Then Joshua son of Nun
Joshua, the leader of the Israelites after Moses, is a central figure in the conquest of Canaan. His name means "The LORD is salvation," which is significant as he leads the people into the Promised Land, a type of Christ leading believers into spiritual rest. Joshua is from the tribe of Ephraim and was one of the original twelve spies sent by Moses (Numbers 13:8).

secretly sent two spies from Shittim
Shittim, located east of the Jordan River, was the Israelites' last encampment before entering Canaan. The secrecy of the mission underscores the strategic and cautious approach Joshua took, learning from Moses' earlier experience with the twelve spies. This action reflects a blend of faith and prudence, as Joshua seeks to understand the land's challenges.

saying, “Go, inspect the land, especially Jericho.”
Jericho was a fortified city and a key strategic target in the conquest of Canaan. Its location was crucial as it controlled access to the central highlands. The focus on Jericho highlights its importance as the first major obstacle in the Israelites' path. The command to inspect the land shows Joshua's reliance on intelligence and preparation.

So they went and entered the house of a prostitute named Rahab
Rahab's house, likely an inn or tavern, was a place where travelers could stay, making it a strategic choice for the spies to gather information without arousing suspicion. Rahab's profession and her role in the narrative highlight God's grace and the inclusion of Gentiles in His plan. Rahab is later mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) and praised for her faith in Hebrews 11:31.

and stayed there
The spies' stay at Rahab's house sets the stage for her pivotal role in aiding the Israelites. This act of staying signifies a divine appointment, as Rahab's faith and actions lead to her and her family's salvation. Her story foreshadows the inclusion of all nations in God's redemptive plan, as seen in the New Testament.

And it was reported to the king of Jericho:
The city of Jericho was a significant Canaanite city, strategically located near the Jordan River. The king of Jericho would have been a local ruler, possibly a vassal under a larger Canaanite confederation. The report reaching the king indicates a well-organized intelligence network within the city, highlighting the tension and fear among the Canaanites due to the Israelites' approach. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God orchestrating events to fulfill His promises to Israel.

“Behold, some men of Israel have come here tonight:
The phrase "some men of Israel" refers to the two spies sent by Joshua, as detailed earlier in the chapter. Their mission was to gather intelligence on Jericho's defenses and the morale of its people. The mention of "tonight" suggests urgency and secrecy, emphasizing the covert nature of their mission. This aligns with the biblical narrative of God using seemingly small and secretive actions to achieve His purposes, as seen in other biblical accounts like Gideon's night attack (Judges 7).

to spy out the land.”
Spying out the land was a common military tactic in ancient times, used to assess the strength and weaknesses of enemy territories. This mission echoes the earlier reconnaissance of Canaan by the twelve spies in Numbers 13, though with a more successful outcome. Theologically, this act of spying can be seen as a step of faith and obedience to God's command to take possession of the land He promised to Abraham and his descendants (Genesis 12:7). The spies' mission foreshadows the eventual conquest of Jericho, demonstrating God's faithfulness in delivering the land to Israel.

So the king of Jericho sent to Rahab
The king of Jericho represents the Canaanite authority and governance in the city. Jericho was a fortified city, one of the oldest known in history, strategically located near the Jordan River. The king's awareness of the spies indicates a well-organized intelligence network. Rahab, a resident of Jericho, is significant as she is later mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) and praised for her faith in Hebrews 11:31. Her inclusion in the biblical narrative highlights God's grace and the theme of redemption.

and said, “Bring out the men who came to you and entered your house,
The king's command to Rahab underscores the seriousness of the threat perceived by the Canaanites. The spies' entry into Rahab's house, a place likely known for lodging, suggests a strategic choice for gathering intelligence while maintaining a low profile. This phrase also foreshadows Rahab's pivotal decision to protect the spies, aligning herself with the God of Israel rather than her own people, which is a profound act of faith and courage.

for they have come to spy out the whole land.”
The mission of the spies was to gather information about the land of Canaan, particularly Jericho, as part of Israel's preparation to enter the Promised Land. This reconnaissance mission is reminiscent of the earlier spying mission in Numbers 13, where Moses sent twelve spies. The phrase highlights the strategic importance of Jericho as a gateway to Canaan. Theologically, this mission signifies God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promise to give the land to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The spies' task also prefigures the ultimate victory and inheritance of believers through Christ.

But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them.
Rahab, a resident of Jericho, took a significant risk by hiding the Israelite spies. This act of protection is pivotal in the narrative, demonstrating her faith and aligning her with God's purposes. In the cultural context of ancient Near Eastern societies, hospitality was a sacred duty, but Rahab's actions went beyond mere hospitality, indicating a recognition of the God of Israel's power. Her actions prefigure the concept of faith leading to righteousness, as later highlighted in Hebrews 11:31 and James 2:25, where Rahab is commended for her faith and works.

So she said, “Yes, the men did come to me,
Rahab's acknowledgment of the men's presence is a strategic move. In the context of ancient warfare and espionage, admitting the presence of foreign spies could have been dangerous. However, Rahab's admission is part of her calculated plan to protect them. This reflects her wisdom and courage, qualities that are often celebrated in biblical narratives. Her actions can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides refuge and protection to those who seek Him.

but I did not know where they had come from.
Rahab's statement is a half-truth, a common narrative device in biblical stories where characters navigate complex moral situations. This reflects the tension between truth and survival in a hostile environment. Her claim of ignorance about the spies' origins serves to mislead the king's men, protecting the spies and furthering God's plan for Israel. This moment underscores the theme of divine providence, where God uses unexpected individuals and means to accomplish His purposes, as seen throughout the biblical narrative.

At dusk
This phrase indicates the time of day when the events occurred. Dusk, or twilight, was a significant time in ancient cultures, often associated with transitions and the closing of city gates for security. In biblical symbolism, dusk can represent a time of decision or change, as seen in other scriptures like Genesis 24:63, where Isaac went out to meditate in the field at evening.

when the gate was about to close
City gates were crucial for protection and commerce in ancient times. Jericho, being a fortified city, would close its gates at night to prevent enemy entry and maintain security. This practice is seen in other biblical accounts, such as Nehemiah 7:3, where gates were shut and barred for protection. The closing of the gate signifies a moment of urgency and impending security.

the men went out
This refers to the spies sent by Joshua to scout Jericho. Their mission was to gather intelligence on the city's defenses and morale. The narrative of spies is a recurring theme in the Bible, as seen in Numbers 13, where Moses sent spies into Canaan. The departure of the men at this time suggests a strategic move to avoid detection.

and I do not know which way they went
Rahab's statement is a deliberate act of misdirection to protect the spies. Her actions demonstrate her faith and allegiance to the God of Israel, as later affirmed in Hebrews 11:31, where Rahab is commended for her faith. This phrase highlights the theme of divine providence and protection over those who align with God's purposes.

Pursue them quickly
Rahab's urging to pursue the spies is part of her ruse to mislead the king's men. This reflects her quick thinking and resourcefulness. The urgency in her words underscores the tension and danger of the situation, as well as her commitment to aiding the spies.

and you may catch them!
This final phrase in Rahab's statement is intended to convince the pursuers of the possibility of success, further ensuring the spies' safety. It reflects the cultural context of honor and duty, where the king's men would be motivated to act swiftly. Rahab's actions here are pivotal in the unfolding of God's plan for Israel's conquest of Jericho, illustrating how God can use unexpected individuals to fulfill His purposes.

But Rahab had taken them up to the roof
In ancient Jericho, houses often had flat roofs used for various purposes, including drying produce. Rahab's decision to take the spies to the roof indicates her quick thinking and resourcefulness. This action also reflects the cultural practice of utilizing rooftops for storage and concealment. Rahab's actions demonstrate her faith and courage, aligning her with other biblical figures who acted decisively in faith, such as Moses' mother hiding him (Exodus 2:2-3).

and hidden them among the stalks of flax
Flax was a common crop in the ancient Near East, used for making linen. The presence of flax on the roof suggests it was harvest time, likely spring, which aligns with the timing of the Israelites' crossing of the Jordan River. The use of flax for hiding the spies is significant, as it symbolizes Rahab's integration into the local economy and culture, yet she chooses to align herself with God's people. This act of hiding the spies foreshadows the protective covering of Christ's righteousness for believers (Isaiah 61:10).

that she had laid out there
The process of laying out flax involved drying it to prepare for processing into linen. This detail highlights Rahab's industrious nature and her role in her household's economy. It also underscores the providential timing of the spies' visit, as the flax provided a natural hiding place. Rahab's actions can be seen as a type of Christ's redemptive work, where ordinary elements are used for extraordinary purposes, reflecting God's sovereignty and provision.

So the king’s men set out in pursuit of the spies
The king of Jericho, aware of the presence of Israelite spies, sends his men to capture them. This reflects the heightened tension and fear among the Canaanites as Israel approaches. Historically, Jericho was a fortified city, and its king would have been vigilant against threats. The pursuit of the spies underscores the strategic importance of intelligence in warfare, a theme seen throughout the Old Testament, such as in the story of Gideon (Judges 7).

along the road to the fords of the Jordan
The fords of the Jordan were shallow crossing points, crucial for travel and trade. This geographical detail highlights the spies' likely escape route back to the Israelite camp. The Jordan River served as a natural boundary for the Promised Land, and its fords were strategic locations. This pursuit along the road to the fords indicates the king's understanding of the spies' intentions to return to their people, emphasizing the interconnectedness of geography and biblical narrative.

and as soon as they had gone out, the gate was shut
The shutting of the gate signifies the city's defensive measures, common in ancient walled cities to protect against intruders. This action reflects the urgency and seriousness with which the king of Jericho treated the threat of espionage. In a broader biblical context, gates often symbolize security and control, as seen in Nehemiah's rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls and gates (Nehemiah 3). The closing of the gate also foreshadows the eventual fall of Jericho, where the city's defenses are rendered ineffective by divine intervention (Joshua 6).

Before the spies lay down for the night
This phrase sets the scene for a pivotal moment in the narrative. The spies, sent by Joshua, represent the Israelite mission to scout the land of Canaan, specifically Jericho. The timing here is significant, as it occurs under the cover of night, symbolizing secrecy and urgency. The act of laying down suggests a temporary rest, indicating the spies' vulnerability and reliance on God's protection. This moment is reminiscent of other biblical instances where God provides safety and guidance during times of uncertainty, such as the Israelites' journey through the wilderness.

Rahab went up on the roof
Rahab's actions demonstrate her initiative and courage. In ancient Near Eastern culture, roofs were often flat and used for various purposes, including drying flax, which Rahab had done earlier. Her decision to go up on the roof signifies her proactive role in the unfolding events. Rahab, a Canaanite and a prostitute, is an unlikely ally for the Israelites, yet her faith and actions align her with God's purposes. This moment foreshadows her inclusion in the lineage of Jesus Christ, as mentioned in Matthew 1:5, highlighting God's grace and the inclusion of Gentiles in His redemptive plan. Rahab's faith is later commended in Hebrews 11:31 and James 2:25, underscoring her role as a model of faith and works.

and said to them,
Rahab, a resident of Jericho, speaks to the Israelite spies. Her role is significant as she is a Canaanite woman who recognizes the power of the God of Israel. This interaction highlights the theme of God's sovereignty and the inclusion of Gentiles in His plan.

“I know that the LORD has given you this land
Rahab acknowledges the divine promise given to the Israelites. This reflects the fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and the assurance of the land of Canaan to his descendants. Her statement is a testament to the widespread knowledge of God's deeds and promises.

and that the fear of you has fallen on us,
The fear of the Israelites among the Canaanites fulfills the prophecy in Exodus 23:27, where God promises to send His terror ahead of Israel. This fear is not just of the Israelites but of their God, who has demonstrated His power through the plagues in Egypt and the parting of the Red Sea.

so that all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of you.
The phrase "melting in fear" indicates a complete loss of courage and morale among the Canaanites. This fear is a direct result of the miraculous events that have preceded the Israelites' arrival, such as the defeat of Sihon and Og (Numbers 21:21-35). It underscores the psychological impact of God's intervention on behalf of His people.

For we have heard how the LORD dried up the waters of the Red Sea before you when you came out of Egypt
This phrase highlights the miraculous event of the parting of the Red Sea, a foundational moment in Israel's history. It signifies God's power and faithfulness in delivering His people from slavery in Egypt. The crossing of the Red Sea is a type of baptism, symbolizing the transition from bondage to freedom. This event is referenced throughout Scripture, including in Psalms and the New Testament, as a testament to God's mighty acts. The drying up of the waters also prefigures the crossing of the Jordan River, emphasizing God's continued guidance and provision.

and what you did to Sihon and Og, the two kings of the Amorites across the Jordan
This part of the verse refers to Israel's victories over Sihon and Og, which are recorded in Numbers 21 and Deuteronomy 2-3. These victories were significant as they demonstrated God's promise to give Israel the land of Canaan. Sihon and Og were formidable opponents, and their defeat served as a warning to other nations. The Amorites were known for their strength and fortified cities, making these victories a testament to God's power working through Israel.

whom you devoted to destruction
The phrase "devoted to destruction" refers to the Hebrew concept of "herem," which means to completely destroy or consecrate something to God. This was a common practice in ancient warfare, especially in the context of divine judgment. In the case of Sihon and Og, their destruction was commanded by God as part of His judgment against the wickedness of the Amorites. This action also served to purify the land for Israel's inheritance, ensuring that the influence of idolatry and immorality would not corrupt the Israelites. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are called to put to death the deeds of the flesh.

When we heard this
This phrase refers to the reports of the Israelites' miraculous crossing of the Red Sea and their victories over the Amorite kings, Sihon and Og. The news of these events spread fear among the inhabitants of Canaan, demonstrating the power and presence of God with Israel. This highlights the importance of testimony and the impact of God's mighty acts on surrounding nations.

our hearts melted
The phrase "our hearts melted" is a vivid expression of fear and despair. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the heart was considered the center of emotion and will. The Canaanites' reaction indicates a complete loss of morale and strength, fulfilling the fear that God promised would fall upon Israel's enemies (Exodus 15:15-16).

and everyone’s courage failed because of you
This indicates a collective loss of bravery among the Canaanites, directly attributed to the Israelites. The fear of Israel was not due to their military might but because of the evident presence of God with them. This aligns with Deuteronomy 2:25, where God promised to instill dread and fear of Israel in the hearts of other nations.

for the LORD your God
The use of "LORD" (YHWH) signifies the covenant name of God, emphasizing His personal relationship with Israel. Rahab's acknowledgment of YHWH as God shows a recognition of His supremacy over the Canaanite deities, which is significant given her pagan background.

is God in the heavens above and on the earth below
This statement affirms the monotheistic belief in God's sovereignty over all creation, contrasting with the polytheistic beliefs of the Canaanites. It echoes the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4, which declares the oneness of God. Rahab's confession foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles in God's redemptive plan, as seen in the genealogy of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:5), where Rahab is listed as an ancestor.

Now therefore, please swear to me by the LORD
Rahab's request for an oath "by the LORD" indicates her recognition of the God of Israel's supreme authority. This reflects the cultural practice of invoking a deity to guarantee the truthfulness and binding nature of an oath. Rahab's acknowledgment of the LORD suggests her faith in the God of Israel, contrasting with the Canaanite gods of her people. This moment foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles into God's covenant community, as seen in the New Testament with figures like Cornelius in Acts 10.

that you will indeed show kindness to my family
The term "kindness" here is translated from the Hebrew word "hesed," which denotes loyal love or covenant faithfulness. Rahab's plea for her family's safety highlights the importance of familial bonds in ancient Near Eastern culture. This request for "hesed" mirrors God's covenantal love for Israel and prefigures the New Testament concept of grace extended to all believers, regardless of their background.

because I showed kindness to you
Rahab's actions in hiding the spies demonstrate her faith and allegiance to the God of Israel, despite her Canaanite background. Her kindness is a practical expression of her faith, aligning with James 2:25, which commends her for her works. This reciprocal kindness reflects the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, as seen in Galatians 6:7-9, and underscores the importance of faith being accompanied by action.

Give me a sure sign
Rahab's request for a "sure sign" indicates her desire for assurance and security, a common practice in ancient covenants where signs or tokens were used to confirm agreements. This request can be seen as a precursor to the New Testament sacraments, such as baptism and communion, which serve as signs and seals of God's promises to believers. The scarlet cord later given to Rahab becomes a symbol of her faith and the salvation of her household, reminiscent of the Passover blood in Exodus 12, which protected the Israelites from judgment.

that you will spare the lives of my father and mother
Rahab's plea for her family highlights the importance of familial bonds in ancient Near Eastern culture. The family unit was central to social and economic life, and protection of one's family was a primary concern. This request also reflects the biblical theme of intercession, where one person seeks mercy or favor on behalf of others, similar to Abraham's intercession for Sodom (Genesis 18:22-33).

my brothers and sisters
Rahab's inclusion of her siblings underscores the communal nature of ancient societies, where extended family often lived together or in close proximity. This reflects the broader biblical principle of community and collective responsibility, as seen in the early church's communal living (Acts 2:44-47).

and all who belong to them
This phrase indicates Rahab's concern for the extended household, which could include servants and other dependents. In ancient times, households were often large and included non-family members who were part of the household economy. This mirrors the biblical concept of household salvation, as seen in the story of the Philippian jailer (Acts 16:31-34).

and that you will deliver us from death.”
Rahab's request for deliverance from death is a direct appeal for salvation, both physical and spiritual. This foreshadows the ultimate deliverance offered through Jesus Christ, who saves from eternal death. Rahab's faith in the God of Israel, despite her background, is commended in Hebrews 11:31, illustrating the theme of faith leading to salvation. Her story also prefigures the inclusion of Gentiles in God's redemptive plan, as seen in the New Testament.

“Our lives for your lives!” the men agreed.
This phrase reflects the solemn oath made by the Israelite spies to Rahab. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, oaths were binding and often invoked the name of a deity to ensure their seriousness. The spies' willingness to risk their own lives for Rahab's safety underscores the gravity of their promise. This exchange also highlights the theme of covenant loyalty, which is a recurring motif in the Bible, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and trustworthiness in relationships.

“If you do not report our mission,”
The condition set by the spies underscores the importance of secrecy in their reconnaissance mission. In the context of ancient warfare, intelligence and the element of surprise were crucial for military success. Rahab's role as a protector of the spies is significant, as it demonstrates her faith and allegiance to the God of Israel over her own people. This act of faith is later commended in the New Testament (Hebrews 11:31; James 2:25), where Rahab is praised for her faith and works.

“we will show you kindness and faithfulness”
The terms "kindness" and "faithfulness" are deeply rooted in the Hebrew concept of "hesed," which encompasses loyalty, love, and mercy. This promise reflects the covenantal nature of God's relationship with His people, where He consistently shows steadfast love and faithfulness. The spies' promise to Rahab mirrors God's covenant with Israel, where He pledges to be their God and protector. This also foreshadows the New Testament revelation of God's grace and mercy through Jesus Christ.

“when the LORD gives us the land.”
This statement reflects the Israelites' confidence in God's promise to give them the land of Canaan, as initially promised to Abraham (Genesis 12:7). The certainty expressed by the spies indicates their faith in God's sovereignty and His ability to fulfill His promises. This assurance is a recurring theme throughout the book of Joshua, where the conquest of Canaan is depicted as a divine act orchestrated by God. The phrase also points to the broader biblical narrative of God's redemptive plan, culminating in the establishment of His kingdom through Jesus Christ, who is often seen as the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises to Israel.

Then Rahab let them down by a rope through the window
Rahab's actions demonstrate her faith and courage. By aiding the Israelite spies, she aligns herself with God's people, risking her own safety. This act of letting the spies down by a rope signifies a pivotal moment of deliverance, reminiscent of other biblical rescues, such as Paul's escape in Acts 9:25. The use of a rope and window suggests a clandestine operation, emphasizing the urgency and danger of the situation. Rahab's resourcefulness and quick thinking are highlighted here, as she uses available means to ensure the spies' escape.

since the house where she lived was built into the wall of the city
Jericho's walls were known for their formidable structure, often comprising two walls with houses built in between. Rahab's residence within the wall provided a strategic advantage for the spies' escape. Archaeological findings at Jericho have revealed evidence of such wall structures, supporting the biblical narrative. This location also symbolizes Rahab's position between two worlds: the pagan city of Jericho and the people of Israel. Her home in the wall represents her transitional state, moving from a life of idolatry to one of faith in the God of Israel. This setting foreshadows her eventual integration into the lineage of Jesus Christ, as mentioned in Matthew 1:5, highlighting God's redemptive plan for all nations.

Go to the hill country,
The hill country refers to the rugged terrain west of Jericho, part of the central highlands of Canaan. This area provided natural cover and was less accessible to chariots and large groups, making it an ideal hiding place. The geographical context highlights the strategic wisdom in Rahab's advice, as the terrain would have been familiar to the Israelites, who had been wandering in similar landscapes.

she said,
Rahab's role is significant as she is a Canaanite woman aiding Israelite spies. Her actions demonstrate a pivotal moment of faith and alliance with God's people, which is later acknowledged in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) and in the "Hall of Faith" (Hebrews 11:31). Her words carry weight as they reflect her understanding of the situation and her commitment to the spies' safety.

so that your pursuers will not find you.
The pursuers were likely soldiers or guards sent by the king of Jericho to capture the spies. Rahab's knowledge of their movements and her strategic advice underscore her intelligence and resourcefulness. This phrase also reflects the theme of divine protection and guidance, as God uses Rahab to ensure the spies' safety.

Hide yourselves there for three days
The instruction to hide for three days is significant, as the number three often symbolizes completeness or divine intervention in the Bible. This period would allow the pursuers to search and return without finding the spies, ensuring their safety. The three-day motif is seen in other biblical narratives, such as Jonah in the belly of the fish and Jesus in the tomb, symbolizing a period of waiting followed by deliverance.

until they have returned;
This indicates Rahab's awareness of the pursuers' plans and her strategic thinking. The return of the pursuers would signal the end of immediate danger, allowing the spies to continue their mission. This phrase highlights the importance of timing and patience in God's plan, as seen in other biblical stories where waiting leads to fulfillment of God's promises.

then go on your way.
Rahab's final instruction is a release to continue their mission, emphasizing her role in God's plan for Israel's conquest of Canaan. This phrase signifies a transition from hiding to action, reflecting the broader theme of faith leading to obedience and fulfillment of God's promises. The spies' journey is part of the larger narrative of Israel's entry into the Promised Land, foreshadowing the ultimate victory and settlement.

The men said to her
This phrase refers to the two Israelite spies sent by Joshua to scout the city of Jericho. The men are speaking to Rahab, a Canaanite woman who has provided them shelter. This interaction highlights the role of Rahab, who is later mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) and praised for her faith in Hebrews 11:31. Her inclusion in the biblical narrative underscores the theme of God's grace extending beyond Israel to Gentiles.

We will not be bound by this oath
The spies are addressing the conditions under which they will honor the agreement made with Rahab. In the ancient Near Eastern context, oaths were solemn promises often invoking divine witnesses. The seriousness of oaths is emphasized throughout Scripture, such as in Numbers 30:2, where it is stated that a man must not break his word. The spies' statement indicates that there are specific conditions that must be met for the oath to remain valid.

you made us swear
Rahab had requested an oath for the safety of her family in exchange for her assistance. This reflects the cultural practice of seeking covenants for protection and mutual benefit. The phrase also highlights Rahab's initiative and negotiation skills, which were crucial for her family's survival. The concept of swearing an oath is significant in biblical narratives, as seen in Genesis 21:23-24, where Abraham swears an oath to Abimelech. This underscores the importance of faithfulness and integrity in agreements.

unless, when we enter the land,
This phrase sets the condition for the safety of Rahab and her family. The entry into the land refers to the impending conquest of Canaan by the Israelites, led by Joshua. This event is part of the fulfillment of God's promise to give the land of Canaan to the descendants of Abraham (Genesis 12:7). The phrase underscores the urgency and inevitability of the Israelites' mission.

you have tied this scarlet cord in the window
The scarlet cord serves as a sign of protection for Rahab's household, similar to the blood of the Passover lamb on the doorposts in Exodus 12:7, which protected the Israelites from the angel of death. The color scarlet may symbolize sacrifice and redemption, foreshadowing the blood of Christ, which offers salvation. The use of a visible sign is a recurring biblical theme, emphasizing faith and obedience.

through which you let us down,
This refers to the method of escape for the spies, highlighting Rahab's role in aiding them. The window in the city wall signifies a place of vulnerability and trust. Rahab's actions demonstrate her faith in the God of Israel, as mentioned in Hebrews 11:31, where she is commended for her faith.

and unless you have brought your father and mother and brothers and all your family into your house.
This condition emphasizes the importance of family and community in the biblical narrative. It reflects the communal nature of salvation, where the faith of one can lead to the deliverance of many. This mirrors the story of Noah, where his obedience led to the salvation of his household (Genesis 7:1). It also highlights the theme of covenant, where God's promises often extend to families and future generations.

If anyone goes out the door of your house into the street
This phrase emphasizes the importance of staying within the designated place of safety. In the context of Joshua 2, Rahab's house serves as a sanctuary during the impending destruction of Jericho. This mirrors the Passover in Exodus 12, where the Israelites were instructed to stay indoors with the blood of the lamb on their doorposts to be spared from the angel of death. The concept of a place of refuge is a recurring theme in Scripture, symbolizing God's protection for those who obey His instructions.

his blood will be on his own head
This expression indicates personal responsibility for one's actions. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the phrase "blood on one's head" signifies accountability for one's own death due to disobedience or negligence. This principle is echoed in Ezekiel 33:4, where the watchman warns the people, and those who ignore the warning bear their own guilt. It underscores the biblical theme of individual responsibility before God.

and we will be innocent
The spies' declaration of innocence reflects a legal and moral release from guilt. In the covenantal context, they are bound to protect Rahab and her family only if the conditions are met. This reflects the biblical principle of conditional covenants, where blessings and protection are contingent upon obedience. The spies' promise is reminiscent of the covenantal faithfulness God expects from His people.

But if a hand is laid on anyone with you in the house
This phrase underscores the assurance of protection for those who remain within the designated safe zone. It highlights the seriousness of the spies' oath to Rahab, ensuring her safety as part of their agreement. This protection is reminiscent of the cities of refuge described in Numbers 35, where individuals could find safety from avengers. It also foreshadows the ultimate protection found in Christ, who offers refuge to all who come to Him.

his blood will be on our heads
Here, the spies take on the responsibility for any harm that befalls Rahab's family if they remain in the house. This reflects the biblical principle of bearing one another's burdens, as seen in Galatians 6:2. It also illustrates the concept of substitutionary atonement, where one party takes on the consequences for another's safety, pointing to Christ's sacrifice on behalf of humanity.

And if you report our mission
This phrase highlights the importance of secrecy in the mission of the spies sent by Joshua. The mission was to gather intelligence on Jericho, a key city in the conquest of Canaan. The spies' success depended on Rahab's discretion. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's people acting wisely and prudently in hostile environments. The mission's secrecy is reminiscent of other biblical narratives where discretion was crucial, such as David's escape from Saul (1 Samuel 19:11-17).

we will be released from the oath
Oaths were considered sacred and binding in ancient Israelite culture, as seen in Numbers 30:2 and Deuteronomy 23:21-23. Breaking an oath was a serious offense, often invoking divine judgment. However, the spies clarify that the oath is conditional upon Rahab's cooperation. This reflects the biblical principle that covenants and agreements are mutual and require both parties to uphold their commitments. The conditional nature of this oath underscores the seriousness with which oaths were regarded.

you made us swear.
Rahab's role in making the spies swear an oath indicates her active participation and agency in the narrative. Her insistence on an oath demonstrates her understanding of the gravity and binding nature of such promises. This reflects the cultural context where oaths were a means of ensuring trust and fidelity. Rahab's actions also foreshadow her inclusion in the lineage of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:5), highlighting God's grace and the inclusion of Gentiles in His redemptive plan. Her faith and actions are commended in Hebrews 11:31 and James 2:25, illustrating her as a model of faith and works.

“Let it be as you say,” she replied
This phrase reflects Rahab's agreement with the spies' conditions for her family's safety. Her response demonstrates faith and trust in the God of Israel, aligning with Hebrews 11:31, which commends her faith. Rahab's agreement is a pivotal moment, showing her willingness to abandon her former life and align with God's people. This act of faith is significant in the biblical narrative, as it sets the stage for her inclusion in the lineage of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:5).

and she sent them away.
Rahab's action of sending the spies away safely is crucial for the success of their mission. It highlights her role in God's plan for Israel's conquest of Jericho. This act of protection and assistance to the spies is reminiscent of the hospitality and protection offered by other biblical figures, such as Lot in Genesis 19. Her actions demonstrate courage and wisdom, ensuring the spies' safe return to Joshua with vital information.

And when they had gone,
This phrase indicates the completion of the spies' mission in Jericho and their safe departure, thanks to Rahab's intervention. It underscores the importance of timing and obedience in God's plan. The spies' departure marks the beginning of the fulfillment of God's promise to give the land of Canaan to the Israelites, as seen in Joshua 1:3.

she tied the scarlet cord in the window.
The scarlet cord is a symbol of Rahab's faith and the covenant between her and the spies. It serves as a sign for the Israelites to spare her and her family during the conquest of Jericho. The color scarlet is often associated with sacrifice and redemption, drawing a parallel to the blood of the Passover lamb in Exodus 12:13 and foreshadowing the redemptive work of Christ. The act of tying the cord signifies Rahab's commitment to the agreement and her hope for salvation, making it a powerful symbol of faith and deliverance.

So the spies went out into the hill country
The hill country refers to the rugged terrain west of Jericho, part of the central highlands of Canaan. This area provided natural cover and was a strategic choice for evading capture. The spies' journey into the hill country reflects the wisdom and guidance they received, possibly indicating divine protection. The choice of the hill country also connects to the broader biblical theme of God using the natural world to accomplish His purposes, as seen in other instances like David hiding from Saul in the wilderness.

and stayed there three days
The duration of three days is significant in biblical narratives, often symbolizing a period of testing, waiting, or preparation. This time frame allowed the spies to avoid detection and ensured the safety of their mission. The number three is frequently associated with divine completeness or resurrection, as seen in the three days Jonah spent in the fish and Jesus' resurrection on the third day, suggesting a period of divine intervention and fulfillment.

until their pursuers had returned
The pursuers were likely soldiers or scouts sent by the king of Jericho to capture the spies. Their return without success highlights the failure of human efforts against God's plans. This phrase underscores the theme of divine providence and protection over those who are part of God's mission, as seen throughout the Bible in stories like that of Daniel in the lions' den.

without finding them
This outcome emphasizes the effectiveness of the spies' strategy and God's protection over them. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of God thwarting the plans of the wicked, as seen in Psalm 37:12-13, where the Lord laughs at the wicked because He knows their day is coming. The inability of the pursuers to find the spies serves as a testament to God's sovereignty and the futility of opposing His will.

having searched all along the road
The road likely refers to the main routes leading to and from Jericho, which would have been the logical paths for the spies to take. The thorough search by the pursuers indicates the seriousness of the threat posed by the spies and the determination of Jericho's king to protect his city. This detail highlights the tension and danger of the mission, as well as the miraculous nature of the spies' escape, reminiscent of other biblical escapes, such as Peter's release from prison in Acts 12.

Then the two men started back
The two men refer to the spies sent by Joshua to scout the land of Jericho. This mission echoes the earlier spying mission in Numbers 13, where Moses sent twelve spies into Canaan. Unlike the previous mission, which resulted in fear and rebellion, this mission is marked by faith and obedience. The spies' return signifies the completion of their task and the beginning of the Israelites' conquest of Canaan.

came down from the hill country
The hill country refers to the rugged terrain surrounding Jericho. This area was strategically significant, providing a natural defense and a vantage point for observing the land. The spies' descent from the hills symbolizes their transition from reconnaissance to reporting, a crucial step in the Israelites' military strategy.

and crossed the river
The river mentioned is the Jordan River, a significant geographical and spiritual boundary for the Israelites. Crossing the Jordan represents a transition from the wilderness wanderings to entering the Promised Land. This act prefigures the later miraculous crossing of the Jordan by the entire nation, as described in Joshua 3, symbolizing God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises.

So they came to Joshua son of Nun
Joshua, the leader of Israel, is a type of Christ, whose name in Hebrew, Yeshua, means "The Lord is salvation." His leadership is characterized by faithfulness and obedience to God. The spies' return to Joshua signifies their accountability and the importance of leadership in God's plan. Joshua's role as a military and spiritual leader foreshadows Christ's ultimate leadership and deliverance of His people.

and reported all that had happened to them
The spies' report is crucial for the Israelites' preparation to conquer Jericho. Their testimony includes Rahab's faith and assistance, highlighting God's providence and the inclusion of Gentiles in His redemptive plan. This report contrasts with the negative report of the earlier spies in Numbers 13, demonstrating a shift from fear to faith. The spies' account underscores the importance of faithfulness and trust in God's promises, setting the stage for the subsequent victory at Jericho.

The LORD has surely delivered the entire land into our hands,
This phrase reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to the Israelites regarding the land of Canaan. It echoes the covenant God made with Abraham in Genesis 15:18-21, where He promised to give his descendants the land. The use of "surely delivered" indicates a certainty and divine assurance, emphasizing God's sovereignty and faithfulness. This statement is made by the spies sent by Joshua, who have witnessed firsthand the fear among the Canaanites, confirming God's intervention and the impending conquest. The phrase also prefigures the ultimate victory believers have in Christ, as seen in Romans 8:37, where believers are described as "more than conquerors."

they said to Joshua.
Joshua, as the leader of the Israelites, is a type of Christ, leading his people into the Promised Land just as Jesus leads believers into eternal life. The communication between the spies and Joshua highlights the importance of leadership and obedience in God's plan. Joshua's role is crucial as he is the one chosen to succeed Moses and guide the Israelites, as seen in Deuteronomy 31:23. This moment underscores the trust and reliance on God's appointed leader, which is a recurring theme throughout the Bible.

Indeed, all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of us.
This phrase indicates the psychological impact of God's power on the Canaanites. The term "melting in fear" suggests a complete loss of courage and morale among the inhabitants, fulfilling the prophecy in Exodus 23:27, where God promised to send His terror ahead of the Israelites. This fear is not just a result of Israel's military might but is attributed to the reputation of their God, who performed mighty acts such as the parting of the Red Sea. The fear of the Canaanites is a testament to God's presence with Israel and serves as a reminder of His power and the fulfillment of His promises. This also foreshadows the ultimate victory over sin and death through Christ, as seen in 1 Corinthians 15:57.