After this
This phrase indicates a continuation from the previous events in the Gospel of Luke. It follows Jesus' teachings and interactions, including the sending out of the Twelve Apostles in Luke 9. The context suggests a strategic and purposeful expansion of Jesus' ministry.

the Lord appointed seventy-two others
The number seventy-two is significant, often associated with the nations of the world as listed in Genesis 10. This may symbolize the universal mission of the Gospel. Some manuscripts mention seventy instead of seventy-two, reflecting variations in ancient texts. The appointment by the Lord underscores His authority and divine initiative in the mission.

and sent them two by two
Sending them in pairs reflects a practical approach for mutual support and accountability. It also aligns with Jewish legal principles requiring two witnesses for a testimony to be considered valid (Deuteronomy 19:15). This method emphasizes the importance of community and partnership in ministry.

ahead of Him
This indicates a preparatory mission, where the seventy-two were to prepare the way for Jesus' arrival. It echoes the role of John the Baptist as a forerunner and highlights the importance of preparing hearts to receive the message of the Kingdom.

to every town and place
The mission was comprehensive, targeting various locations. This reflects the inclusive nature of Jesus' ministry, reaching out to diverse communities. It also suggests a strategic approach to spreading the Gospel, ensuring that no area is overlooked.

He was about to visit
This phrase emphasizes the personal involvement of Jesus in His ministry. The towns and places were not random; they were chosen destinations where Jesus intended to bring His message. It highlights the anticipation of His presence and the transformative impact of His visit.

And He told them
This phrase indicates Jesus is speaking directly to His disciples. It is a moment of instruction and preparation as He sends them out on a mission. The context is Jesus preparing the seventy-two disciples for their mission, emphasizing the importance of their role in spreading the Gospel. This reflects the broader mission of the Church to evangelize and disciple nations.

The harvest is plentiful
The "harvest" symbolizes the multitude of people ready to receive the Gospel. In an agrarian society, harvest time was crucial and required many laborers. Spiritually, it signifies the readiness of people's hearts to accept the message of salvation. This imagery is consistent with Old Testament references to harvest as a time of gathering and judgment (e.g., Joel 3:13).

But the workers are few
This highlights the shortage of those willing or prepared to spread the Gospel. Historically, the early Church faced persecution and challenges, making the task of evangelism daunting. The scarcity of workers underscores the need for more disciples to engage in the mission field, a call that remains relevant today.

Ask the Lord of the harvest
This phrase emphasizes the necessity of prayer in the mission of evangelism. It acknowledges God's sovereignty over the mission field and the need for divine intervention. The "Lord of the harvest" is a title that affirms God's authority and control over the spiritual harvest, aligning with His role as the ultimate judge and gatherer of souls.

Therefore, to send out workers
The call to "send out" workers implies a proactive and intentional effort to recruit and deploy individuals for ministry. This reflects the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20) where Jesus commands His followers to go and make disciples. It suggests a sense of urgency and purpose in fulfilling God's mission.

Into His harvest
The harvest belongs to God, indicating that the mission is ultimately His work. This phrase reassures believers that they are participating in God's divine plan. It also implies that the success of the mission is dependent on God's provision and guidance, reinforcing the need for reliance on Him in all evangelistic efforts.

Go!
This command is a direct and urgent instruction from Jesus to His disciples. It reflects the immediacy and importance of their mission. The imperative "Go" is reminiscent of the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19, where Jesus commands His followers to make disciples of all nations. The urgency of the mission underscores the need for obedience and action in spreading the Gospel.

I am sending you out
Jesus is the one commissioning the disciples, indicating His authority and the divine nature of their mission. This sending mirrors the sending of the prophets in the Old Testament, such as Isaiah (Isaiah 6:8) and Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:7), who were also sent by God to deliver His message. The disciples are not acting on their own accord but are representatives of Christ, carrying His message and authority.

like lambs among wolves.
This phrase highlights the vulnerability and danger the disciples will face. Lambs are gentle and defenseless animals, while wolves are predators, symbolizing the hostility and opposition the disciples will encounter. This imagery is consistent with the persecution faced by early Christians, as seen in Acts and the epistles. It also reflects Jesus' own experience, as He was "the Lamb of God" (John 1:29) who faced opposition and sacrifice. The contrast between lambs and wolves emphasizes the need for reliance on God's protection and wisdom in the face of adversity.

Carry no purse or bag or sandals.
This instruction from Jesus to His disciples emphasizes reliance on God's provision and the urgency of their mission. In biblical times, a purse or money bag was used to carry coins, a bag for provisions, and sandals for travel. By instructing them to carry none of these, Jesus is teaching dependence on the hospitality of those they would minister to, reflecting the cultural practice of hospitality in the ancient Near East. This directive also echoes God's provision for the Israelites during their wilderness journey, where they were sustained without the usual means (Deuteronomy 29:5). The absence of sandals may symbolize the holy nature of their mission, reminiscent of Moses removing his sandals at the burning bush (Exodus 3:5). This command underscores the urgency and focus required for their mission, as they are to trust in God's provision and the kindness of others, rather than their own resources.

Do not greet anyone along the road.
In the cultural context of the time, greetings were often lengthy and involved elaborate rituals. By instructing His disciples not to greet anyone along the road, Jesus emphasizes the urgency and single-mindedness required for their mission. This is not a call to rudeness but a directive to avoid unnecessary delays. The mission of proclaiming the Kingdom of God takes precedence over social customs. This urgency is similar to Elisha's instructions to Gehazi in 2 Kings 4:29, where he was told not to greet anyone to ensure the swift delivery of God's message. The focus is on the task at hand, highlighting the importance of the message they carry and the immediacy of their mission.

Whatever house you enter
This phrase indicates the practice of hospitality in the ancient Near East, where travelers were often welcomed into homes. It reflects the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry and the mission of His disciples. The instruction to enter a house suggests a personal and relational approach to ministry, emphasizing the importance of community and fellowship. This practice is consistent with the cultural norms of the time, where offering hospitality was a significant social duty.

begin by saying
The directive to begin with a specific greeting underscores the importance of intentionality in ministry. It highlights the need for a deliberate approach when engaging with others, setting the tone for the interaction. This aligns with the broader biblical principle of speaking life and blessing into situations, as seen in Proverbs 18:21, which speaks of the power of the tongue.

‘Peace to this house.’
The greeting of peace, or "shalom" in Hebrew, is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition and conveys a blessing of wholeness, well-being, and harmony. It is more than a simple wish for the absence of conflict; it encompasses a holistic sense of God's blessing. This greeting reflects the messianic peace that Jesus brings, as prophesied in Isaiah 9:6, where the Messiah is called the "Prince of Peace." It also connects to Jesus' post-resurrection appearances, where He greets His disciples with "Peace be with you" (John 20:19, 21, 26), signifying the peace that comes through His victory over sin and death.

If a man of peace is there
This phrase refers to a person who is receptive to the message of the Gospel and the peace it brings. In the cultural context of the time, hospitality was a significant virtue, and a "man of peace" would be someone open to receiving strangers and their message. This concept is rooted in the Jewish understanding of "shalom," which encompasses peace, wholeness, and well-being. The idea of finding a "man of peace" is also seen in the Old Testament, such as when Abraham's servant sought a suitable wife for Isaac (Genesis 24:12-14). Theologically, this can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate bringer of peace (Isaiah 9:6).

your peace will rest on him
The peace mentioned here is not merely a greeting but a profound spiritual blessing. In biblical terms, peace is a gift from God, often associated with His presence and favor (Numbers 6:24-26). When Jesus sent out His disciples, He empowered them to extend His peace to others. This peace is a foretaste of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus proclaimed throughout His ministry. The resting of peace on a person signifies acceptance and the beginning of a transformative relationship with God.

if not, it will return to you
This phrase indicates that the peace offered is not lost if it is not accepted. Instead, it returns to the one who offers it, signifying that the responsibility of the messenger is to offer peace, not to ensure its acceptance. This reflects the broader biblical principle of free will and the individual's responsibility to respond to God's call (Deuteronomy 30:19). Theologically, it underscores the sovereignty of God in salvation, as seen in the parable of the sower (Matthew 13:1-23), where the seed is sown widely, but not all ground is receptive.

Stay at the same house
This instruction emphasizes stability and contentment. In the cultural context of the time, hospitality was a significant virtue, and staying in one place would foster deeper relationships and community trust. It reflects the importance of building lasting connections rather than seeking better accommodations or more favorable conditions.

Eating and drinking whatever you are offered
This phrase underscores the principle of accepting hospitality without complaint or preference, which was crucial in a culture where food customs varied widely. It also reflects a broader biblical theme of gratitude and acceptance, as seen in 1 Corinthians 10:27, where believers are encouraged to eat what is set before them without raising questions of conscience.

For the worker is worthy of his wages
This statement affirms the principle of fair compensation for labor, rooted in Old Testament law (Deuteronomy 24:15) and echoed in 1 Timothy 5:18. It highlights the value of the work being done by the disciples and the responsibility of the community to support those who minister among them.

Do not move around from house to house
This instruction discourages seeking better provisions or accommodations, which could lead to division or competition among hosts. It promotes contentment and integrity, ensuring that the focus remains on the mission rather than personal comfort or gain. This principle is consistent with the teachings of Jesus on humility and service.

If you enter a town and they welcome you
This phrase indicates the practice of hospitality in the ancient Near East, where welcoming travelers was a common cultural expectation. The disciples were sent out by Jesus to spread the message of the Kingdom of God, and their reception in a town was a sign of openness to their message. This reflects the broader biblical theme of hospitality, as seen in Genesis 18 with Abraham and the three visitors. The act of welcoming is also a metaphor for accepting the teachings of Jesus, as seen in Matthew 10:40, where Jesus says, "He who receives you receives Me."

eat whatever is set before you
This instruction emphasizes the importance of accepting hospitality without complaint or discrimination, reflecting the unity and fellowship among believers. In the context of Jewish dietary laws, this command suggests a temporary suspension of such restrictions for the sake of the mission, similar to Peter's vision in Acts 10:9-16, where God declares all foods clean. This phrase underscores the principle of adaptability and respect for the customs of others, as Paul later articulates in 1 Corinthians 9:22, "I have become all things to all people so that by all possible means I might save some." It also prefigures the breaking down of barriers between Jews and Gentiles, a key theme in the early church.

Heal the sick who are there
This phrase emphasizes the compassionate ministry of Jesus and His disciples. Healing the sick was a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, demonstrating God's power and mercy. In the cultural context of the time, illness was often seen as a result of sin or spiritual oppression, so healing was not only physical but also spiritual restoration. This command reflects Jesus' own ministry, as seen in passages like Matthew 4:23, where He healed every disease and sickness among the people. The act of healing served as a tangible demonstration of God's love and a foretaste of the complete restoration promised in the kingdom of God.

and tell them,
The directive to "tell them" underscores the importance of proclamation in the mission of Jesus' followers. It was not enough to perform acts of mercy; the message of the kingdom needed to be communicated clearly. This aligns with the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19-20, where Jesus instructs His disciples to make disciples of all nations, teaching them to obey everything He has commanded. The spoken word was crucial in a predominantly oral culture, where stories and teachings were passed down verbally.

‘The kingdom of God is near you.’
This proclamation is central to Jesus' message throughout the Gospels. The kingdom of God refers to God's sovereign rule and reign, which was inaugurated through Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. The phrase "is near you" indicates both a present reality and a future hope. It suggests that through Jesus, God's kingdom has broken into human history, offering salvation and transformation. This echoes the message of John the Baptist in Matthew 3:2 and Jesus' own preaching in Mark 1:15. The nearness of the kingdom calls for a response of repentance and faith, as individuals are invited to enter into a new relationship with God through Christ.

But if you enter a town and they do not welcome you
This phrase reflects the instructions Jesus gave to His disciples as He sent them out to preach the Kingdom of God. The context is the mission of the seventy-two disciples, emphasizing the urgency and importance of their message. The lack of welcome signifies rejection of the message of Christ, which was a common experience for early Christians. This echoes the Old Testament prophets who were often rejected by their own people (e.g., Jeremiah 7:27). The cultural context of hospitality in the ancient Near East was significant; a lack of welcome was a serious breach of social norms, indicating a deeper spiritual rejection.

go into the streets and declare
The act of going into the streets symbolizes a public declaration, making the rejection known not just to the household but to the entire community. This public act serves as a testimony against the town, highlighting the seriousness of rejecting the message of the Kingdom. It parallels the prophetic actions in the Old Testament, where prophets often performed symbolic acts to convey God's message (e.g., Ezekiel 4:1-3). The streets, being the center of public life, ensure that the message reaches as many people as possible, underscoring the accountability of the community for their response to the gospel.

Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet, we wipe off as a testimony against you.
This phrase reflects a symbolic act performed by Jesus' disciples when a town rejected their message. In Jewish culture, shaking off the dust from one's feet was a gesture of disassociation and judgment, indicating that the town was considered pagan or unclean. This act is rooted in the Jewish practice of shaking off Gentile dust when returning to Israel, signifying separation from those outside the covenant community. The disciples' action served as a public declaration that the town had rejected the message of the Gospel and, consequently, the peace and blessings associated with it. This gesture is also a warning of impending judgment, as seen in other biblical instances where rejection of God's messengers leads to divine consequences (e.g., Acts 13:51).

Yet be sure of this: The kingdom of God is near.
This statement emphasizes the urgency and immediacy of the message the disciples were delivering. The "kingdom of God" refers to God's sovereign rule and the fulfillment of His promises through Jesus Christ. The phrase "is near" indicates that the kingdom is both present in the person and work of Jesus and imminent in its full realization. This echoes the prophetic announcements in the Old Testament, such as in Isaiah 52:7, where the coming of God's reign is proclaimed as good news. The nearness of the kingdom calls for a response of repentance and faith, as seen in Jesus' own preaching (Mark 1:15). The disciples' proclamation serves as both an invitation to enter the kingdom and a warning of the consequences of rejecting it.

I tell you
This phrase emphasizes the authority of Jesus as He speaks. It is a direct assertion, indicating the importance and certainty of the message that follows. Jesus often used this phrase to introduce significant teachings or prophetic statements, underscoring His role as a divine teacher and prophet.

it will be more bearable on that day
"That day" refers to the Day of Judgment, a common theme in biblical eschatology. The phrase "more bearable" suggests varying degrees of judgment, indicating that some will face harsher consequences than others. This concept is consistent with other biblical passages that speak of differing levels of punishment based on one's actions and response to God's revelation (e.g., Matthew 11:22-24).

for Sodom
Sodom is a city synonymous with sin and divine judgment, as described in Genesis 19. Its destruction serves as a historical example of God's wrath against extreme wickedness. The mention of Sodom here highlights the severity of the judgment that awaits those who reject the message of Jesus, suggesting that their sin is even greater than that of Sodom.

than for that town
"That town" refers to the towns that rejected the disciples' message as they were sent out by Jesus (Luke 10:1-11). The comparison to Sodom underscores the gravity of rejecting the gospel, which is a greater revelation of God's truth than what was available to Sodom. This highlights the increased responsibility and accountability of those who have heard the message of Christ and yet choose to reject it.

Woe to you, Chorazin!
Chorazin was a town located near the Sea of Galilee, close to Capernaum. Despite its proximity to Jesus' ministry, it is mentioned only in this context of rebuke. The term "woe" is a strong expression of lament and judgment, indicating the seriousness of their unrepentance. This reflects the biblical principle that greater revelation brings greater responsibility (Luke 12:48).

Woe to you, Bethsaida!
Bethsaida was another town near the Sea of Galilee, known as the hometown of several apostles, including Peter, Andrew, and Philip. Jesus performed miracles here, such as the healing of a blind man (Mark 8:22-26). The repetition of "woe" emphasizes the gravity of their failure to respond to Jesus' works and message.

For if the miracles that were performed in you
The miracles refer to the signs and wonders Jesus performed, which were meant to authenticate His divine authority and message. These acts were not just displays of power but were intended to lead people to repentance and faith.

had been performed in Tyre and Sidon,
Tyre and Sidon were ancient Phoenician cities known for their wealth and paganism. In the Old Testament, they were often condemned by prophets for their idolatry and arrogance (Ezekiel 28:2-8). Jesus' comparison suggests that even these historically sinful cities would have responded more favorably to His miracles than Chorazin and Bethsaida did.

they would have repented long ago,
Repentance involves a change of mind and heart, turning away from sin and toward God. The statement underscores the hardness of heart in Chorazin and Bethsaida, as even notoriously sinful cities like Tyre and Sidon would have repented if given the same opportunity.

sitting in sackcloth and ashes.
Sackcloth and ashes were traditional symbols of mourning and repentance in Jewish culture (Jonah 3:5-6). This imagery conveys deep sorrow for sin and a desire for forgiveness. The use of these symbols highlights the expected response to Jesus' message and miracles, contrasting with the actual response of Chorazin and Bethsaida.

But it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon
Tyre and Sidon were ancient Phoenician cities known for their wealth and commerce. In the Old Testament, they were often condemned by prophets for their idolatry and pride (Isaiah 23, Ezekiel 28). Despite their paganism, Jesus suggests that their judgment will be more lenient compared to the cities that rejected His message. This implies that greater revelation brings greater responsibility. The mention of Tyre and Sidon serves as a warning to those who have witnessed Jesus' miracles and teachings yet remain unrepentant.

at the judgment
The judgment refers to the final judgment when all people will be held accountable for their actions and responses to God's revelation. This concept is rooted in Jewish eschatology and is affirmed in the New Testament (Matthew 25:31-46, Revelation 20:11-15). The idea of varying degrees of judgment is consistent with Jesus' teachings elsewhere, indicating that those with greater knowledge of God's truth will face stricter judgment (Luke 12:47-48).

than for you.
"You" refers to the cities of Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, which had witnessed Jesus' miracles and heard His teachings but largely remained unrepentant. These cities were part of the region of Galilee, where Jesus performed many of His works. The comparison underscores the seriousness of rejecting Christ after having received clear evidence of His divine authority. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of unbelief and the importance of responding to God's revelation with repentance and faith.

And you, Capernaum
Capernaum was a significant town in Jesus' ministry, often referred to as His "own city" (Matthew 9:1). It was located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee and served as a central hub for Jesus' teachings and miracles. Despite witnessing many of His works, the town's inhabitants largely remained unrepentant, which is why Jesus addresses them directly here. The mention of Capernaum highlights the accountability of those who have been given much revelation and yet fail to respond.

will you be lifted up to heaven?
This rhetorical question implies a sense of pride or self-exaltation. Capernaum, having been the site of many of Jesus' miracles, might have assumed a special status or favor. The question challenges this assumption, suggesting that their privileged position does not guarantee divine favor or eternal reward. It echoes the biblical principle that pride precedes a fall (Proverbs 16:18).

No, you will be brought down to Hades!
Hades, in this context, refers to the realm of the dead, often associated with judgment and separation from God. The statement serves as a warning of impending judgment due to the town's unbelief and rejection of Jesus. This imagery of descent contrasts with the earlier notion of being "lifted up," emphasizing the consequences of spiritual pride and unrepentance. The warning to Capernaum parallels the fate of other unrepentant cities in biblical history, such as Sodom and Gomorrah, and serves as a sobering reminder of the need for repentance and faith.

Whoever listens to you listens to Me;
This phrase emphasizes the authority given to the disciples by Jesus. In the context of Luke 10, Jesus is sending out the seventy-two disciples to preach and heal. The statement underscores the idea that the disciples are representatives of Christ, and their message is His message. This concept of representation is rooted in Jewish tradition, where a shaliach (messenger) carries the authority of the one who sent him. This is similar to the role of prophets in the Old Testament, who spoke on behalf of God. The authority of the apostles is further affirmed in Matthew 28:18-20, where Jesus gives the Great Commission, empowering them to teach and baptize in His name.

whoever rejects you rejects Me;
Here, Jesus warns that rejecting His messengers is equivalent to rejecting Him. This reflects the close identification between Jesus and His disciples. In the cultural context of the time, hospitality and acceptance of a messenger were crucial, as seen in the instructions Jesus gives earlier in Luke 10:5-12. The rejection of the disciples' message is not just a personal affront but a spiritual decision with significant consequences. This idea is echoed in John 15:18-20, where Jesus tells His followers that the world will hate them because it first hated Him.

and whoever rejects Me rejects the One who sent Me.”
This phrase connects Jesus' mission directly to God the Father, highlighting the divine authority and origin of His message. It reflects the unity between Jesus and the Father, a theme prevalent in the Gospel of John (e.g., John 10:30, "I and the Father are one"). The rejection of Jesus is thus portrayed as a rejection of God Himself, which has eternal implications. This statement also ties into the broader biblical narrative of God's redemptive plan, where Jesus is the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah, such as Isaiah 53. The rejection of Jesus by many of His contemporaries is a fulfillment of these prophecies and serves as a warning to future generations about the seriousness of rejecting God's offer of salvation through Christ.

The seventy-two returned with joy
This phrase refers to the group of disciples Jesus sent out earlier in the chapter (Luke 10:1). The number seventy-two is significant, as it may symbolize the nations of the world, reflecting the table of nations in Genesis 10. Their return with joy indicates the success of their mission and the fulfillment of Jesus' instructions. This joy is a common theme in the New Testament, often associated with the presence and work of the Holy Spirit (Galatians 5:22).

and said, “Lord,
The use of "Lord" here acknowledges Jesus' authority and divinity. In the cultural and historical context, calling someone "Lord" was a sign of respect and recognition of their higher status. This title for Jesus is consistent throughout the New Testament, affirming His role as the Messiah and the Son of God (Philippians 2:11).

even the demons submit to us
This statement highlights the authority given to the disciples over demonic forces. In the Jewish context, demons were considered evil spirits opposed to God. The disciples' ability to command them demonstrates the power of Jesus' name and the coming of God's kingdom. This authority over demons is a sign of the messianic age prophesied in the Old Testament (Isaiah 61:1).

in Your name.”
The phrase "in Your name" signifies acting under the authority and power of Jesus. In biblical terms, a name represents the essence and authority of a person. The disciples' success in casting out demons underscores the power inherent in Jesus' name, as seen in other scriptures where His name is invoked for healing and miracles (Acts 3:6, Philippians 2:9-10). This reflects the early Christian understanding of Jesus as the source of divine power and authority.

So He told them
This phrase indicates that Jesus is speaking directly to His disciples. The context is important here, as Jesus had just sent out seventy-two disciples to preach and perform miracles in His name. Upon their return, they reported their success, and Jesus responds with this statement. This moment is a teaching opportunity, emphasizing His authority and the spiritual realities behind their mission.

I saw Satan
The use of "I saw" suggests a firsthand witness, indicating Jesus' divine nature and eternal existence. This statement can be seen as a reference to Jesus' pre-incarnate state, where He was present at the fall of Satan. It underscores His authority over spiritual realms and His knowledge of cosmic events. The mention of "Satan" refers to the adversary, the fallen angel who opposes God and His purposes, as seen in passages like Isaiah 14:12-15 and Ezekiel 28:12-17, which describe the fall of a proud being from heaven.

fall like lightning
The imagery of "lightning" conveys suddenness and visibility. Lightning is powerful and unmistakable, suggesting that Satan's fall was both dramatic and definitive. This phrase can be interpreted as a reference to the original fall of Satan from grace, as well as a prophetic statement about his ultimate defeat. The suddenness of lightning also implies the swift execution of God's judgment.

from heaven
This indicates the original position of Satan before his fall. Heaven is often depicted as the dwelling place of God and His angels. The fall "from heaven" signifies a loss of status and authority, aligning with biblical themes of pride leading to downfall. This phrase connects to other scriptural accounts of heavenly beings being cast down due to rebellion, reinforcing the theme of divine justice and the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom.

Behold, I have given you authority
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority granted by Jesus to His disciples. In biblical context, authority is often associated with the power to act on behalf of God. This authority is reminiscent of the dominion given to humanity in Genesis 1:28, where God grants humans authority over creation. It also reflects the authority Jesus Himself exercised during His ministry, as seen in His miracles and teachings (Matthew 28:18).

to tread on snakes and scorpions
Snakes and scorpions are symbolic of evil and danger in the Bible. In Genesis 3:15, the serpent represents Satan, and the promise of crushing its head foreshadows Christ's victory over evil. In the ancient Near East, snakes and scorpions were literal threats, but here they symbolize spiritual adversaries. This imagery assures believers of protection and victory over demonic forces, echoing Psalm 91:13, where the faithful are promised safety from such dangers.

and over all the power of the enemy
The "enemy" refers to Satan and his demonic forces. This phrase underscores the comprehensive nature of the authority given to believers, extending beyond physical threats to spiritual warfare. Ephesians 6:12 highlights the spiritual battle against "the rulers, the authorities, the powers of this dark world." The authority given by Jesus empowers believers to overcome these spiritual adversaries, aligning with the promise of victory in Romans 8:37.

Nothing will harm you
This assurance of protection is both physical and spiritual. While believers may face trials and persecution, the ultimate harm—separation from God—is nullified through Christ's victory. This promise echoes the protection found in Psalm 91:10-11, where God commands His angels to guard His people. It also reflects the eternal security found in John 10:28, where Jesus assures that no one can snatch His followers from His hand.

Nevertheless, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you
In this phrase, Jesus addresses the seventy-two disciples who returned with joy, reporting that even demons submitted to them in His name. This highlights the authority given to them by Jesus, reflecting His power over the spiritual realm. The submission of spirits is a testament to the authority of Christ, as seen in other scriptures like Mark 16:17 and Acts 16:18. However, Jesus redirects their focus from the miraculous to the eternal, emphasizing that spiritual victories should not be the primary source of their joy. This serves as a reminder of the temporary nature of earthly accomplishments compared to eternal truths.

but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.
This phrase shifts the focus from earthly achievements to eternal security. The concept of names being written in heaven is a metaphor for salvation and eternal life, found in other biblical passages such as Exodus 32:32-33, Psalm 69:28, and Revelation 3:5. It signifies being part of God's kingdom and having a secure place in eternity. The imagery of a heavenly book or register was familiar in Jewish culture, symbolizing divine acknowledgment and acceptance. This assurance of salvation is the true source of joy for believers, as it reflects a relationship with God that transcends earthly experiences and accomplishments.

At that time
This phrase indicates a specific moment in Jesus' ministry, following the return of the seventy-two disciples who were sent out to preach and heal. It highlights a pivotal moment of revelation and divine joy.

Jesus rejoiced in the Holy Spirit
Jesus' joy is deeply spiritual, rooted in His relationship with the Holy Spirit. This reflects the Trinitarian nature of God, where the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct yet unified. The joy signifies divine approval and fulfillment of God's plan.

and declared, “I praise You, Father,
Jesus addresses God as Father, emphasizing the intimate relationship within the Trinity. This term also reflects the Jewish understanding of God as a paternal figure, yet Jesus' use is uniquely personal and authoritative.

Lord of heaven and earth,
This title acknowledges God's sovereignty over all creation, echoing Old Testament themes found in Genesis and Psalms. It affirms God's ultimate authority and control over both the spiritual and physical realms.

because You have hidden these things from the wise and learned,
The "wise and learned" refers to those who rely on human wisdom and understanding, such as the Pharisees and scribes. This echoes Isaiah's prophecies about the blindness of those who are wise in their own eyes.

and revealed them to little children.
"Little children" symbolizes those with humility and openness to God's revelation, contrasting with the self-sufficiency of the learned. This theme is consistent with Jesus' teachings on the kingdom of God belonging to those who are like children.

Yes, Father, for this was well-pleasing in Your sight.
This phrase underscores God's pleasure in revealing His truths to the humble. It aligns with the biblical theme that God's ways are higher than human ways, as seen in Isaiah and the Beatitudes, where the meek and humble are blessed.

All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father.
This phrase emphasizes the authority and divine mission of Jesus Christ. The concept of being entrusted with "all things" indicates a transfer of authority and responsibility, reflecting the intimate relationship between Jesus and God the Father. This echoes the messianic prophecy in Psalm 2:7-8, where the Son is given the nations as His inheritance. It also aligns with Matthew 28:18, where Jesus declares that all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Him. The Father-Son relationship is central to understanding the Trinity, where distinct persons share one essence and purpose. This entrustment signifies Jesus' role in the divine plan of salvation and His authority over creation, judgment, and redemption.

No one knows who the Son is except the Father,
This phrase highlights the unique and exclusive knowledge between the Father and the Son, underscoring the mystery of the divine nature of Christ. The term "knows" implies an intimate, experiential understanding, not just intellectual awareness. This exclusivity points to the deep, eternal relationship within the Godhead, as seen in John 1:18, where the Son, who is in the closest relationship with the Father, has made Him known. It also reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah, who would have a unique relationship with God, as seen in Isaiah 9:6. This knowledge is not accessible through human wisdom but is revealed by divine revelation.

and no one knows who the Father is except the Son
This statement further emphasizes the reciprocal knowledge between the Father and the Son, indicating that true understanding of God the Father is only possible through the Son. This aligns with John 14:6, where Jesus states that no one comes to the Father except through Him. It underscores the role of Jesus as the mediator between God and humanity, fulfilling the role of the ultimate high priest as described in Hebrews 4:14-16. The Son's unique knowledge of the Father is a testament to His divine nature and mission to reveal God to the world.

and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him.”
This phrase introduces the concept of divine revelation and election, where the knowledge of God is granted by the sovereign choice of the Son. It highlights the grace and initiative of God in making Himself known to humanity. This is consistent with the theme of revelation throughout the New Testament, where understanding and faith are gifts from God, as seen in Ephesians 2:8-9. The idea of being chosen by the Son reflects the doctrine of election, where God, in His sovereignty, reveals Himself to those He calls. This revelation is not based on human merit but on God's gracious will, as seen in Romans 9:15-16.

Then Jesus turned to the disciples and said privately
This phrase indicates a moment of intimate communication between Jesus and His disciples. The context is significant as it follows the return of the seventy-two disciples who were sent out to preach and perform miracles. Jesus' choice to speak privately suggests the importance of the message and the special relationship He shares with His disciples. This private setting underscores the personal nature of Jesus' teaching and the privilege of being His close followers. It reflects the pattern of Jesus often revealing deeper truths to His disciples away from the crowds, as seen in other instances like Mark 4:34.

Blessed are the eyes that see what you see
The term "blessed" here conveys a sense of divine favor and happiness. Jesus is acknowledging the unique privilege the disciples have in witnessing His ministry and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. This statement connects to the broader biblical theme of revelation and fulfillment of prophecy. The disciples are witnessing the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah, such as those found in Isaiah 35:5-6, which speak of the coming of God's salvation with miraculous signs. The phrase also highlights the contrast between the disciples and the many prophets and kings who longed to see the Messiah's day but did not, as mentioned in the following verse, Luke 10:24. This moment is a fulfillment of God's promises and a pivotal point in salvation history, emphasizing the disciples' role as eyewitnesses to the life and work of Jesus Christ.

For I tell you
This phrase indicates a direct and authoritative statement from Jesus. It emphasizes the importance and truth of what He is about to say. In the Gospels, Jesus often uses this phrase to introduce significant teachings or revelations, underscoring His role as a divine teacher and prophet.

that many prophets and kings
Prophets and kings in the Old Testament were often seen as the primary recipients of God's revelations and leaders of His people. Prophets like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel received visions and messages about the coming Messiah. Kings, such as David and Solomon, were anointed leaders who longed for the fulfillment of God's promises. This phrase highlights the high status and spiritual insight of these figures, yet even they did not experience what Jesus' disciples were witnessing.

desired to see what you see
The prophets and kings had a deep longing to witness the fulfillment of the messianic prophecies. They anticipated the coming of the Messiah, who would bring salvation and establish God's kingdom. This desire reflects the hope and expectation that permeated Jewish thought and scripture, as seen in passages like Isaiah 9:6-7 and Micah 5:2.

but did not see it
Despite their longing and anticipation, these figures did not live to see the arrival of Jesus, the Messiah. This underscores the privilege of the disciples who were witnessing the fulfillment of centuries of prophecy. It also highlights the progressive revelation of God's plan, which unfolds over time and is fully realized in Christ.

and to hear what you hear
The teachings and words of Jesus were the culmination of God's revelation to humanity. The disciples were hearing the direct teachings of the Messiah, which included the mysteries of the Kingdom of God and the path to salvation. This hearing is not just physical but spiritual, as Jesus' words carried divine authority and truth.

but did not hear it.
The prophets and kings received glimpses and shadows of God's plan, but they did not hear the full revelation that Jesus provided. This emphasizes the unique and unprecedented nature of Jesus' ministry. It also serves as a reminder of the privilege and responsibility of those who hear and understand the Gospel message, as seen in passages like Hebrews 1:1-2, which speaks of God speaking through His Son in these last days.

One day an expert in the law stood up to test Him.
This phrase introduces a legal expert, likely a scribe or Pharisee, who is knowledgeable in Mosaic Law. The act of standing up signifies respect or a formal setting, possibly in a synagogue or public teaching area. Testing Jesus was a common practice among religious leaders to challenge His authority and teachings. This reflects the tension between Jesus and the Jewish authorities, who often sought to discredit Him.

“Teacher,” he asked,
Addressing Jesus as "Teacher" acknowledges His role as a rabbi or respected instructor. This title, while respectful, may also be used here with a hint of irony or insincerity, given the expert's intent to test Jesus. It highlights the common practice of addressing rabbis with honorific titles, even when questioning them.

“what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
The question reveals a focus on actions or deeds necessary for salvation, reflecting a common Jewish understanding of the law as a means to righteousness. The concept of "eternal life" is rooted in Jewish eschatology, which anticipates a future resurrection and life in the world to come. This question connects to other scriptural passages, such as the rich young ruler's inquiry in Matthew 19:16, emphasizing the universal human concern for salvation and the afterlife.

What is written in the Law?
In this phrase, Jesus refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which are foundational to Jewish religious life and law. The Law includes commandments and teachings given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. This question emphasizes the importance of Scripture as the ultimate authority. Jesus often pointed back to the Law to affirm its enduring relevance (Matthew 5:17-18). The Law was central to Jewish identity and practice, and Jesus uses it to engage with the expert in the law, highlighting the need for understanding and obedience.

Jesus replied.
This indicates Jesus' method of teaching through dialogue and questioning, a common rabbinic technique. By engaging directly with the questioner, Jesus encourages personal reflection and understanding. His response is not just about providing answers but guiding others to discover truth through Scripture. This approach is consistent with His teaching style throughout the Gospels, where He often uses questions to provoke thought and self-examination (e.g., Matthew 16:15).

How do you read it?
Here, Jesus challenges the expert in the law to interpret the Scriptures personally and thoughtfully. This question implies that understanding the Law requires more than rote knowledge; it demands insight and discernment. The phrase suggests that Scripture can be read in different ways, and Jesus is prompting the expert to consider the deeper meaning and application of the Law. This approach underscores the importance of not just knowing the text but also understanding its implications for life and faith. It aligns with the broader biblical theme of seeking wisdom and understanding (Proverbs 2:2-5).

He answered,
This phrase introduces the response of an expert in the law, who is engaging with Jesus. The context is a dialogue where Jesus is asked about inheriting eternal life. The expert's answer reflects a deep understanding of the Jewish law, which Jesus affirms.

‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart
This commandment is rooted in the Shema, found in Deuteronomy 6:5, a central declaration of faith in Judaism. The heart, in biblical terms, represents the core of one's being, encompassing emotions, desires, and will. This commandment emphasizes total devotion to God.

and with all your soul
The soul refers to the life force or the essence of a person. Loving God with all one's soul suggests a commitment that transcends mere physical existence, involving one's entire life and being.

and with all your strength
Strength implies physical capabilities and resources. This phrase calls for using one's physical abilities and resources in service to God, indicating that love for God should be active and tangible.

and with all your mind’
The mind represents intellect and understanding. This aspect of the commandment highlights the importance of engaging one's thoughts and reasoning in the pursuit of loving God, suggesting that faith is not blind but informed and thoughtful.

and ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’”
This commandment is derived from Leviticus 19:18 and is central to Jesus' teaching. It emphasizes the importance of selfless love and compassion towards others, reflecting God's love. This principle is foundational in Christian ethics and is echoed in Jesus' parable of the Good Samaritan, which follows this passage, illustrating the practical application of loving one's neighbor.

"You have answered correctly,"
In this passage, Jesus is responding to a lawyer who has recited the greatest commandments: to love God and love one's neighbor. The lawyer's answer reflects a deep understanding of the Law, as found in Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18. Jesus affirms the lawyer's knowledge, indicating that intellectual understanding of the Law is important. This moment highlights the Jewish tradition of valuing the Torah and the importance of knowing Scripture. It also underscores the role of Jesus as a teacher who acknowledges truth when it is spoken, even by those who might be testing Him.

"Jesus said."
The authority of Jesus is central here. As the Son of God, His words carry divine authority. In the Gospels, Jesus often uses direct speech to convey important truths, and His responses are always filled with wisdom and insight. This phrase also emphasizes the personal nature of Jesus' ministry; He engages directly with individuals, addressing their questions and concerns. This interaction is a model of how Jesus fulfills the role of the ultimate Rabbi, teaching with authority and compassion.

"Do this"
Jesus emphasizes action, not just knowledge. The call to "do" reflects the biblical principle that faith without works is dead, as later articulated in James 2:17. The command to "do this" points to the necessity of living out one's faith through love and obedience. This aligns with the teachings of the Old Testament prophets who called for justice, mercy, and humility (Micah 6:8). It also prefigures the New Testament emphasis on living a life that reflects the teachings of Christ, as seen in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7).

"and you will live."
This promise of life is both temporal and eternal. In the Jewish context, obedience to God's commandments was associated with blessings and life (Deuteronomy 30:19-20). Jesus' statement also points to eternal life, a theme that is central to His ministry (John 3:16). The concept of life here is holistic, encompassing spiritual vitality, moral integrity, and eternal salvation. It reflects the biblical narrative of life being found in relationship with God, as seen in the Garden of Eden and fulfilled in the new creation promised in Revelation.

But wanting to justify himself
The phrase indicates the lawyer's desire to appear righteous and knowledgeable in front of Jesus and the crowd. In the cultural context of first-century Judaism, maintaining one's honor and status was crucial. The lawyer's question follows Jesus' affirmation of the greatest commandments, which include loving one's neighbor. His attempt to justify himself suggests a self-righteous attitude, common among the Pharisees and experts in the law, who often sought to test Jesus (Luke 11:53-54). This reflects the human tendency to seek self-justification rather than relying on God's grace, a theme echoed in Romans 3:20, where Paul states that no one will be justified by the works of the law.

he asked Jesus
The act of questioning Jesus was a common practice among the religious leaders of the time, often used to challenge His authority or trap Him in His words (Matthew 22:15). This interaction is part of a larger narrative where Jesus is frequently confronted by those who are skeptical of His teachings. The lawyer's question is not merely for information but is a test of Jesus' interpretation of the law, which was a central concern for the Jewish leaders. Jesus often used such questions as opportunities to teach deeper spiritual truths, as seen in His parables and responses throughout the Gospels.

“And who is my neighbor?”
This question reflects a common debate among Jewish scholars of the time regarding the scope of the commandment to love one's neighbor (Leviticus 19:18). Many Jews interpreted "neighbor" to mean fellow Israelites or those within their religious community. By asking this, the lawyer seeks to limit the scope of his obligation, a tendency to define moral duties in minimal terms. Jesus' response, the Parable of the Good Samaritan, expands the definition of "neighbor" to include all people, regardless of race or religion, challenging the prevailing cultural and religious boundaries. This teaching aligns with the broader biblical theme of God's love and mercy extending to all humanity, as seen in passages like Isaiah 56:7 and Galatians 3:28.

Jesus took up this question and said
This phrase introduces Jesus' response to a question posed by a lawyer about who qualifies as a neighbor. Jesus often used parables to teach profound truths, and this method allowed Him to convey complex spiritual lessons in relatable terms. The use of parables was a common teaching technique in Jewish culture, allowing listeners to engage with the story and derive personal insights.

A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho
The journey from Jerusalem to Jericho was a descent of about 17 miles through rugged and treacherous terrain, known for its danger due to the presence of robbers. Jerusalem, situated on a hill, was a place of spiritual significance, while Jericho was a city of commerce. This path was notorious for its peril, making it a fitting setting for a story about vulnerability and compassion.

when he fell into the hands of robbers
Robbery was a common threat on this road, as the isolated and rocky landscape provided ample hiding places for bandits. The mention of robbers highlights the ever-present danger and the reality of evil in the world. This scenario sets the stage for the themes of mercy and neighborly love that Jesus will explore in the parable.

They stripped him, beat him, and went away
The robbers' actions were brutal and dehumanizing, leaving the man vulnerable and exposed. Stripping him of his clothes not only took away his possessions but also his dignity. This act of violence underscores the severity of the man's plight and the urgent need for compassion and assistance from others.

leaving him half dead
The phrase "half dead" indicates the man's critical condition, emphasizing his helplessness and the urgency of his need for aid. This state of being "half dead" can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual death, highlighting the need for salvation and the role of Christ as the ultimate healer and savior. The man's condition invites the listener to consider who will act as a true neighbor and show mercy.

Now by chance a priest was going down the same road
The mention of a priest highlights the religious and social hierarchy of first-century Judea. Priests were descendants of Aaron and held significant religious authority, responsible for temple sacrifices and rituals. The road referred to is likely the road from Jerusalem to Jericho, a well-traveled and dangerous route known for its steep descent and frequent robberies. The phrase "by chance" suggests a divine orchestration, emphasizing the unexpected nature of the encounter. This setting underscores the priest's role as a religious leader who would be expected to show compassion and adherence to the Law, which commands love for one's neighbor (Leviticus 19:18).

but when he saw him
The priest's ability to see the injured man indicates awareness and opportunity to act. In biblical terms, seeing often implies understanding and responsibility (Exodus 3:7). The priest's sight of the man in need contrasts with his subsequent inaction, highlighting a failure to translate religious duty into compassionate action. This moment of seeing is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the moral and ethical implications of the parable.

he passed by on the other side
The priest's decision to pass by on the other side reflects a deliberate choice to avoid involvement. This action may have been influenced by concerns over ritual purity, as contact with a potentially dead body would render him ceremonially unclean (Numbers 19:11-13). However, this avoidance reveals a prioritization of ritual over mercy, which Jesus critiques throughout His ministry (Matthew 23:23). The priest's behavior serves as a critique of religious formalism that neglects the weightier matters of the law, such as justice and mercy. This phrase challenges the reader to consider the true nature of neighborly love and the call to act with compassion, regardless of personal cost or inconvenience.

So too, when a Levite came to that spot
The Levites were members of the tribe of Levi, set apart for religious duties in Israel. They assisted the priests in the temple and were responsible for maintaining the sanctuary and teaching the law. This context highlights the expectation of religious leaders to act with compassion and mercy. The Levite's presence in the parable emphasizes the religious and social hierarchy of the time, where Levites were respected for their roles in worship and service. The phrase "came to that spot" suggests a deliberate approach, indicating that the Levite had the opportunity to assess the situation closely.

and saw him
The Levite's act of seeing the injured man is significant. In biblical terms, seeing often implies understanding and acknowledgment. This mirrors the call in Scripture to be aware of the needs around us, as seen in passages like James 2:15-16, which speaks against ignoring a brother or sister in need. The Levite's awareness of the man's condition contrasts with his subsequent actions, highlighting a disconnect between knowledge and compassion.

he passed by on the other side
This action of passing by on the other side indicates a deliberate avoidance. In the cultural context, touching a potentially dead body would render a Levite ceremonially unclean, which might explain his reluctance. However, the moral of the parable challenges such legalistic concerns, emphasizing mercy over ritual purity. This behavior is contrasted with the actions of the Good Samaritan later in the parable, who exemplifies true neighborly love. The Levite's choice reflects a broader theme in Scripture where religious duty is often critiqued when it lacks compassion, as seen in Hosea 6:6, where God desires mercy, not sacrifice.

But a Samaritan on a journey
The mention of a Samaritan is significant due to the historical animosity between Jews and Samaritans. Samaritans were descendants of Israelites who had intermarried with foreigners after the Assyrian conquest, leading to religious and ethnic tensions. This context highlights the radical nature of the Samaritan's actions, as Jews typically avoided interactions with Samaritans (John 4:9). The phrase "on a journey" suggests that the Samaritan was not in his own territory, emphasizing his willingness to help despite potential risks or inconvenience.

came upon him
The Samaritan's encounter with the injured man was not planned, indicating a divine appointment. This reflects the biblical theme of God's providence and the call to love one's neighbor regardless of circumstances. The Samaritan's willingness to stop contrasts with the priest and Levite who passed by earlier (Luke 10:31-32), illustrating the call to active compassion.

and when he saw him
The act of seeing is crucial in biblical narratives, often leading to a response. In this context, it signifies awareness and acknowledgment of the man's plight. This mirrors God's attentiveness to human suffering (Exodus 3:7) and calls believers to be observant and responsive to the needs around them.

he had compassion
Compassion is a central theme in the teachings of Jesus, reflecting God's own nature (Psalm 103:13). The Greek word used here, "splagchnizomai," implies a deep, visceral empathy. This compassion is not merely emotional but leads to action, embodying the love described in 1 John 3:18. The Samaritan's response prefigures Christ's own ministry, where He often acted out of compassion (Matthew 9:36). This phrase challenges believers to transcend cultural and social barriers in demonstrating Christ-like love.

He went to him
This phrase highlights the Samaritan's initiative and compassion. In the cultural context of Jesus' time, Jews and Samaritans had deep-seated animosity, yet the Samaritan crosses these boundaries to help a wounded man. This act reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor, as seen in Leviticus 19:18 and exemplified by Jesus in His ministry.

and bandaged his wounds
The act of bandaging wounds indicates immediate and practical care. In ancient times, travelers often faced dangers such as robbers, making this a relatable scenario for Jesus' audience. The Samaritan's actions prefigure Christ's healing ministry, as seen in passages like Matthew 9:35, where Jesus heals every disease and affliction.

pouring on oil and wine
Oil and wine were common first-century remedies for wounds. Oil would soothe and wine, with its antiseptic properties, would cleanse. This reflects the use of natural resources for healing, akin to the anointing with oil in James 5:14. Symbolically, oil often represents the Holy Spirit, and wine can symbolize the blood of Christ, pointing to spiritual healing.

Then he put him on his own animal
By placing the wounded man on his own animal, the Samaritan sacrifices his comfort for the sake of another. This selflessness is a type of Christ, who bore our burdens (Isaiah 53:4). The act of carrying another's burden is echoed in Galatians 6:2, where believers are called to fulfill the law of Christ through love.

brought him to an inn
Inns during this period were basic and often unsafe, yet the Samaritan ensures the man's continued care by taking him to a place of refuge. This action parallels the church's role as a sanctuary for the weary and wounded, offering rest and healing through community and the Word of God.

and took care of him
The Samaritan's ongoing care demonstrates commitment and compassion, going beyond a one-time act of kindness. This mirrors the continuous care and intercession of Christ for believers, as seen in Hebrews 7:25, where Jesus is described as always living to intercede for us. The Samaritan's actions serve as a model for Christian discipleship, emphasizing mercy and love in action.

The next day
This phrase indicates a continuation of the Good Samaritan's actions, showing his commitment and responsibility. It suggests that the Samaritan stayed with the injured man overnight, ensuring his immediate needs were met before leaving. This reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor with patience and dedication, as seen in 1 Corinthians 13:4-7.

he took out two denarii
A denarius was a day's wage for a laborer in the Roman Empire, as noted in Matthew 20:2. By giving two denarii, the Samaritan provided for the man's care for at least two days, demonstrating significant generosity. This act of giving is reminiscent of the sacrificial love that Jesus exemplifies, as seen in John 15:13.

and gave them to the innkeeper
The innkeeper plays a crucial role in the continuation of the Samaritan's care. Inns during this time were basic and often unsafe, but the Samaritan entrusts the innkeeper with the man's care, showing trust and collaboration. This reflects the communal aspect of caring for others, as encouraged in Galatians 6:2.

‘Take care of him,’ he said
This command emphasizes the Samaritan's concern for the man's well-being beyond immediate aid. It highlights the importance of ongoing care and responsibility for others, aligning with the biblical call to love and serve one another, as seen in Philippians 2:4.

‘and on my return I will repay you for any additional expense.’
The promise to return and cover any extra costs underscores the Samaritan's commitment and integrity. It reflects the biblical principle of going the extra mile, as taught by Jesus in Matthew 5:41. This assurance also mirrors the faithfulness of Christ, who promises to return and fulfill His word, as seen in John 14:3.

Which of these three
This phrase refers to the three individuals previously mentioned in the parable: the priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan. In the cultural and religious context of first-century Judea, priests and Levites were respected religious figures, while Samaritans were often despised by Jews due to historical and theological differences. The question challenges the listener to reconsider preconceived notions of righteousness and neighborliness.

do you think
This phrase invites personal reflection and judgment. It emphasizes the importance of individual discernment and moral reasoning. The question is posed to the expert in the law, encouraging him to engage with the parable on a deeper level and to apply its lessons to his own understanding of the law.

was a neighbor
The concept of "neighbor" is central to the parable and to Jesus' teaching. In Jewish law, a neighbor was traditionally understood as a fellow Israelite. However, Jesus expands this definition to include anyone in need, regardless of ethnic or religious boundaries. This redefinition aligns with the broader biblical theme of love and compassion for all people, as seen in passages like Leviticus 19:18 and Matthew 5:43-44.

to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?”
This phrase describes the victim of the parable, who was attacked while traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho, a route known for its danger due to rough terrain and frequent robberies. The man's plight highlights the vulnerability and need for compassion in a world marked by sin and violence. The parable underscores the call to act mercifully, as seen in other scriptural teachings such as Micah 6:8 and James 2:13.

The one who showed him mercy,
This phrase refers to the Samaritan in the parable of the Good Samaritan. In the cultural context of Jesus' time, Jews and Samaritans had deep-seated animosity towards each other, making the Samaritan's act of mercy even more significant. The Samaritan's actions exemplify the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor, transcending ethnic and religious boundaries. This act of mercy aligns with the teachings found in Micah 6:8, which emphasizes doing justice, loving kindness, and walking humbly with God.

replied the expert in the law.
The expert in the law, or lawyer, was a scholar of the Mosaic Law. His initial question to Jesus was about inheriting eternal life, which led to the parable. His response here indicates a reluctant acknowledgment of the Samaritan's righteousness, despite his own cultural prejudices. This interaction highlights the tension between legalistic interpretations of the law and the deeper, heart-centered obedience that Jesus advocated.

Then Jesus told him,
Jesus often used parables to teach profound truths in a way that challenged listeners to think deeply. His response here is direct and serves as a command, emphasizing the practical application of the parable's lesson. Jesus' teaching method here is consistent with His approach throughout the Gospels, where He often concludes parables with a call to action or reflection.

“Go and do likewise.”
This command from Jesus is a call to action, urging the expert in the law—and by extension, all believers—to emulate the Samaritan's example of mercy and compassion. It underscores the importance of active love and service to others, as seen in James 2:14-17, which speaks about faith being dead without works. This directive also reflects the essence of Jesus' ministry, which was characterized by acts of compassion and service, fulfilling the law through love as stated in Romans 13:10.

As they traveled along
This phrase indicates the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry. Jesus and His disciples were often on the move, spreading the message of the Kingdom of God. This journeying reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah bringing light to the nations (Isaiah 9:1-2). It also highlights the urgency and dedication of Jesus' mission.

Jesus entered a village
The village is identified in other Gospel accounts as Bethany, located near Jerusalem. Bethany was a small village on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives. This location is significant as it was a place Jesus frequently visited, especially during the final week of His life. The village setting emphasizes the humble and accessible nature of Jesus' ministry, reaching out to ordinary people in their everyday environments.

where a woman named Martha
Martha is introduced here as a key figure in this narrative. She is the sister of Mary and Lazarus, who are also significant figures in the Gospels. Martha's role in this story highlights the active participation of women in Jesus' ministry, which was counter-cultural in a time when women were often marginalized. Her name, meaning "lady" or "mistress," suggests her role as the head of the household.

welcomed Him into her home
Martha's act of welcoming Jesus into her home is an expression of hospitality, a highly valued virtue in Jewish culture. Hospitality was not only a social expectation but also a religious duty, as seen in the stories of Abraham (Genesis 18) and Lot (Genesis 19). This act of welcoming Jesus signifies acceptance and recognition of His authority and message. It also sets the stage for the subsequent interaction between Jesus, Martha, and Mary, highlighting themes of service, devotion, and the prioritization of spiritual over worldly concerns.

She had a sister named Mary
Mary is a common name in the New Testament, often associated with devotion and discipleship. In this context, Mary is the sister of Martha and Lazarus, who lived in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem. This Mary is distinct from other Marys in the Bible, such as Mary Magdalene or Mary, the mother of Jesus. The family is known for their close relationship with Jesus, as seen in other passages like John 11, where Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. The mention of Mary here sets the stage for a contrast between her contemplative nature and Martha's active service.

who sat at the Lord’s feet
Sitting at someone's feet was a traditional posture of a disciple learning from a teacher. This indicates Mary's role as a devoted follower of Jesus, eager to learn from Him. In Jewish culture, disciples would sit at the feet of rabbis to receive instruction, signifying humility and a desire for wisdom. This act of sitting at Jesus' feet also symbolizes submission and reverence, acknowledging His authority and wisdom. It reflects the importance of prioritizing spiritual learning and relationship with Christ over other concerns.

listening to His message
Mary's focus on listening highlights the importance of receiving and understanding Jesus' teachings. In the Gospels, Jesus often emphasizes the value of hearing and obeying His words, as seen in passages like Matthew 7:24-27, where He compares those who hear His words and act on them to a wise builder. The message of Jesus encompasses His teachings about the Kingdom of God, love, forgiveness, and salvation. Mary's attentiveness contrasts with Martha's distraction, underscoring the theme of choosing the "better part" by prioritizing spiritual nourishment. This moment foreshadows the New Covenant, where believers are called to be attentive to the voice of Christ, the ultimate Teacher and Prophet.

But Martha was distracted by all the preparations to be made.
Martha's distraction highlights the cultural importance of hospitality in first-century Jewish society, where hosting guests was a significant duty, especially for women. The Greek word for "distracted" suggests being pulled in different directions, indicating Martha's internal struggle. This scene takes place in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which was a common stop for Jesus. The preparations likely involved food and accommodations, reflecting the customs of the time. Martha's focus on service, while commendable, contrasts with the spiritual focus Jesus often emphasized, as seen in passages like Matthew 6:33, where seeking God's kingdom is prioritized.

She came to Jesus and said,
Martha's approach to Jesus shows her familiarity and comfort with Him, indicating a close relationship. This interaction occurs in a domestic setting, which was a common place for Jesus to teach and interact with His followers. Her directness reflects the openness and honesty encouraged in prayer and communication with God, as seen in Hebrews 4:16, where believers are invited to approach the throne of grace with confidence.

“Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to serve alone?
Martha's question reveals her frustration and sense of injustice, a common human experience. Her use of "Lord" acknowledges Jesus' authority, yet her question implies doubt about His concern for her situation. This reflects a tension between earthly concerns and spiritual priorities, similar to the worries addressed in Philippians 4:6-7, where believers are encouraged to present their requests to God with thanksgiving. Martha's focus on her sister Mary highlights the familial dynamics and expectations of shared responsibilities in that culture.

Tell her to help me!”
Martha's request for Jesus to intervene underscores her belief in His authority to resolve disputes. It also reflects a desire for fairness and assistance, common themes in human relationships. This plea can be seen as a type of intercession, where one seeks divine intervention in personal matters, akin to the intercessory role of Christ described in Romans 8:34. Martha's focus on service, while important, is gently corrected by Jesus in the following verses, emphasizing the need to prioritize spiritual nourishment over worldly concerns.

“Martha, Martha,”
The repetition of Martha's name indicates a personal and compassionate address. In biblical times, repeating a name was a way to express deep emotion or concern. This mirrors other instances in Scripture, such as when God calls "Moses, Moses" (Exodus 3:4) or "Saul, Saul" (Acts 9:4), indicating a significant moment of divine interaction. Jesus' use of her name twice underscores His personal relationship with her and His understanding of her situation.

the Lord replied,
The title "Lord" signifies Jesus' authority and divinity. In the context of the Gospels, Jesus is often referred to as "Lord," highlighting His role as the Messiah and the Son of God. This response comes after Martha's complaint about her sister Mary, showing Jesus' awareness and involvement in the personal lives of His followers. It also reflects His role as a teacher and guide, providing wisdom and correction.

“you are worried and upset
The words "worried" and "upset" reflect Martha's emotional state, which is characterized by anxiety and distraction. In the cultural context of the time, hospitality was a significant duty, especially when hosting a respected teacher like Jesus. Martha's concern for serving well is understandable, yet it leads to stress and distraction from what is spiritually important. This phrase connects to Jesus' teachings on anxiety, such as in Matthew 6:25-34, where He encourages trust in God's provision.

about many things.
This phrase highlights the multitude of concerns that can distract from spiritual focus. In the broader biblical narrative, it serves as a reminder of the importance of prioritizing spiritual over worldly concerns. The "many things" can symbolize the various distractions and responsibilities that can lead believers away from focusing on their relationship with God. This is a call to simplify and focus on what truly matters, as seen in Jesus' teaching about seeking first the kingdom of God (Matthew 6:33).

But only one thing is necessary.
This phrase emphasizes the importance of prioritizing spiritual matters over worldly concerns. In the context of the story, Jesus is speaking to Martha, who is distracted by her many tasks. The "one thing" refers to the necessity of focusing on Jesus and His teachings. This echoes Psalm 27:4, where David expresses a desire to dwell in the house of the Lord and seek Him. The cultural context of the time placed a high value on hospitality, but Jesus redirects the focus to spiritual nourishment.

Mary has chosen the good portion,
Mary's choice to sit at Jesus' feet and listen to His words is described as the "good portion." This phrase can be connected to the Old Testament, where the "portion" often refers to one's inheritance or share, as seen in Psalm 16:5. In choosing to listen to Jesus, Mary is selecting an eternal inheritance over temporary concerns. This choice reflects the wisdom found in Proverbs 8:10-11, where wisdom is valued above silver and gold.

and it will not be taken away from her.”
This assurance from Jesus highlights the permanence of spiritual blessings. Unlike material possessions, which can be lost or taken away, the spiritual insight and relationship with Christ that Mary gains are eternal. This promise aligns with the teachings in John 10:28, where Jesus speaks of giving eternal life to His followers, and no one can snatch them away. It underscores the security and lasting nature of choosing to follow Christ and His teachings.