-37 “Arise, set out, and cross the Arnon Valley. See, I have delivered into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land. Begin to take possession of it and engage him in battle. / This very day I will begin to put the dread and fear of you upon all the nations under heaven. They will hear the reports of you and tremble in anguish because of you.” / So from the Wilderness of Kedemoth I sent messengers with an offer of peace to Sihon king of Heshbon, saying, ... Deuteronomy 3:1-7 Then we turned and went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan and his whole army came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. / But the LORD said to me, “Do not fear him, for I have delivered him into your hand, along with all his people and his land. Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon.” / So the LORD our God also delivered Og king of Bashan and his whole army into our hands. We struck them down until no survivor was left. ... Numbers 32:33 So Moses gave to the Gadites, to the Reubenites, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh son of Joseph the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan—the land including its cities and the territory surrounding them. Deuteronomy 29:7-8 When you reached this place, Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan came out against us in battle, but we defeated them. / We took their land and gave it as an inheritance to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. Numbers 32:39-42 The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead, captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were there. / So Moses gave Gilead to the clan of Machir son of Manasseh, and they settled there. / Jair, a descendant of Manasseh, went and captured their villages and called them Havvoth-jair. ... Deuteronomy 4:46-49 while they were in the valley across the Jordan facing Beth-peor in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon and was defeated by Moses and the Israelites after they had come out of Egypt. / They took possession of the land belonging to Sihon and to Og king of Bashan—the two Amorite kings across the Jordan to the east— / extending from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley as far as Mount Siyon (that is, Hermon), ... Psalm 135:10-12 He struck down many nations and slaughtered mighty kings: / Sihon king of the Amorites, Og king of Bashan, and all the kings of Canaan. / He gave their land as an inheritance, as a heritage to His people Israel. Psalm 136:17-22 He struck down great kings His loving devotion endures forever. / and slaughtered mighty kings—His loving devotion endures forever. / Sihon king of the Amorites His loving devotion endures forever. ... Nehemiah 9:22 You gave them kingdoms and peoples and allotted to them every corner of the land. So they took the land of Sihon king of Heshbon and of Og king of Bashan. Acts 13:19 And having vanquished seven nations in Canaan, He gave their land to His people as an inheritance. Hebrews 11:30-31 By faith the walls of Jericho fell, after the people had marched around them for seven days. / By faith the prostitute Rahab, because she welcomed the spies in peace, did not perish with those who were disobedient. Acts 7:45 And our fathers who received it brought it in with Joshua when they dispossessed the nations God drove out before them. It remained until the time of David, Hebrews 4:8 For if Joshua had given them rest, God would not have spoken later about another day. Treasury of Scripture Now these are the kings of the land, which the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land on the other side Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon to mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east: on the other Joshua 1:15 Until the LORD have given your brethren rest, as he hath given you, and they also have possessed the land which the LORD your God giveth them: then ye shall return unto the land of your possession, and enjoy it, which Moses the LORD'S servant gave you on this side Jordan toward the sunrising. Joshua 22:4 And now the LORD your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you on the other side Jordan. from the Numbers 21:13,24 From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites… Deuteronomy 2:24 Rise ye up, take your journey, and pass over the river Arnon: behold, I have given into thine hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land: begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. Judges 11:18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab. unto the mount Joshua 11:3,17 And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh… Deuteronomy 3:8,9 And we took at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites the land that was on this side Jordan, from the river of Arnon unto mount Hermon; … Deuteronomy 4:48 From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon, Jump to Previous Arabah Arnon Children Defeated Eastward Hermon Israel Jordan Kings Mount Plain Possessed Rising River Side Smote Struck Sun Sunrise Sunrising Towards ValleyJump to Next Arabah Arnon Children Defeated Eastward Hermon Israel Jordan Kings Mount Plain Possessed Rising River Side Smote Struck Sun Sunrise Sunrising Towards ValleyJoshua 12 1. The two kings whose countries Moses took and disposed of7. The thirty-one kings on the other side of Jordan which Joshua smote Now these are the kings of the land This phrase introduces a summary of the conquests by the Israelites under the leadership of Moses and Joshua. It highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to give the land of Canaan to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The mention of "kings" underscores the organized and formidable nature of the opposition faced by the Israelites, emphasizing the miraculous nature of their victories. whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon including all the Arabah eastward Persons / Places / Events 1. IsraelitesThe people of God, led by Joshua, who are taking possession of the Promised Land as God commanded. 2. Kings of the Land Refers to the various rulers defeated by the Israelites as they conquered territories east of the Jordan River. 3. Beyond the Jordan The region east of the Jordan River, which includes territories conquered before crossing into the main part of the Promised Land. 4. Valley of the Arnon A significant geographical boundary marking the southern extent of the conquered territory. 5. Mount Hermon A prominent mountain marking the northern boundary of the conquered territory. 6. Arabah A desert region extending from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, indicating the breadth of the land taken. Teaching Points God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment of PromisesThe conquests demonstrate God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob regarding the land. Obedience and Courage The Israelites' success was contingent on their obedience to God's commands and their courage in the face of formidable enemies. Spiritual Warfare Just as the Israelites faced physical battles, Christians today face spiritual battles and are called to rely on God's strength and promises. Inheritance and Stewardship The land was an inheritance for the Israelites, reminding believers of their spiritual inheritance in Christ and the responsibility to steward it well. Historical Context and God's Sovereignty Understanding the historical context of these conquests helps believers appreciate God's sovereignty over nations and history.Verse 1. - Now these are the kings. The historian now enters upon a complete description of the whole territory which had, up to this date, fallen into the hands of the Israelites. First he traces out the border of the trans-Jordanic possessions of Israel, which he describes as bounded on the south by the river Arnon, on the west of course by the Jordan, and as extending from Hermon, past the Sea of Chinneroth, to the borders of the Dead Sea. The eastern border is not clearly defined, but the boundary extended far further eastward in the north than in the south, since the territory of Og was much more extensive than that of Sihon. On the west of Jordan the territory is described as extending "from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon (i.e., Baalbec or Caesarea Philippi; see note on ch. 11:17) unto the Mount Halak which goeth up to Seir, which we have seen to be a range of mountains extending southward from near the south point of the Dead Sea. The border of the Israelitish possessions is more accurately defined in the succeeding chapters, but it was, after all, a slip of territory not more than 180 miles in length by about 100 in breadth. Its influence upon the history of the world, like that of Athens and Sparta, must not be measured by its size, but by its moral energy. As the former city has attained undying fame by its intellectual power, the second by its mihtary capacity, so Palestine has derived her title to fame from her indestructible national life - indestructible because built alone, of all the religious systems of the ancient world, upon the foundations of the unity and Fatherhood of God; indestructible, moreover, because it came by revelation from God. There is no greater argument for the Divine origin of the Mosaic law than the unique spectacle of a national life like that of the Jews, subsisting for nearly two thousand years after their expulsion from their land. From the river Arnon (see Numbers 21:24). The word Arnon Signifies the swift stream (see Gesenius,'Thesaur.' s.v.). It is now called by the Arabs, El-Mujeb. Seetzen represents the region round its mouth to be naturally most fertile, but as abandoned now to a few wild plants. Unto Mount Hermon. Now Jebel-es-Sheikh. We have a vivid description of the scenery of Hermon in Psalm 42, with the noise of its foaming torrents, the "deep calling unto deep" from the recesses of its dark ravines, where the infant Jordan rushed along its rocky bed. The Psalmist pictures to himself his troubles as overwhelming him like the billows of the numerous streams that streaked the mountain sides. And yet again Hermon is introduced as the image of peace and plenty and brotherly love. The refreshing dews which distilled from the side of the giant mountain were the source of blessing to those who dwelt afar off, and even the dry and parched sides of Mount Zion were cooled by their delicious influence. In Psalm 42:6 the Psalmist speaks of Hermon in the plural. Some have regarded this (e.g., Ritter) as referring to the double peak of the mountain. The phrase most probably refers to the region, though Hermon has really three peaks (see note on Joshua 11:3). And all the plain on the east. The Arabah (see Joshua 3:16). The depression of the Jordan, which lay eastward, of course, of Palestine. This is much insisted on in the following verses. Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Now these [are]וְאֵ֣לֶּה ׀ (wə·’êl·leh) Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common plural Strong's 428: These, those the kings מַלְכֵ֣י (mal·ḵê) Noun - masculine plural construct Strong's 4428: A king of the land הָאָ֗רֶץ (hā·’ā·reṣ) Article | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 776: Earth, land whom the Israelites בְנֵֽי־ (ḇə·nê-) Noun - masculine plural construct Strong's 1121: A son struck down הִכּ֤וּ (hik·kū) Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural Strong's 5221: To strike and whose אֲשֶׁ֨ר (’ă·šer) Pronoun - relative Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that lands אַרְצָ֔ם (’ar·ṣām) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 776: Earth, land they took וַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּ (way·yir·šū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural Strong's 3423: To occupy, to seize, to rob, to inherit, to expel, to impoverish, to ruin beyond בְּעֵ֥בֶר (bə·‘ê·ḇer) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 5676: A region across, on the opposite side the Jordan הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן (hay·yar·dên) Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 3383: Jordan -- the principal river of Palestine to the east, מִזְרְחָ֣ה (miz·rə·ḥāh) Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular Strong's 4217: Place of sunrise, the east from the Arnon אַרְנוֹן֙ (’ar·nō·wn) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 769: Arnon -- 'a roaring stream', a wadi and stream in Moab Valley מִנַּ֤חַל (min·na·ḥal) Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 5158: A stream, a winter torrent, a, valley, a shaft to עַד־ (‘aḏ-) Preposition Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while Mount הַ֣ר (har) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 2022: Mountain, hill, hill country Hermon, חֶרְמ֔וֹן (ḥer·mō·wn) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 2768: Hermon -- 'sacred', a mountain in southern Aram (Syria) and Northern Israel including all וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every the Arabah הָעֲרָבָ֖ה (hā·‘ă·rā·ḇāh) Article | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 6160: Arabah -- a steppe or desert plain, also a desert valley running south from the Sea of Galilee eastward: מִזְרָֽחָה׃ (miz·rā·ḥāh) Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular Strong's 4217: Place of sunrise, the east Links Joshua 12:1 NIVJoshua 12:1 NLT Joshua 12:1 ESV Joshua 12:1 NASB Joshua 12:1 KJV Joshua 12:1 BibleApps.com Joshua 12:1 Biblia Paralela Joshua 12:1 Chinese Bible Joshua 12:1 French Bible Joshua 12:1 Catholic Bible OT History: Joshua 12:1 Now these are the kings (Josh. 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