Topical Bible: the Domestic Donkey: Often Fed on Vine-Leaves

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Topical Encyclopedia

The domestic donkey, a humble yet significant animal in biblical times, is frequently mentioned throughout the Scriptures. Known for its endurance, strength, and service to humanity, the donkey played a vital role in the agrarian society of ancient Israel. Its presence in the Bible is both literal and symbolic, often representing humility, peace, and service.

Biblical References and Symbolism

The donkey is first introduced in the Bible in Genesis, where it is listed among the animals that Abram acquired in Egypt (Genesis 12:16). This early mention underscores the donkey's value as a domesticated animal used for transportation and labor. The donkey's role as a beast of burden is further highlighted in the account of Balaam, where God opens the mouth of Balaam's donkey to deliver a divine message (Numbers 22:21-33).

In the New Testament, the donkey gains profound symbolic significance during Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Jesus rides on a donkey, fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah: "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; He is righteous and having salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey" (Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 21:5). This act symbolizes Jesus' peaceful mission and contrasts with the war horses of earthly kings.

Diet and Care

In biblical times, the diet of a domestic donkey would have included various types of fodder, among which vine-leaves were a common supplement. The agricultural landscape of ancient Israel, with its vineyards and olive groves, provided an abundance of vine-leaves, which were often used to feed livestock. This practice is alluded to in the parable of the vineyard, where the care of the vineyard and its produce is a central theme (Isaiah 5:1-7).

The donkey's diet reflects its role in the economy and daily life of the Israelites. As a creature that could subsist on simple and readily available food sources, the donkey was an economical choice for farmers and travelers alike. Its ability to thrive on vine-leaves and other agricultural by-products made it an indispensable asset in a land where resources could be scarce.

Cultural and Religious Context

The donkey's presence in biblical narratives often carries deeper cultural and religious meanings. In the account of the Good Samaritan, the Samaritan uses his own donkey to transport the injured man to safety, demonstrating compassion and mercy (Luke 10:34). This act of kindness underscores the donkey's role as a facilitator of human virtue and divine teaching.

Moreover, the donkey is associated with the patriarchs and prophets, serving as a symbol of their journeys and divine missions. For instance, Abraham saddles his donkey when he sets out to sacrifice Isaac, highlighting the donkey's role in pivotal moments of faith and obedience (Genesis 22:3).

In summary, the domestic donkey, often fed on vine-leaves, is a multifaceted symbol in the Bible. Its practical role in ancient society, combined with its rich symbolic associations, makes it a significant figure in the biblical narrative. Through its humble service, the donkey reflects themes of humility, peace, and divine purpose, resonating with the spiritual teachings of the Scriptures.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Genesis 49:11
Binding his foal to the vine, and his ass's colt to the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes:
Torrey's Topical Textbook