Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version I asked the angel who was speaking to me, “What are these?” He answered me, “These are the horns that scattered Judah, Israel and Jerusalem.” New Living Translation “What are these?” I asked the angel who was talking with me. He replied, “These horns represent the nations that scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” English Standard Version And I said to the angel who talked with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Berean Standard Bible So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Berean Literal Bible And I said to the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” King James Bible And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What be these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. New King James Version And I said to the angel who talked with me, “What are these?” So he answered me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” New American Standard Bible So I said to the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” NASB 1995 So I said to the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he answered me, “These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel and Jerusalem.” NASB 1977 So I said to the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he answered me, “These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Legacy Standard Bible So I said to the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Amplified Bible So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he answered me, “These are the horns [the powerful Gentile nations] that have scattered Judah (the Southern Kingdom), Israel (the Northern Kingdom), and Jerusalem (capital city of Judah).” Berean Annotated Bible So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these? And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah (praised), Israel (he wrestles with God), and Jerusalem (city of peace). Christian Standard Bible So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these? ” And he said to me, “These are the horns that scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Holman Christian Standard Bible So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” American Standard Version And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What are these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. English Revised Version And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What be these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. GOD'S WORD® Translation So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, "What do these horns mean?" He said to me, "These are the horns [of the nations] that scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." Good News Translation I asked the angel that had been speaking to me, "What do these horns mean?" He answered, "They stand for the world powers that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." International Standard Version I asked the angel who was talking to me, "What are those?" So he answered me, "Those are the forces that have dispersed Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." NET Bible So I asked the angelic messenger who spoke with me, "What are these?" He replied, "These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." New Heart English Bible I asked the angel who talked with me, "What are these?" He answered me, "These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." Webster's Bible Translation And I said to the angel that talked with me, What are these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleSo I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” World English Bible I asked the angel who talked with me, “What are these?” He answered me, “These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionAnd I say to the messenger who is speaking with me, “What [are] these?” And he says to me, “These [are] the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Berean Literal Bible And I said to the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Young's Literal Translation And I say unto the messenger who is speaking with me, 'What are these?' And he saith unto me, 'These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.' Smith's Literal Translation And saying to the messenger speaking with me, What these? And he will say to me, These the horns which scattered Judah, and Israel, and Jerusalem. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleAnd I said to the angel that spoke to me: What are these? And he said to me: These are the horns that have scattered Juda, and Israel, and Jerusalem. Catholic Public Domain Version And I said to the angel, who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that have winnowed Judah and Israel and Jerusalem.” New American Bible Then I asked the angel who spoke with me, “What are those?” He answered, “Those are the horns that scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” New Revised Standard Version I asked the angel who talked with me, “What are these?” And he answered me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleAnd I said to the angel who talked with me, My lord, what are these? And he said to me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And I said to the Angel who spoke with me: ’what are these, my Lord?’ And he said to me, ’these are the horns that dispersed Yehuda and Israel and Jerusalem’ OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917And I said unto the angel that spoke with me: 'What are these?' And he said unto me: 'These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.' Brenton Septuagint Translation And I said to the angel that spoke with me, What are these things, my lord? And he said to me, These are the horns that have scattered Juda, and Israel, and Jerusalem. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context The Vision of the Horns18Then I looked up and saw four horns. 19So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” 20Then the LORD showed me four craftsmen.… Cross References So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” Zechariah 4:4-5 “What are these, my lord?” I asked the angel who was speaking with me. / “Do you not know what they are?” replied the angel. “No, my lord,” I answered. Daniel 8:15-17 While I, Daniel, was watching the vision and trying to understand it, there stood before me one having the appearance of a man. / And I heard the voice of a man calling from between the banks of the Ulai: “Gabriel, explain the vision to this man.” / As he came near to where I stood, I was terrified and fell facedown. “Son of man,” he said to me, “understand that the vision concerns the time of the end.” Daniel 10:11-12 He said to me, “Daniel, you are a man who is highly precious. Consider carefully the words that I am about to say to you. Stand up, for I have now been sent to you.” And when he had said this to me, I stood up trembling. / “Do not be afraid, Daniel,” he said, “for from the first day that you purposed to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard, and I have come in response to them. And he told me, “These are the horns Daniel 7:24 And the ten horns are ten kings who will rise from this kingdom. After them another king, different from the earlier ones, will rise and subdue three kings. Daniel 8:20-22 The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia. / The shaggy goat represents the king of Greece, and the large horn between his eyes is the first king. / The four horns that replaced the broken one represent four kingdoms that will rise from that nation but will not have the same power. Revelation 17:12-14 The ten horns you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive one hour of authority as kings along with the beast. / These kings have one purpose: to yield their power and authority to the beast. / They will make war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will triumph over them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and He will be accompanied by His called and chosen and faithful ones.” that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Deuteronomy 28:64 Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known. 2 Kings 25:11-12 Then Nebuzaradan captain of the guard carried into exile the people who remained in the city, along with the deserters who had defected to the king of Babylon and the rest of the population. / But the captain of the guard left behind some of the poorest of the land to tend the vineyards and fields. 2 Kings 17:6 In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and carried away the Israelites to Assyria, where he settled them in Halah, in Gozan by the Habor River, and in the cities of the Medes. Daniel 7:3-7 Then four great beasts came up out of the sea, each one different from the others: / The first beast was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on two feet like a man and given the mind of a man. / Suddenly another beast appeared, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of its sides, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. So it was told, ‘Get up and gorge yourself on flesh!’ … Revelation 13:1 Then I saw a beast with ten horns and seven heads rising out of the sea. There were ten royal crowns on its horns and blasphemous names on its heads. Daniel 8:3-8 Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a ram with two horns standing beside the canal. The horns were long, but one was longer than the other, and the longer one grew up later. / I saw the ram charging toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against him, and there was no deliverance from his power. He did as he pleased and became great. / As I was contemplating all this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between his eyes came out of the west, crossing the surface of the entire earth without touching the ground. … Revelation 12:3 Then another sign appeared in heaven: a huge red dragon with seven heads, ten horns, and seven royal crowns on his heads. Daniel 2:37-44 You, O king, are the king of kings, to whom the God of heaven has given sovereignty, power, strength, and glory. / Wherever the sons of men or beasts of the field or birds of the air dwell, He has given them into your hand and has made you ruler over them all. You are that head of gold. / But after you, there will arise another kingdom, inferior to yours. Next, a third kingdom, one of bronze, will rule the whole earth. … Revelation 17:9-10 This calls for a mind with wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits. / There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, and the other has not yet come. But when he does come, he must remain for only a little while. Jeremiah 50:17 Israel is a scattered flock, chased away by lions. The first to devour him was the king of Assyria; the last to crush his bones was Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.” Treasury of Scripture And I said to the angel that talked with me, What be these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. What. Zechariah 1:9,21 Then said I, O my lord, what are these? And the angel that talked with me said unto me, I will shew thee what these be… Zechariah 2:2 Then said I, Whither goest thou? And he said unto me, To measure Jerusalem, to see what is the breadth thereof, and what is the length thereof. Zechariah 4:11-14 Then answered I, and said unto him, What are these two olive trees upon the right side of the candlestick and upon the left side thereof? … scattered. Zechariah 1:21 Then said I, What come these to do? And he spake, saying, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head: but these are come to fray them, to cast out the horns of the Gentiles, which lifted up their horn over the land of Judah to scatter it. Zechariah 8:14 For thus saith the LORD of hosts; As I thought to punish you, when your fathers provoked me to wrath, saith the LORD of hosts, and I repented not: Ezra 4:1,4,7 Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the LORD God of Israel; … Jump to Previous Angel Flight Horns Israel Jerusalem Judah Messenger Scattered Speaking Talked Talking TheseJump to Next Angel Flight Horns Israel Jerusalem Judah Messenger Scattered Speaking Talked Talking TheseZechariah 1 1. Zechariah exhorts to repentance.7. The vision of the horses. 12. At the prayer of the angel comfortable promises are made to Jerusalem. 18. The vision of the four horns and the four carpenters. So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” Zechariah, a post-exilic prophet, is engaged in a series of visions. Here, he interacts with an angelic messenger, a common feature in apocalyptic literature, indicating divine revelation. The question reflects Zechariah's role as an intermediary, seeking understanding on behalf of the people. This interaction underscores the importance of divine guidance in interpreting visions, similar to Daniel's experiences (Daniel 7:16). And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” Persons / Places / Events 1. ZechariahA prophet who received visions from God, tasked with encouraging the Israelites during the rebuilding of the temple. 2. The Angel A divine messenger who communicates God's message to Zechariah, providing explanations for the visions. 3. The Horns Symbolic representations of powers or nations that have oppressed and scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. 4. Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem The people and regions that have experienced dispersion and oppression by foreign powers. 5. The Vision Part of a series of visions given to Zechariah, intended to convey God's plans and promises for His people. Teaching Points Understanding SymbolismThe horns represent oppressive powers. Recognizing symbolic language in Scripture helps us discern God's messages and promises. God's Sovereignty Despite the scattering of His people, God remains in control and has a plan for restoration. Trust in His sovereignty even in times of oppression. Hope in Restoration The vision points to God's promise of gathering and restoring His people. This offers hope and encouragement for believers facing trials. The Role of Prophets Prophets like Zechariah play a crucial role in communicating God's plans and encouraging His people. We should value and heed prophetic messages in Scripture. Spiritual Warfare The scattering by the horns can be seen as a form of spiritual warfare. Believers are called to stand firm in faith, knowing that God will ultimately triumph over evil. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of Zechariah 1:19?2. What do the "four horns" symbolize in Zechariah 1:19 for Israel's enemies? 3. How can understanding Zechariah 1:19 deepen our trust in God's protection today? 4. Connect Zechariah 1:19 with other scriptures about God's deliverance from enemies. 5. How does Zechariah 1:19 encourage us to pray for God's intervention in conflicts? 6. What practical steps can we take to trust God's sovereignty over worldly powers? 7. What do the four horns symbolize in Zechariah 1:19? 8. How does Zechariah 1:19 relate to Israel's historical enemies? 9. Why does God allow nations to scatter Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem in Zechariah 1:19? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from Zechariah 1? 11. What visions and messages did Zechariah receive from God? 12. How does Jesus fulfill Old Testament prophecies and teachings? 13. What are the symbolic meanings of Zechariah's visions? 14. Why should modern readers accept supernatural explanations in Zechariah 1:9-11 despite a lack of external validation for angelic or visionary experiences? What Does Zechariah 1:19 Mean So I asked the angel who was speaking with me- Zechariah responds directly to the heavenly messenger, modeling a humble, inquisitive faith (compare Zechariah 1:9, Revelation 22:8–9). - Angels consistently serve as God’s spokesmen, never promoting their own agenda but conveying divine truth (Luke 1:19; Hebrews 1:14). - The prophet’s question underscores our privilege to seek clarity from God rather than speculate (James 1:5). “What are these?” - Zechariah seeks specific insight into the vision just shown—four mysterious horns (Zechariah 1:18). - Scripture welcomes genuine inquiry; God is not threatened by honest questions, and He answers through His Word (Psalm 119:18; Jeremiah 33:3). - Asking “what” signals a desire to understand God’s plan, moving from sight to interpretation—a pattern repeated in Daniel 7:16 and Revelation 7:13–14. And he told me - Immediate angelic reply illustrates God’s readiness to reveal truth to the searching heart (Jeremiah 29:13). - The orderly communication reinforces that prophecy is not cryptic guesswork but purposeful revelation (2 Peter 1:19–21). - God’s messengers never leave faithful servants in confusion when illumination is needed for obedience. “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” - “Horns” symbolize real-world powers wielding military strength (1 Kings 22:11; Daniel 8:3–7). - The scattering refers to literal historical dispersions inflicted by successive Gentile empires—Assyria against Israel (2 Kings 17:6), Babylon against Judah and Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1–11), and later oppressors (Luke 21:24). - God permits these nations to discipline His people, yet each empire is accountable for its cruelty (Isaiah 10:5–12; Habakkuk 1:6–11). - The verse sets up the comforting follow-up vision of the craftsmen who “terrify” the horns (Zechariah 1:20–21), assuring that divine justice overturns hostile powers (Psalm 75:10). summary Zechariah’s simple question invites us to seek God’s explanation of what we witness. The angel’s answer identifies the horns as literal world powers used to scatter God’s covenant people. History confirms this scattering, yet the surrounding context promises their ultimate defeat. The passage assures believers that while earthly forces may rage, God remains sovereign, ready to clarify His purposes to any who ask and to deliver His people in His perfect time. Verse 19. - Which have scattered, etc. Some see here an allusion to the prophecy of Daniel concerning the Babylonians, Medo-Persians, Macedonians, and Romans. Against this view it is urged that the prophet is speaking of past events, not of a far distant future. Others Lake the four horns to represent Assyria, Egypt, Babylon, and Medo-Persia, all of which had scattered Israel. But it is well to lay no special stress on such explanations of symbolical language, which are at best mere conjectures, liable to be overthrown by a new theory. The word "scattered," which Jerome renders ventilaverunt, means properly, as Wright observes, "to winnow," to separate and scatter by means of the wind. The perfect tense of this verb must not be pressed so as to exclude all notion of coming events. The prophets see at one glance past and future, and combine in one expression far distant occurrences. Doubtless Zechariah's vision has some relation to Daniel's, and his description of the powers hostile to the Church of God runs on parallel lines with that of his predecessor. Whether be refers to the same four empires must be left in uncertainty. Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. All the tribes and the capital. According to Ewald, Judah is named first as occupying the place of honour, even as Benjamin is named before Judah in Psalm 68:27, because the capital city lay in its territory. Jerusalem was the centre of worship and government for all the people, the northern tribes being represented by Israel. the southern by Judah. Some critics cancel the word "Israel" here, and there is no doubt that it is often written for "Jerusalem" by mistake (comp. Jeremiah 23:6 [where see Professor Cheyne's note]; 32:30, 32; 51:49; Zephaniah 3:14; Malachi 2:11). Gratz supposes that in the present passage the scribe discovered his mistake, and wrote the right word "Jerusalem" after the wrong one "Israel," but leaving the latter still in the manuscript. Of course, there is no proof of this supposition. Some manuscripts of the Septuagint omit "Jerusalem" here.Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew So I askedוָאֹמַ֗ר (wā·’ō·mar) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular Strong's 559: To utter, say the angel הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ (ham·mal·’āḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 4397: A messenger, of God, an angel who was speaking הַדֹּבֵ֥ר (had·dō·ḇêr) Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue with me, בִּ֖י (bî) Preposition | first person common singular Strong's Hebrew “What מָה־ (māh-) Interrogative Strong's 4100: What?, what!, indefinitely what are these?” אֵ֑לֶּה (’êl·leh) Pronoun - common plural Strong's 428: These, those And he told וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (way·yō·mer) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 559: To utter, say me, אֵלַ֔י (’ê·lay) Preposition | first person common singular Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to “These אֵ֤לֶּה (’êl·leh) Pronoun - common plural Strong's 428: These, those are the horns הַקְּרָנוֹת֙ (haq·qə·rā·nō·wṯ) Article | Noun - feminine plural Strong's 7161: A horn, a flask, cornet, an elephant's tooth, a corner, a peak, a ray, power that אֲשֶׁ֣ר (’ă·šer) Pronoun - relative Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that scattered זֵר֣וּ (zê·rū) Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural Strong's 2219: To toss about, to diffuse, winnow Judah, יְהוּדָ֔ה (yə·hū·ḏāh) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites Israel, יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (yiś·rā·’êl) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc and Jerusalem.” וִירוּשָׁלָֽם׃ (wî·rū·šā·lām) Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 3389: Jerusalem -- probably 'foundation of peace', capital city of all Israel Links Zechariah 1:19 NIVZechariah 1:19 NLT Zechariah 1:19 ESV Zechariah 1:19 NASB Zechariah 1:19 KJV Zechariah 1:19 BibleApps.com Zechariah 1:19 Biblia Paralela Zechariah 1:19 Chinese Bible Zechariah 1:19 French Bible Zechariah 1:19 Catholic Bible OT Prophets: Zechariah 1:19 I asked the angel who talked (Zech. 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