And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
This phrase indicates divine communication, emphasizing the authority and sacredness of the instructions that follow. The LORD, or Yahweh, is the covenant name of God, highlighting His relationship with Israel. Moses and Aaron are central figures in the Exodus narrative, with Moses as the leader and prophet, and Aaron as the high priest. This dual address underscores the importance of both leadership and priesthood in conveying and implementing God's laws. The context is the wilderness period after the Exodus, where God is establishing a holy community. This communication is part of the Holiness Code, which outlines how Israel is to live as God's chosen people. The phrase sets the stage for the detailed laws concerning ritual purity, which are crucial for maintaining the sanctity of the community and the tabernacle. This divine instruction reflects God's desire for order and holiness among His people, a theme that resonates throughout the Pentateuch and is echoed in the New Testament call for believers to be holy. Say to the Israelites
This directive is given to Moses and Aaron, emphasizing the importance of communicating God's laws to the people of Israel. The Israelites, as God's chosen people, are to live according to His statutes. This phrase underscores the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God provides guidance for holy living. The communication of these laws is a recurring theme in the Pentateuch, highlighting the role of Moses as a mediator between God and His people.

When any man has a bodily discharge
The term "bodily discharge" refers to any abnormal flow from the body, which could include various medical conditions. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bodily discharges were often associated with impurity and were seen as a disruption of the natural order. This reflects a broader cultural understanding of health and cleanliness, where physical conditions were often linked to spiritual states. The specificity of the law indicates a concern for both physical health and ritual purity.

The discharge is unclean
Uncleanliness in this context is not merely about physical dirtiness but is a ritual state that affects one's ability to participate in community worship and activities. The concept of cleanliness and uncleanliness is central to Levitical law, symbolizing the separation between the holy and the profane. This separation is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, illustrating the need for purity in approaching God. The laws of cleanliness can be seen as a type pointing to the ultimate purification through Jesus Christ, who cleanses believers from sin and impurity, as seen in passages like Hebrews 9:13-14.

This uncleanness is from his discharge
In the context of Leviticus, uncleanness often refers to a state that prevents individuals from participating in communal worship and requires purification. The discharge mentioned here is likely a bodily fluid, which in ancient Israelite culture, was associated with impurity. This reflects the broader Levitical concern with maintaining holiness and purity within the community, as seen in Leviticus 11-15. The concept of uncleanness is not necessarily moral but ritual, emphasizing the separation between the holy and the common.

whether his body allows the discharge to flow
This phrase indicates that the condition is involuntary, highlighting the natural human experiences that can lead to ritual impurity. The focus on bodily functions underscores the comprehensive nature of the Levitical laws, which cover all aspects of life. This can be connected to the broader biblical theme of human frailty and the need for divine intervention, as seen in Psalm 103:14, which acknowledges human weakness.

or blocks it
The mention of a blocked discharge suggests a medical condition, reflecting the practical concerns of health and hygiene in ancient Israel. This attention to physical health is part of the broader Levitical emphasis on community well-being. The laws served not only a spiritual purpose but also a practical one, ensuring the health of the community. This can be seen as a precursor to modern understandings of public health.

So his discharge will bring about uncleanness
The discharge results in a state of uncleanness, necessitating purification rituals. This reflects the Levitical system's focus on maintaining the sanctity of the community and the tabernacle. The need for purification can be seen as a type of Christ, who provides ultimate purification from sin, as described in Hebrews 9:13-14. The temporary nature of the Levitical purification rituals points to the permanent cleansing offered through Jesus.

Any bed on which the man with the discharge lies will be unclean
In the context of Leviticus, the term "discharge" refers to bodily emissions that render a person ceremonially unclean. This law is part of the Holiness Code, which emphasizes purity and separation from anything that defiles. The bed, as a place of rest, becomes unclean by association, highlighting the pervasive nature of impurity. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness, where even indirect contact with impurity necessitates cleansing. The concept of uncleanness here is not about hygiene but about ritual purity, which was crucial for maintaining a right relationship with God. This principle is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus emphasizes internal purity over external rituals (Mark 7:14-23).

and any furniture on which he sits will be unclean
The inclusion of furniture extends the principle of transferred impurity beyond the bed, indicating that anything the man with the discharge comes into contact with is affected. This underscores the comprehensive nature of the laws concerning purity and the need for vigilance in maintaining holiness. In ancient Israel, these laws served to protect the community from spiritual defilement and to teach the Israelites about the pervasive nature of sin. The idea of transferred impurity can be seen as a type pointing to the need for a savior who can cleanse from all unrighteousness. In the New Testament, Jesus is portrayed as the one who touches the unclean and makes them clean, reversing the flow of impurity (Matthew 8:1-4).

Anyone who touches his bed
In the context of Leviticus 15, this phrase refers to the laws concerning ritual purity, specifically regarding bodily discharges. The bed represents a place of rest and personal space, which becomes a source of impurity when associated with a discharge. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and separation from impurity. The concept of touching is significant in the Hebrew culture, as it often implies a transfer of impurity or holiness, as seen in other scriptures like Haggai 2:11-13.

must wash his clothes
Washing clothes is a symbolic act of purification and cleansing. In ancient Israel, this was a physical representation of removing impurity, which is a recurring theme in the Old Testament. The act of washing is also seen in other purification rituals, such as those in Numbers 19:19, and it foreshadows the New Testament emphasis on spiritual cleansing through Christ, as seen in Ephesians 5:26.

and bathe with water
Bathing with water is a common purification practice in the Old Testament, signifying the removal of impurity and restoration to a state of ritual cleanliness. Water is a powerful symbol of purification and life throughout the Bible, as seen in the cleansing of Naaman in 2 Kings 5:10-14 and the baptism of Jesus in the New Testament, which signifies spiritual cleansing and renewal.

and he will be unclean until evening
The concept of being unclean until evening highlights the temporary nature of ritual impurity. Evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and restoration. This temporal aspect of uncleanness points to the hope of redemption and restoration, which is ultimately fulfilled in the New Testament through the atoning work of Jesus Christ, who cleanses believers from all sin, as seen in 1 John 1:7.

Whoever sits on furniture on which the man with the discharge was sitting
This phrase addresses the transmission of ritual impurity through contact with objects. In ancient Israel, purity laws were central to maintaining holiness and community health. The discharge likely refers to a medical condition, possibly a chronic illness, which rendered a person ceremonially unclean. The furniture, as an extension of the person, also becomes unclean. This reflects the broader biblical principle that impurity can spread through contact, emphasizing the need for separation and purification.

must wash his clothes and bathe with water
Washing clothes and bathing were common purification rituals in the Old Testament, symbolizing the removal of impurity. Water is often used in Scripture as a symbol of cleansing and renewal (e.g., Psalm 51:7, Ezekiel 36:25). This act of washing signifies a return to a state of ritual purity, necessary for participation in communal worship and activities. The emphasis on physical cleanliness also underscores the importance of spiritual purity.

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being unclean until evening indicates a temporary state of impurity. Evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing a fresh start and the restoration of purity. This temporal aspect of uncleanness highlights the mercy and grace inherent in the law, allowing for restoration and reintegration into the community. The concept of evening as a time of renewal can be seen in other biblical contexts, such as the creation narrative in Genesis, where each day begins with evening.

Whoever touches the body of the man with a discharge
This phrase refers to the Levitical laws concerning ritual purity. In ancient Israel, bodily discharges were considered sources of impurity, which could be both natural and pathological. The discharge mentioned here likely refers to a chronic condition, possibly a disease, that causes bodily fluids to be emitted. This law emphasizes the importance of maintaining community health and ritual cleanliness. The concept of impurity is not necessarily moral but rather ceremonial, affecting one's ability to participate in worship and community life. This reflects the broader biblical theme of separation between the holy and the common.

must wash his clothes and bathe with water
Washing clothes and bathing were practical measures to prevent the spread of disease and maintain hygiene. In the ancient Near East, water was a symbol of purification and renewal. This requirement underscores the importance of physical cleanliness as a reflection of spiritual purity. The act of washing is a precursor to the New Testament's emphasis on spiritual cleansing through baptism, symbolizing the washing away of sin and the renewal of the believer.

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being "unclean until evening" indicates a temporary state of impurity. This period allowed for the natural cycle of the day to pass, symbolizing a transition from impurity to purity. Evening marked the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, signifying a fresh start. This temporary uncleanness highlights the grace and provision of God, allowing for restoration and reintegration into the community. It also foreshadows the ultimate cleansing and restoration offered through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and provides eternal purification for believers.

If the man with the discharge spits on one who is clean
In the context of Leviticus, a "discharge" refers to a bodily fluid that renders a person ceremonially unclean. This law is part of a broader set of purity regulations given to the Israelites. The act of spitting, which involves bodily fluid, is significant because it directly transmits impurity. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, bodily fluids were often associated with life and death, and thus, purity and impurity. The concept of cleanliness here is not just physical but also spiritual, reflecting the holiness required by God. This regulation underscores the importance of maintaining ritual purity in the community.

that person must wash his clothes and bathe with water
Washing and bathing are prescribed as means of purification. This reflects the broader biblical theme of cleansing, which is both physical and symbolic. Water is a recurring symbol of purification throughout Scripture, seen in practices such as baptism in the New Testament. The act of washing clothes and bathing signifies a return to a state of ritual purity, necessary for participation in communal worship and activities. This requirement emphasizes the need for personal responsibility in maintaining holiness.

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being "unclean until evening" indicates a temporary state of impurity. Evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and restoration. This temporal aspect of impurity highlights God's provision for restoration and the cyclical nature of daily life. It also points to the grace inherent in the law, allowing for a return to purity and community. This concept of temporary impurity can be seen as a type of the ultimate cleansing and restoration offered through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and provides eternal purification.

Any saddle
In ancient Israel, saddles were essential for transportation, especially for those traveling long distances. The mention of a saddle here indicates the practical aspects of daily life and the need for purity in all areas. Saddles were typically made of leather or woven materials, which could easily absorb impurities, making them a focus in the laws of cleanliness.

on which the man with the discharge rides
The discharge refers to a bodily fluid that rendered a person ceremonially unclean according to Levitical law. This condition could be due to illness or other natural causes. The emphasis on riding highlights the transmission of impurity through contact, underscoring the importance of avoiding contamination. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and separation from impurity, as seen in passages like Numbers 5:2-3.

will be unclean
The concept of uncleanness in Leviticus is not merely about physical hygiene but also about spiritual and communal purity. Uncleanness required purification rituals to restore a person to full participation in the community and worship. This reflects the holiness of God and the need for His people to be set apart, as echoed in 1 Peter 1:16, "Be holy, because I am holy." The laws served as a constant reminder of the need for spiritual cleanliness and the separation from sin, pointing forward to the ultimate purification through Jesus Christ.

Whoever touches anything that was under him will be unclean until evening
This phrase refers to the ritual impurity associated with touching objects that have been in contact with a person experiencing a bodily discharge. In the ancient Israelite context, purity laws were central to maintaining holiness and separation from defilement. The concept of being "unclean until evening" underscores the temporary nature of this impurity, emphasizing the need for purification before re-entering communal worship or daily activities. This reflects the broader biblical theme of separation from sin and the need for cleansing, as seen in passages like Isaiah 1:16-18, which calls for washing and purification.

and whoever carries such things must wash his clothes and bathe with water
The requirement to wash clothes and bathe signifies a deeper level of purification, indicating that carrying objects associated with impurity required more than just waiting for time to pass. This practice highlights the importance of external actions reflecting internal states of purity and holiness. The act of washing with water is a precursor to the New Testament concept of baptism, symbolizing spiritual cleansing and renewal, as seen in Acts 22:16, where baptism is linked to washing away sins.

and he will be unclean until evening
Reiterating the temporary nature of the impurity, this phrase emphasizes the cyclical nature of daily purification in the life of an Israelite. The evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing a fresh start and the restoration of ritual purity. This concept is echoed in Lamentations 3:22-23, where God's mercies are described as new every morning, offering hope and renewal. The temporary uncleanness also points to the ultimate cleansing through Christ, who provides a permanent solution to sin and impurity, as described in Hebrews 10:22, where believers are encouraged to draw near to God with a cleansed conscience.

If the man with the discharge touches anyone without first rinsing his hands with water
This phrase addresses the ritual impurity associated with bodily discharges, a common concern in ancient Israelite society. The discharge likely refers to a medical condition, possibly a chronic illness, which rendered a person ceremonially unclean. The requirement for rinsing hands with water highlights the importance of ritual purity and hygiene, which were crucial in preventing the spread of disease. This practice reflects the broader Levitical emphasis on cleanliness and holiness, as seen in other passages like Leviticus 11-15, which detail various laws on purity. The act of rinsing hands can also be seen as a precursor to later Jewish purification rituals and even Christian baptism, symbolizing spiritual cleansing.

the one who was touched must wash his clothes and bathe with water
The requirement for the touched person to wash his clothes and bathe underscores the seriousness of maintaining ritual purity. Washing clothes and bathing were common purification practices in the ancient Near East, serving both practical and symbolic purposes. This act of cleansing is reminiscent of the broader biblical theme of purification, as seen in Psalm 51:7, where David asks to be cleansed with hyssop. The emphasis on washing and bathing also foreshadows the New Testament's focus on spiritual cleansing through Christ, who offers purification from sin (Hebrews 10:22).

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being unclean until evening indicates a temporary state of impurity, which would end with the setting of the sun. This reflects the ancient Israelite understanding of the day, which began at sunset. The temporary nature of the impurity suggests that while physical cleanliness was important, it was not permanent or insurmountable. This concept of temporary uncleanness can be seen as a type pointing to the ultimate cleansing provided by Jesus Christ, who offers eternal purification and reconciliation with God (1 John 1:7). The evening cleansing also aligns with the biblical theme of renewal and new beginnings, as seen in Lamentations 3:22-23, where God's mercies are new every morning.

Any clay pot that the man with the discharge touches must be broken
In ancient Israel, clay pots were common household items used for storing food and liquids. The instruction to break a clay pot touched by a man with a discharge reflects the importance of maintaining ritual purity. Clay, being porous, could absorb impurities, making it impossible to cleanse thoroughly. This requirement underscores the seriousness of ritual impurity and the need for separation from anything that could defile the community. The breaking of the pot symbolizes the complete removal of impurity, aligning with the broader Levitical theme of holiness and separation from sin. This can be seen as a type of the ultimate cleansing and purification that Jesus Christ provides, as He is the one who purifies us from all unrighteousness (1 John 1:9).

and any wooden utensil must be rinsed with water
Unlike clay, wood is non-porous and can be cleansed effectively with water. The act of rinsing signifies purification and restoration to a state of cleanliness. Water is a recurring symbol of purification in the Bible, representing the cleansing power of God’s Word and Spirit (Ephesians 5:26). This practice reflects the broader biblical principle that while some impurities require complete destruction, others can be cleansed and restored. The use of water here prefigures the cleansing work of Christ, who offers living water that purifies and renews (John 4:10, John 7:38). The distinction between breaking and rinsing highlights the varying degrees of impurity and the appropriate responses to each, emphasizing God's provision for restoration and holiness.

When the man has been cleansed from his discharge
This phrase refers to the purification process after a man has been healed from a bodily discharge, which could be a result of various medical conditions. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bodily discharges were often associated with impurity. The cleansing process signifies a return to ritual purity, necessary for participation in community and worship activities. This reflects the broader biblical theme of separation from impurity and the need for holiness.

he must count off seven days for his cleansing
The number seven is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing completeness or perfection. The seven-day period ensures that the healing is complete and that the individual is fully restored. This mirrors the creation week, where God completed His work in seven days, and it underscores the importance of thoroughness in the purification process.

wash his clothes
Washing clothes is a symbolic act of removing impurity and is a common biblical motif for purification. In the ancient world, clothing often represented one's status and identity, so washing them signifies a renewal of the person’s social and spiritual status. This act is reminiscent of the New Testament call to put on the new self, as seen in Ephesians 4:24.

and bathe himself in fresh water
Bathing in fresh water is a physical act of cleansing that has spiritual implications. Water is a recurring symbol of purification and life throughout the Bible. This act prefigures Christian baptism, which signifies spiritual cleansing and rebirth. The use of fresh water emphasizes the need for purity and renewal.

and he shall be clean
The declaration of cleanliness marks the end of the purification process and the restoration of the individual to the community. This reflects the biblical principle that God desires His people to be holy and set apart. It also points to the ultimate cleansing from sin that is available through Jesus Christ, as seen in 1 John 1:7, where the blood of Jesus purifies us from all sin.

On the eighth day
The eighth day signifies a new beginning in biblical numerology, often associated with purification and consecration. This is seen in the context of circumcision (Genesis 17:12) and the dedication of the tabernacle (Leviticus 9:1). The number eight symbolizes a fresh start after a complete cycle, reflecting the renewal and restoration process after a period of uncleanness.

he is to take two turtledoves or two young pigeons
These birds were commonly used in sacrificial offerings due to their availability and affordability, making them accessible to those who could not afford larger animals like lambs or goats (Leviticus 5:7). This provision underscores God's inclusivity and compassion, allowing all individuals, regardless of economic status, to participate in the sacrificial system. The use of birds also points to the future sacrifice of Christ, who would offer Himself as a sacrifice for all, regardless of social standing.

come before the LORD
This phrase indicates the act of approaching God in worship and submission, acknowledging His holiness and the need for atonement. It reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where they are invited to draw near to Him through prescribed means. This foreshadows the New Testament teaching that believers can now come boldly before the throne of grace through Jesus Christ (Hebrews 4:16).

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. It served as a tangible reminder of God's desire to dwell with His people. The entrance signifies the threshold between the common and the holy, where individuals could present their offerings and seek reconciliation with God. This anticipates the ultimate fulfillment in Christ, who is the true Tabernacle (John 1:14) and the way to the Father (John 14:6).

and give them to the priest
The priest acted as a mediator between God and the people, facilitating the sacrificial process and ensuring that the offerings were made according to divine instructions. This role prefigures Jesus Christ, our High Priest, who mediates the new covenant and offers Himself as the perfect sacrifice for sin (Hebrews 9:11-14). The priest's involvement underscores the necessity of an intermediary in the process of atonement and purification.

The priest is to sacrifice them
In the Levitical system, priests served as mediators between God and the people. The role of the priest was crucial in maintaining the holiness required by the Law. Sacrifices were central to this process, symbolizing the removal of sin and impurity. The priest's involvement underscores the necessity of an intermediary, foreshadowing the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who would offer Himself as the perfect sacrifice.

one as a sin offering
The sin offering was designed to atone for unintentional sins and cleanse the individual from impurity. It highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for purification. This offering points to the sacrificial work of Christ, who bore the sins of humanity, providing a way for believers to be cleansed and reconciled to God.

and the other as a burnt offering
The burnt offering was a voluntary act of worship, symbolizing total dedication and surrender to God. It was completely consumed by fire, representing the offerer's complete devotion. This offering prefigures Christ's total obedience and submission to the Father's will, culminating in His sacrificial death on the cross.

In this way the priest will make atonement for the man
Atonement involves reconciliation between God and humanity, achieved through the shedding of blood. The priest's actions here are a temporary measure, pointing to the ultimate atonement made by Christ. His sacrifice on the cross provides permanent reconciliation for those who believe, fulfilling the requirements of the Law once and for all.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" emphasizes the presence and holiness of God. All sacrificial acts were performed with an awareness of God's holiness and the need for purity. This setting underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of approaching God with reverence and obedience, a theme echoed throughout Scripture.

because of his discharge
The discharge mentioned refers to a physical impurity that rendered a person ceremonially unclean. This reflects the broader biblical theme of sin as a defiling force that separates humanity from God. The need for cleansing from such impurities points to the deeper spiritual cleansing provided by Christ, who heals and restores those who come to Him in faith.

When a man has an emission of semen
This phrase addresses a natural bodily function, emphasizing the importance of ritual purity in the Israelite community. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bodily emissions were often associated with impurity, not necessarily as a moral failing but as a state that required purification. This reflects the broader Levitical concern with distinguishing between the holy and the common, the clean and the unclean. The focus on semen, a life-giving substance, underscores the sacredness of life and procreation in biblical theology.

he must bathe his whole body with water
The requirement for bathing signifies a ritual cleansing process, which is a recurring theme in Levitical law. Water is a symbol of purification and renewal throughout Scripture, seen in practices such as baptism in the New Testament. This act of washing serves as a physical representation of spiritual cleansing, preparing the individual to re-enter the community and participate in worship. The use of water for purification is also seen in other ancient cultures, but in Israel, it is uniquely tied to the covenant relationship with God.

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being "unclean until evening" indicates a temporary state of impurity. This period allows for reflection and restoration before rejoining communal and religious activities. The evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing a fresh start and the renewal of one's status before God. This concept of time and renewal is echoed in the creation narrative, where "there was evening, and there was morning" (Genesis 1). The temporary nature of this impurity highlights God's provision for restoration and the ongoing process of sanctification in the believer's life.

Any clothing or leather on which there is an emission of semen
This phrase addresses the ritual impurity associated with bodily emissions, a common theme in Levitical law. The focus on clothing or leather highlights the importance of cleanliness and purity in daily life. In ancient Israel, garments and leather goods were valuable and often handmade, making their maintenance crucial. The mention of semen specifically relates to the broader context of bodily fluids and their impact on ritual purity, as seen in Leviticus 15. This reflects the cultural understanding of bodily emissions as sources of impurity, necessitating specific purification rituals.

must be washed with water
The requirement to wash with water signifies a practical and symbolic act of purification. Water is a recurring symbol of cleansing throughout the Bible, representing both physical and spiritual purification. This act of washing is not merely hygienic but also a ritualistic step towards restoring purity. In the broader biblical narrative, water is often associated with cleansing from sin, as seen in the practice of baptism in the New Testament (e.g., Matthew 3:11). The washing here prefigures the ultimate cleansing from sin through Jesus Christ, who offers spiritual purification.

and it will remain unclean until evening
The stipulation that the item remains unclean until evening underscores the temporal nature of ritual impurity. Evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Jewish calendar, symbolizing renewal and restoration. This period of uncleanness serves as a reminder of the separation between the holy and the common, a theme prevalent in Levitical law. The concept of waiting until evening for purification parallels the idea of waiting for redemption and the coming of a new era, as prophesied in the Old Testament and fulfilled in the New Testament through Christ's redemptive work.

If a man lies with a woman
This phrase refers to the act of sexual intercourse, which is a natural and God-ordained part of marriage. In the context of Leviticus, the focus is on ritual purity rather than moral judgment. The act itself is not sinful but requires purification due to the emission of bodily fluids, which were considered sources of impurity in the Levitical law. This reflects the broader biblical theme of distinguishing between the holy and the common, as seen in Leviticus 10:10.

and there is an emission of semen,
The emission of semen is specifically mentioned as a cause of ritual impurity. In ancient Israel, bodily emissions were often associated with life and death, and thus with purity and impurity. This reflects the understanding that life is sacred and that the processes related to it, such as reproduction, require a state of cleanliness. This concept is echoed in other parts of Leviticus, such as in the laws concerning childbirth (Leviticus 12).

both must bathe with water,
The requirement to bathe with water signifies a ritual cleansing. Water is a common symbol of purification throughout the Bible, representing the removal of impurity and the restoration of a state of cleanliness. This practice prefigures the New Testament concept of baptism, which symbolizes spiritual cleansing and rebirth (John 3:5, Titus 3:5).

and they will remain unclean until evening.
The period of uncleanness lasting until evening indicates a temporary state of impurity. This reflects the cyclical nature of daily life and the renewal that comes with each new day. The evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Jewish calendar, symbolizing a fresh start and the restoration of purity. This concept of renewal is seen in Lamentations 3:22-23, where God's mercies are described as new every morning.

When a woman has a discharge consisting of blood from her body
This phrase refers to the natural menstrual cycle experienced by women. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bodily discharges were often associated with impurity, not as a moral failing but as a ritual state. The discharge of blood is a normal biological process, yet it was seen as a state of ritual impurity in the Israelite community. This reflects the broader biblical theme of distinguishing between the holy and the common, the clean and the unclean, as seen in Leviticus.

she will be unclean due to her menstruation for seven days
The period of seven days corresponds to the typical length of a menstrual cycle. The concept of being "unclean" is not about sinfulness but about ritual purity. This period of uncleanness required separation from certain religious activities and communal interactions. The number seven often symbolizes completeness or perfection in the Bible, as seen in the creation week in Genesis 1. This period allowed for a complete cycle of purification.

and anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening
This regulation extended the state of ritual impurity to those who came into contact with the woman during her menstruation. The evening marked the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing a fresh start and the restoration of purity. This reflects the communal nature of purity laws, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the community and the importance of maintaining holiness. The concept of evening purification is also seen in other contexts, such as in Leviticus 11:24-25 regarding contact with unclean animals.

Anything on which she lies or sits
This phrase refers to the objects that come into contact with a woman during her menstrual period. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the concept of ritual purity was significant, and physical contact with certain objects could render a person ceremonially unclean. This reflects the broader Levitical concern with holiness and separation from impurity, emphasizing the need for the Israelites to maintain a distinct identity as God's chosen people. The idea of objects becoming unclean through contact is also seen in other parts of Leviticus, such as in the laws concerning leprosy and bodily discharges.

during her menstruation
Menstruation is a natural biological process, yet in the Levitical law, it is associated with ritual impurity. This reflects the cultural and religious understanding of the time, where blood was often seen as a powerful and potentially contaminating substance. The period of menstruation was a time when a woman was considered ritually unclean, not as a moral judgment, but as a part of the broader system of purity laws. This period of separation can be seen as a time of rest and reflection, similar to other periods of ritual impurity that required temporary withdrawal from communal worship.

will be unclean
The state of being unclean in Levitical law required specific actions to restore purity, such as washing and waiting until evening. This concept of uncleanness is not synonymous with sinfulness but rather indicates a temporary state that prevents participation in certain religious activities. The laws of purity, including those concerning menstruation, highlight the holiness of God and the need for His people to approach Him with reverence and respect. These laws also foreshadow the ultimate purification through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and offers cleansing from all impurity through His sacrifice. The New Testament reflects a shift in understanding, where physical conditions no longer determine one's ability to worship, as seen in passages like Mark 5:25-34, where Jesus heals a woman with a bleeding issue, demonstrating His power over impurity and His compassion for those considered unclean.

and anyone who touches her bed
In the context of Leviticus 15, this phrase refers to the laws concerning ritual purity related to bodily discharges. The bed symbolizes a place of rest and personal space, and touching it implies a close association with the person experiencing the discharge. This law emphasizes the importance of maintaining ritual cleanliness in the community. The concept of impurity from contact is also seen in Numbers 19:22, where anything an unclean person touches becomes unclean. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and separation from impurity.

must wash his clothes and bathe with water
Washing clothes and bathing with water were common purification rituals in ancient Israel. These actions symbolize a physical and spiritual cleansing, preparing individuals to re-enter the community and participate in worship. The use of water for purification is a recurring theme in Scripture, seen in the practices of the priests (Exodus 30:18-21) and later in the New Testament with the baptism of John (Mark 1:4). This ritual cleansing foreshadows the ultimate cleansing from sin through Jesus Christ, as seen in Ephesians 5:26, where the church is sanctified by the washing of water with the word.

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being unclean until evening indicates a temporary state of impurity. Evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and restoration. This temporary uncleanness underscores the distinction between ritual impurity and moral sin, as the former could be resolved through prescribed rituals. The concept of evening as a time of transition is also seen in Genesis 1, where each day is marked by "evening and morning." This reflects the hope of restoration and the cyclical nature of time in God's creation.

Whoever touches any furniture on which she was sitting
This phrase refers to the ritual impurity associated with a woman during her menstrual period, as outlined in the Levitical law. The concept of ritual purity was central to the Israelites' relationship with God, emphasizing the holiness required to approach Him. The furniture mentioned here would include any object or surface that the woman had contact with, symbolizing the pervasive nature of impurity. This reflects the broader biblical theme of separation from sin and the need for cleansing, which is echoed in the New Testament's call for spiritual purity.

must wash his clothes and bathe with water
The requirement to wash clothes and bathe signifies a physical act of purification, which was a common practice in ancient Israel to restore ritual cleanliness. This act symbolizes the removal of impurity and the restoration of a state fit for worship and community participation. Water, often used in purification rites, is a recurring symbol in the Bible, representing cleansing and renewal. This anticipates the New Testament's use of water in baptism, symbolizing the washing away of sin and the believer's new life in Christ.

and he will be unclean until evening
The designation of being unclean until evening underscores the temporary nature of ritual impurity. This period allowed for reflection and acknowledgment of the need for purification before re-entering communal and religious life. The evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and the opportunity for a fresh start. This concept of temporary impurity and subsequent cleansing can be seen as a foreshadowing of the ultimate cleansing from sin offered through Jesus Christ, who provides a permanent solution to the problem of sin and impurity.

And whether it is a bed or furniture on which she was sitting
This phrase refers to the objects that come into contact with a woman during her menstrual impurity, as outlined in Leviticus 15. In ancient Israel, the bed and furniture were common household items, and their mention here underscores the pervasive nature of ritual impurity. The cultural context of the time placed significant emphasis on purity laws, which were integral to maintaining holiness within the community. These laws served as a constant reminder of the need for spiritual cleanliness and separation from sin. The focus on everyday items like beds and furniture highlights the comprehensive nature of the purity laws, affecting all aspects of daily life.

whoever touches it will be unclean until evening
This part of the verse emphasizes the transmission of ritual impurity through contact. The concept of becoming unclean until evening reflects the temporary nature of this impurity, which could be resolved with the passage of time and appropriate purification rituals. The evening marked the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and the opportunity for restoration. This temporary uncleanness can be seen as a type of the separation caused by sin, which requires cleansing and atonement. The idea of impurity being resolved by evening points to the hope of redemption and the ultimate cleansing from sin through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and offers eternal purification.

If a man lies with her
This phrase refers to a man having sexual relations with a woman during her menstrual period. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such an act was considered taboo and was associated with ritual impurity. The cultural understanding of purity and impurity was deeply ingrained in Israelite society, reflecting a broader concern for holiness and separation from defilement. This regulation underscores the importance of maintaining ritual purity, which was central to the Israelites' covenant relationship with God.

and her menstrual flow touches him
The menstrual flow is considered a source of ritual impurity in Levitical law. This reflects the broader biblical theme of blood as both a life-giving and purifying substance, yet also a source of impurity when it is out of its proper context. The touching of menstrual blood signifies a transfer of impurity, which is a key concept in understanding the Levitical purity laws. This highlights the need for separation from anything that could defile, emphasizing the holiness required to approach God.

he will be unclean for seven days
The period of seven days is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing completeness or perfection. In this context, it represents a complete cycle of impurity, after which the individual can be restored to a state of ritual cleanliness. This mirrors the creation week, where the seventh day is a day of rest and completion. The seven-day period also allows for a time of reflection and repentance, aligning with the broader biblical theme of purification and restoration.

and any bed on which he lies will become unclean
The concept of objects becoming unclean through contact with an unclean person is a recurring theme in Levitical law. This reflects the pervasive nature of impurity and the need for vigilance in maintaining holiness. The bed, as a place of rest and intimacy, becoming unclean signifies the extent to which impurity can affect one's environment and relationships. This serves as a reminder of the pervasive impact of sin and the need for continual purification, pointing forward to the ultimate purification through Jesus Christ, who cleanses from all sin.

When a woman has a discharge of her blood for many days at a time other than her menstrual period
This phrase addresses a condition that extends beyond the normal menstrual cycle, indicating a prolonged or abnormal discharge. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such conditions could be seen as a sign of impurity or illness. The law provided guidance for maintaining ritual purity, which was crucial for participating in community and religious life. This condition might be similar to what is medically known today as menorrhagia or other gynecological issues.

or if it continues beyond her period
The continuation of the discharge beyond the typical menstrual cycle suggests a chronic condition. In biblical times, this would have been a significant concern, as it affected a woman's ability to participate in religious and social activities. The emphasis on the duration highlights the importance of distinguishing between normal and abnormal bodily functions in maintaining ritual purity.

she will be unclean all the days of her unclean discharge
The concept of uncleanness here is ritual, not moral. It reflects the need for separation from sacred spaces and activities to maintain the holiness required by the covenant community. This separation underscores the holiness of God and the need for purity in approaching Him. The state of uncleanness required specific rituals for purification, emphasizing the seriousness of maintaining holiness.

just as she is during the days of her menstruation
This comparison to the regular menstrual cycle indicates that the laws for handling this condition are consistent with those for normal menstruation. Levitical laws often used familiar situations to explain more complex or less common conditions. The regularity of menstrual impurity laws provided a framework for understanding and managing other discharges, ensuring that the community remained ritually clean. This also points to the broader biblical theme of separation and purification, which is fulfilled in Christ, who provides ultimate cleansing and access to God.

Any bed on which she lies
In ancient Israel, the bed was a significant piece of furniture, often a simple mat or cushion. The concept of uncleanness associated with the bed highlights the importance of ritual purity in daily life. This reflects the broader Levitical concern with holiness and separation from impurity, emphasizing the need for the Israelites to maintain a state of cleanliness to approach God.

or any furniture on which she sits
Furniture in ancient times was minimal, often consisting of stools or low chairs. The inclusion of furniture in this regulation underscores the pervasive nature of ritual impurity, affecting all aspects of life. This can be seen as a metaphor for the pervasive nature of sin and the need for constant vigilance and purification.

during the days of her discharge
The discharge refers to a woman's menstrual cycle, which was a natural biological process. In the cultural and historical context of the Israelites, this period was seen as a time of impurity, not as a moral failing but as a ritual state that required purification. This reflects the broader biblical theme of distinguishing between the holy and the common.

will be unclean
Uncleanness in Levitical law is not synonymous with sin but rather a state that requires purification. This concept is central to understanding the sacrificial system and the need for atonement. It points to the ultimate purification through Jesus Christ, who cleanses believers from all impurity.

like her bed during her menstrual period
This comparison reinforces the idea that the state of impurity is consistent and predictable, much like the regularity of the menstrual cycle. It serves as a reminder of the need for regular purification rituals, which foreshadow the ultimate cleansing provided by Christ's sacrifice. The menstrual period, while a natural part of life, is used here to teach about the separation required to maintain holiness before God.

Anyone who touches these things will be unclean;
This phrase emphasizes the concept of ritual impurity in the Mosaic Law. In the ancient Israelite context, uncleanness was not necessarily a moral failing but a state that required purification. The idea of touch leading to uncleanness highlights the pervasive nature of impurity and the need for vigilance in maintaining ritual purity. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus often challenges the traditional views of purity, emphasizing internal purity over external rituals (Mark 7:14-23).

he must wash his clothes and bathe with water,
The requirement to wash clothes and bathe signifies a physical act of purification, symbolizing a return to a state of ritual cleanliness. Water is a recurring symbol of purification throughout the Bible, seen in practices such as baptism in the New Testament (Matthew 3:11). This act of washing can be seen as a precursor to the spiritual cleansing offered through Christ, who provides a deeper, spiritual purification (Hebrews 10:22).

and he will be unclean until evening.
The stipulation that uncleanness lasts until evening reflects the daily cycle of life in ancient Israel. Evening marked the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and restoration. This temporal aspect of uncleanness underscores the temporary nature of ritual impurity and the hope of restoration. It also prefigures the ultimate cleansing and renewal found in Christ, who offers a permanent solution to sin and impurity (2 Corinthians 5:17).

When a woman is cleansed of her discharge
This phrase refers to the purification process following a woman's menstrual cycle or any abnormal discharge. In the ancient Israelite context, bodily discharges were considered ritually impure, impacting one's ability to participate in communal worship and daily life. The cleansing process underscores the importance of purity in maintaining a relationship with God. This reflects the broader Levitical theme of holiness and separation from impurity, which is central to the covenant relationship between God and Israel.

she must count off seven days
The requirement to count seven days signifies a complete period of purification, symbolizing wholeness and completion in biblical numerology. The number seven frequently appears in Scripture, often associated with creation (Genesis 1), rest (Exodus 20:8-11), and divine perfection. This period allows for a transition from impurity to purity, emphasizing the need for intentional preparation before re-entering the community and worship.

and after that she will be ceremonially clean
The concept of ceremonial cleanliness is crucial in Levitical law, distinguishing between the sacred and the profane. Once the seven days are completed, the woman is restored to a state of ritual purity, allowing her to participate fully in religious and communal activities. This restoration process can be seen as a type of Christ's redemptive work, where believers are cleansed from sin and restored to fellowship with God. The emphasis on ceremonial cleanliness also points to the future fulfillment in Christ, who provides ultimate purification for humanity (Hebrews 9:13-14).

On the eighth day
The eighth day signifies a new beginning in biblical numerology, often associated with purification and renewal. This is seen in the context of circumcision (Genesis 17:12) and the Feast of Tabernacles (Leviticus 23:36). The eighth day marks the completion of the purification process, symbolizing a fresh start and restoration to the community.

she is to take two turtledoves or two young pigeons
Turtledoves and pigeons were common sacrificial animals, accessible to those of modest means (Leviticus 5:7). This provision underscores God's consideration for all economic classes, allowing everyone to participate in the sacrificial system. These birds are also significant in the New Testament, as Mary and Joseph offered them at Jesus' presentation in the temple (Luke 2:24), highlighting their role in purification rites.

and bring them to the priest
The priest acts as an intermediary between the individual and God, a role that foreshadows Christ as our High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16). The priest's involvement emphasizes the necessity of mediation in the process of atonement and purification, pointing to the ultimate mediation of Jesus.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites during their wilderness journey. It symbolizes God's presence among His people (Exodus 25:8). Bringing the offering to the entrance signifies approaching God with reverence and obedience, a theme echoed in the New Testament where believers are encouraged to draw near to God through Christ (Hebrews 10:19-22).

The priest is to sacrifice one as a sin offering
In the Levitical system, the sin offering was a crucial part of atonement rituals. It symbolized the removal of sin and impurity from the individual. The priest, acting as a mediator between God and the people, performed this sacrifice to cleanse the person from ceremonial impurity. This offering points to the need for purification from sin, a theme that runs throughout the Bible, culminating in the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is described as the sin offering for humanity (Hebrews 10:12).

and the other as a burnt offering.
The burnt offering was a symbol of complete dedication and surrender to God. Unlike the sin offering, which was partially consumed by the priest, the burnt offering was entirely consumed by fire, representing total consecration. This act of offering signifies the worshiper's desire to be wholly devoted to God. The burnt offering foreshadows Christ's complete and willing sacrifice, as He offered Himself entirely to God on behalf of humanity (Ephesians 5:2).

In this way the priest will make atonement for her
Atonement in the Old Testament involved covering or removing sin to restore the relationship between God and the individual. The priest's role was to mediate this process, highlighting the need for an intermediary in the reconciliation with God. This anticipates the New Testament revelation of Jesus as the ultimate High Priest who makes atonement for all (Hebrews 9:11-12).

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates that the ritual was performed in the presence of God, emphasizing His holiness and the seriousness of sin. It underscores the belief that all acts of worship and atonement are ultimately directed towards God, who is the source of forgiveness and purification. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to live their lives as a sacrifice before God (Romans 12:1).

for her unclean discharge.
The context of Leviticus 15 deals with various bodily discharges and their implications for ritual purity. In ancient Israel, physical cleanliness was closely associated with spiritual purity. The discharge rendered a person ceremonially unclean, necessitating purification rituals to restore them to the community and to God. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the need for cleansing from sin and impurity, which is ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who cleanses believers from all unrighteousness (1 John 1:9).

You must keep the children of Israel separate from their uncleanness
This directive emphasizes the importance of ritual purity in the Israelite community. In the context of Leviticus, uncleanness often refers to ceremonial impurity, which could result from various sources such as bodily discharges, skin diseases, or contact with dead bodies. The separation underscores the holiness required to approach God, reflecting His nature as pure and set apart. This concept of separation is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are called to be holy and distinct from the world (1 Peter 1:15-16).

so that they do not die by defiling My tabernacle
The tabernacle was the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites, a sacred space where heaven and earth met. Defiling it through uncleanness was a serious offense, as it could lead to death, highlighting the severity of approaching God in an impure state. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's holiness and the need for atonement, which is ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who provides the means for believers to approach God with confidence (Hebrews 10:19-22).

which is among them
The presence of the tabernacle among the Israelites signifies God's desire to dwell with His people, a theme that runs throughout Scripture. This presence required the community to maintain purity and holiness. In the New Testament, this concept is expanded as believers themselves become the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19), emphasizing the ongoing need for spiritual purity and the transformative presence of God within His people.

This is the law of him who has a discharge
This phrase introduces a specific regulation within the broader Levitical laws concerning ritual purity. In the context of ancient Israel, maintaining ritual cleanliness was essential for participating in community worship and daily life. Discharges, whether due to illness or other natural bodily functions, rendered a person ceremonially unclean, necessitating specific purification rites. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and separation from impurity, as seen in Leviticus 11-15, which outlines various laws on cleanliness.

of the man who has an emission of semen
This part of the verse addresses a natural bodily function, emphasizing that even normal biological processes could result in temporary ritual impurity. The inclusion of semen emissions highlights the comprehensive nature of the purity laws, covering all aspects of life. This reflects the biblical understanding of human sexuality as a part of God's creation, yet also acknowledges the need for purity in approaching the divine. The New Testament, particularly in passages like 1 Corinthians 6:18-20, continues to address issues of sexual purity, though with a focus on moral rather than ritual cleanliness.

whereby he is unclean
The concept of being "unclean" in Levitical law is not synonymous with sinfulness but rather indicates a state of ritual impurity that requires purification. This distinction is crucial for understanding the purpose of these laws, which were designed to teach the Israelites about the holiness of God and the need for purity in His presence. The purification process often involved washing and waiting until evening, symbolizing a return to a state of readiness to engage in worship and community life. This theme of cleansing and restoration is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus' sacrifice is seen as the ultimate means of purification for believers, as noted in Hebrews 9:13-14.

of a woman in her menstrual period
In ancient Israel, a woman's menstrual period was considered a time of ritual impurity. This was not a moral impurity but a ceremonial one, reflecting the broader Levitical concern with purity and holiness. The separation during this time underscored the sanctity of life and the creative process. The laws served to protect the community from defilement and to remind the Israelites of God's holiness. This period of separation can be seen as a type of purification, pointing to the need for spiritual cleansing, which is ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who purifies believers from all sin.

of any male or female who has a discharge
Discharges, whether from illness or other causes, rendered a person ceremonially unclean. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the fallen human condition and the need for divine intervention. The laws concerning discharges emphasized the importance of physical and spiritual cleanliness. In the New Testament, Jesus' healing of the woman with the issue of blood (Mark 5:25-34) demonstrates His authority over impurity and His power to restore both physical and spiritual wholeness.

and of a man who lies with an unclean woman
This phrase addresses the transmission of ceremonial impurity through sexual relations. It highlights the interconnectedness of individuals within the community and the potential for impurity to spread. The emphasis on sexual purity is consistent throughout Scripture, pointing to the sanctity of marriage and the importance of holiness in all aspects of life. In the New Testament, believers are called to live pure lives, reflecting the holiness of God (1 Thessalonians 4:3-7). The ultimate fulfillment of purity laws is found in Christ, who sanctifies and cleanses His church (Ephesians 5:25-27).