Bread: The Principal Food Used by the Ancients
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Topical Encyclopedia
Bread holds a significant place in the biblical narrative and the daily life of ancient peoples, serving as a staple food and a powerful symbol throughout Scripture. In the Bible, bread is often synonymous with sustenance and life itself, reflecting its central role in the diet and culture of the ancient Near East.

Cultural and Historical Context

In ancient times, bread was the primary food source for many civilizations, including the Israelites. It was made from various grains, primarily wheat and barley, which were cultivated extensively in the region. The process of making bread involved grinding the grain into flour, mixing it with water, and baking it, often in communal ovens. Bread was consumed in various forms, from unleavened flatbreads to leavened loaves, and was a daily necessity for survival.

Biblical Significance

Bread is mentioned frequently throughout the Bible, symbolizing God's provision and care for His people. In the Old Testament, bread is a recurring element in God's covenant with Israel. For instance, during the Exodus, God provided manna, described as "bread from heaven," to sustain the Israelites in the wilderness (Exodus 16:4). This miraculous provision underscored God's faithfulness and care.

The significance of bread is further highlighted in the rituals and offerings of the Old Testament. The showbread, or "bread of the Presence," was placed in the Tabernacle as a perpetual offering before the Lord (Leviticus 24:5-9). This bread symbolized God's eternal covenant with Israel and His continual presence among His people.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, bread takes on additional layers of meaning, particularly in the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Jesus refers to Himself as the "bread of life," emphasizing that He is the spiritual sustenance necessary for eternal life (John 6:35). This declaration connects the physical nourishment provided by bread with the spiritual nourishment offered through faith in Christ.

The Last Supper, a pivotal event in the New Testament, further elevates the symbolism of bread. During this meal, Jesus broke bread with His disciples, instituting the practice of Communion. He said, "This is My body, given for you; do this in remembrance of Me" (Luke 22:19). Here, bread becomes a profound symbol of Christ's sacrifice and the new covenant between God and humanity.

Bread in Daily Life and Worship

Bread's role in daily life and worship is evident in its frequent mention in biblical narratives and teachings. It was a common element in meals, hospitality, and religious feasts. The Lord's Prayer, taught by Jesus, includes the petition, "Give us this day our daily bread" (Matthew 6:11), highlighting the dependence on God for daily provision.

In the early Christian community, the breaking of bread was a central act of fellowship and worship, as seen in Acts 2:42 : "They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer." This practice underscored the unity and shared life of believers.

Symbolism and Spiritual Lessons

Throughout Scripture, bread serves as a powerful symbol of God's provision, presence, and the sustenance found in a relationship with Him. It teaches believers about reliance on God for both physical and spiritual needs. The consistent imagery of bread in the Bible invites reflection on the deeper spiritual truths it represents, encouraging a life of faith and dependence on God's grace.
Torrey's Topical Textbook
Genesis 18:5
And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort you your hearts; after that you shall pass on: for therefore are you come to your servant. And they said, So do, as you have said.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Genesis 21:14
And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Genesis 27:17
And she gave the savoury meat and the bread, which she had prepared, into the hand of her son Jacob.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Judges 19:5
And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel's father said to his son in law, Comfort your heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward go your way.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

Of the Discipline of the Church, and Its Principal Use in Censures ...
... it with greater strictness and severity as one of the principal duties, and ... Nor did
they differ less in the kind of food: some used only bread and water ...
/.../the institutes of the christian religion/chapter 12 of the discipline.htm

The Nile and Egypt
... to numbers, discovered that there were seven principal branches, and ... OF SETI I. AT
ABYDOS BRINGING FOOD TO EVERY ... earth-god, is enamoured of bread,"Napri, the ...
/.../chapter i the nile and egypt.htm

A Christmas Question
... This morning, however, the principal object of my discourse ... brothers and sisters
have we the bread which endureth to ... a robe, and another some delicacy for food. ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 6 1860/a christmas question.htm

Of the Sacraments.
... This chapter consists of two principal parts,"I. Of sacraments in ... warmth to the world,
and yet bread, sun, and ... We also this day receive visible food; but the ...
/.../the institutes of the christian religion/chapter 14 of the sacraments.htm

Concerning the Communion, or Participation of the Body and Blood ...
... made partakers of the spiritual food and water ... Sacramentum; venerabile altaris
Sacramentum; the principal seal of ... use of water-baptism [1218] and bread and wine ...
/.../proposition xiii concerning the communion.htm

Of Vows. The Miserable Entanglements Caused by Vowing Rashly.
... on the ground, their drink was water, their food bread, herbs, and ... of dress, in the
kind of food, or in ... Our monks place the principal part of their holiness in ...
/.../calvin/the institutes of the christian religion/chapter 13 of vows the.htm

Of the Lord's Supper, and the Benefits Conferred by It.
... 4. Therefore, it is not the principal part of a sacrament ... us in respect of place,
should be food to us ... into body, not that properly instead of bread it becomes ...
/.../calvin/the institutes of the christian religion/chapter 17 of the lords.htm

The Second Helvetic Confession, AD 1566.
... Bullinger was one of the principal authors of the ... action, and its repetition in breaking
bread, and distributing ... we should abstain from all such food or drink ...
/.../ 55 the second helvetic.htm

Homilies on the Statues.
... Bread, consecrated, reservation of for sick, [669]384, n ... Hunger, gives relish to
food, [1327]351 ... Meal, [1536]399, n.; principal among the Romans was supper, [1537 ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/chrysostom/on the priesthood/homilies on the statues.htm

A Discourse of Mercifulness
... Every bit of bread you eat, the hand of mercy ... the trees of the sanctuary both for
food and medicine ... The interest comes to infinitely more than the principal. ...
/.../15 a discourse of mercifulness.htm

Resources
What is the meaning of “Cast your bread upon the waters” in Ecclesiastes 11:1? | GotQuestions.org

What is the significance of unleavened bread? | GotQuestions.org

What does it mean to pray for our daily bread? | GotQuestions.org

Bread: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible ConcordanceBible DictionaryBible EncyclopediaTopical BibleBible Thesuarus
Subtopics

Bread

Bread by Idolaters

Bread in Times of Scarcity, Sold by Weight

Bread of Christ

Bread was Baked in Ovens

Bread was Baked: On Coals of Fire

Bread was Baked: On Hearths

Bread was Formed Into: Cakes

Bread was Formed Into: Loaves

Bread was Formed Into: Wafers

Bread was Kneaded

Bread with Water, the Food of Prisons

Bread: (Eating Without Scarceness) of Plenty

Bread: (Fulness of) of Abundance

Bread: (Of Adversity) Heavy Affliction

Bread: (Of Deceit) Unlawful Gain

Bread: (Of Idleness) Sloth

Bread: (Of Tears) Sorrow

Bread: (Of Wickedness) Oppression

Bread: (Partaking of) Communion of Saints

Bread: (Seeking of Begging) Extreme Poverty

Bread: (Want of) Extreme Poverty

Bread: (When Broken) the Death of Christ

Bread: Barley

Bread: Broken for Use

Bread: Called the Staff of Life

Bread: Christ

Bread: Corn Ground for Making

Bread: Crumb of, Used to Wipe the Fingers, Thrown Under the Table

Bread: Figurative

Bread: First Fruit of, offered to God

Bread: Given by God

Bread: How Prepared in Pans

Bread: How Prepared: Baked in Ovens

Bread: How Prepared: Cakes

Bread: How Prepared: Cracknels

Bread: How Prepared: Honey

Bread: How Prepared: Kneaded

Bread: How Prepared: Made Into Loaves

Bread: How Prepared: Mixed With Oil

Bread: How Prepared: On Coals

Bread: How Prepared: On Coals of Dung

Bread: How Prepared: On Hearths

Bread: How Prepared: Wafers

Bread: Kept in Baskets

Bread: Kinds of Bread of Affliction

Bread: Kinds of Leavened (Made With Yeast)

Bread: Kinds of Unleavened (Made Without Yeast)

Bread: Made by Men

Bread: Made by Women

Bread: Made of Barley

Bread: Made of Beans, Millet

Bread: Made of Manna (In the Wilderness)

Bread: Made of Wheat

Bread: Made of Wheat Flour

Bread: Making of, a Trade

Bread: Manna

Bread: Meal

Bread: Multitudes Miraculously Fed by Christ With

Bread: Nutritious and Strengthening

Bread: Offered With Sacrifices

Bread: Often Given As a Present

Bread: Often Put for the Whole Substance of Man

Bread: Ordinary, Called Common Bread

Bread: Placed on Table of Shew Bread

Bread: Plenty of, Promised to the Obedient

Bread: Publicly Sold

Bread: Sacred, Called Hallowed Bread

Bread: Sacrificed

Bread: Scarceness of, Sent As a Punishment

Bread: Served Round After Funerals

Bread: Sometimes Unleavened

Bread: Symbolical of the Body of Christ

Bread: The Principal Food Used by the Ancients

Bread: Traffic In

Bread: Troughs Used for Kneading

Bread: Usually Leavened

Bread: when Old, Dry and Mouldy

Bread: Yielded by the Earth

Tibbath

Related Terms

Show-bread (15 Occurrences)

Bread-maker (8 Occurrences)

Bread-makers (2 Occurrences)

Bread-basin (2 Occurrences)

Bread-meal (1 Occurrence)

Bread-paste (1 Occurrence)

Bread-basins (1 Occurrence)

Bread-corn (1 Occurrence)

Bread-making (1 Occurrence)

Barley-bread (1 Occurrence)

Bread-yeast (1 Occurrence)

Shew-bread (1 Occurrence)

Bake (13 Occurrences)

Cake (25 Occurrences)

Yeast (48 Occurrences)

Baked (26 Occurrences)

Camest (27 Occurrences)

Showbread (18 Occurrences)

Cakes (65 Occurrences)

Shewbread (16 Occurrences)

Agape

Cooking (14 Occurrences)

Crust (3 Occurrences)

Arrangement (18 Occurrences)

Supply (40 Occurrences)

Supplied (22 Occurrences)

Basket (40 Occurrences)

Broke (153 Occurrences)

Containing (12 Occurrences)

Clusters (12 Occurrences)

Crumb

Abib (5 Occurrences)

Satiety (12 Occurrences)

Anxiety (24 Occurrences)

Cooked (35 Occurrences)

Buy (71 Occurrences)

Parched (37 Occurrences)

Satisfy (32 Occurrences)

Breaking (69 Occurrences)

Bit (46 Occurrences)

Blessing (357 Occurrences)

Broken (559 Occurrences)

Barley (35 Occurrences)

Succoth (18 Occurrences)

Zalmun'na (8 Occurrences)

Ate (138 Occurrences)

Bunches (7 Occurrences)

Basins (33 Occurrences)

Beans (2 Occurrences)

Baking (4 Occurrences)

Bakers (6 Occurrences)

Beggar (5 Occurrences)

Celebrated (24 Occurrences)

Crumbs (8 Occurrences)

Continuing (24 Occurrences)

Companions (58 Occurrences)

Customary (8 Occurrences)

Appalment (10 Occurrences)

Amounts (12 Occurrences)

Summer (28 Occurrences)

Shew-loaves (1 Occurrence)

Sustained (20 Occurrences)

Sop (3 Occurrences)

Scant (4 Occurrences)

Alway (26 Occurrences)

Asses (68 Occurrences)

Consecrated (101 Occurrences)

Supplies (23 Occurrences)

Zalmunna (9 Occurrences)

Spent (76 Occurrences)

Yourselves (530 Occurrences)

Ziba (13 Occurrences)

Satisfied (110 Occurrences)

Zebah (9 Occurrences)

Yea (867 Occurrences)

Aught (52 Occurrences)

Alone (232 Occurrences)

Supper (17 Occurrences)

Vowed (34 Occurrences)

Bread: Symbolical of the Body of Christ
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