Galatians 4:8
Strong's Lexicon
Formerly,
τότε (tote)
Adverb
Strong's Greek 5119: Then, at that time. From ho and hote; the when, i.e. At the time that.

when you did not know
εἰδότες (eidotes)
Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's Greek 1492: To know, remember, appreciate.

God,
Θεὸν (Theon)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's Greek 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

you were slaves
ἐδουλεύσατε (edouleusate)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural
Strong's Greek 1398: To be a slave, be subject to, obey, be devoted. From doulos; to be a slave to.

to those who
τοῖς (tois)
Article - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's Greek 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

by nature
φύσει (physei)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's Greek 5449: From phuo; growth, i.e. natural production; by extension, a genus or sort; figuratively, native disposition, constitution or usage.

are
οὖσιν (ousin)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's Greek 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

not
μὴ ()
Adverb
Strong's Greek 3361: Not, lest. A primary particle of qualified negation; not, lest; also (whereas ou expects an affirmative one) whether.

gods.
θεοῖς (theois)
Noun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's Greek 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

Parallel Strong's
Berean Study Bible
Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.

Young's Literal Translation
But then, indeed, not having known God, ye were in servitude to those not by nature gods,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
But in the past, when you didn’t know God, you were enslaved to things that by nature are not gods.

New American Standard Bible
However at that time, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those which by nature are no gods.

King James Bible
Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.
Parallel Verses
New International Version
Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.

New Living Translation
Before you Gentiles knew God, you were slaves to so-called gods that do not even exist.

English Standard Version
Formerly, when you did not know God, you were enslaved to those that by nature are not gods.

New American Standard Bible
However at that time, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those which by nature are no gods.

King James Bible
Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
But in the past, when you didn't know God, you were enslaved to things that by nature are not gods.

International Standard Version
However, in the past, when you did not know God, you were slaves to things that are not really gods at all.

NET Bible
Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all.

American Standard Version
Howbeit at that time, not knowing God, ye were in bondage to them that by nature are no gods:

English Revised Version
Howbeit at that time, not knowing God, ye were in bondage to them which by nature are no gods:

Young's Literal Translation
But then, indeed, not having known God, ye were in servitude to those not by nature gods,
















Cross References
2 Chronicles 13:9
Have ye not cast out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself with a young bullock and seven rams, the same may be a priest of them that are no gods.

Isaiah 37:19
And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them.

Jeremiah 2:11
Hath a nation changed their gods, which are yet no gods? but my people have changed their glory for that which doth not profit.

Jeremiah 5:7
How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me, and sworn by them that are no gods: when I had fed them to the full, they then committed adultery, and assembled themselves by troops in the harlots' houses.

Jeremiah 16:20
Shall a man make gods unto himself, and they are no gods?

1 Corinthians 1:21
For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe.

1 Corinthians 8:4
As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other God but one.

1 Corinthians 10:20
But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils.

Galatians 4:3
Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:

Ephesians 2:12
That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:

1 Thessalonians 4:5
Not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God:
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