Anointing and Leadership
Psalm 23:5, where David speaks of being anointed by God, reflecting divine favor and purpose.

The Holy Spirit's Empowerment
Acts 1:8, where Jesus promises the Holy Spirit's power to His disciples for their mission.

Humility in Leadership
Philippians 2:3-4, which encourages believers to consider others above themselves, exemplifying Christ-like humility.Anointing and Divine Selection
Then Samuel took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head, kissed him, and said, 'Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over His inheritance?' (1 Samuel 10:1). This act signifies God's choice and empowerment of Saul, highlighting the importance of divine selection in leadership.

Signs of Confirmation
Samuel provides Saul with specific signs to confirm his calling (1 Samuel 10:2-7). These signs serve as divine affirmations of God's plan and presence in Saul's life.

The Role of the Holy Spirit
The Spirit of the LORD will come powerfully upon you, and you will prophesy with them; and you will be changed into a different person (1 Samuel 10:6). The Holy Spirit's empowerment is crucial for fulfilling God's purposes.

Public Recognition and Acceptance
Saul is publicly chosen by lot, and the people acknowledge him as king (1 Samuel 10:20-24). This demonstrates the importance of communal recognition in leadership roles.

Obedience and Humility
Despite his anointing, Saul initially hides among the baggage (1 Samuel 10:22), reflecting a humble and perhaps hesitant acceptance of his role.Seek God's Confirmation
Like Saul, seek God's confirmation and guidance when faced with significant life decisions.

Rely on the Holy Spirit
Depend on the Holy Spirit for strength and transformation in fulfilling God's calling.

Embrace Humility
Approach leadership and service with humility, recognizing that it is God who empowers and appoints.

Value Community Affirmation
Recognize the importance of community support and affirmation in your spiritual journey.1. Samuel
Samuel is the prophet who anoints Saul as king over Israel. He is a significant figure in the narrative, acting as God's messenger and leader of the people. The Hebrew root of his name, שְׁמוּאֵל (Shemuel), can be interpreted as "heard by God" or "name of God."

2. Saul
Saul is the son of Kish, from the tribe of Benjamin, who is anointed by Samuel to be the first king of Israel. His name in Hebrew, שָׁאוּל (Sha'ul), means "asked for" or "prayed for."

3. Kish
Kish is Saul's father, described as a man of standing from the tribe of Benjamin. His name in Hebrew, קִישׁ (Qish), means "bow" or "power."

4. The Group of Prophets
This group of prophets meets Saul as he approaches Gibeah. They are significant in the narrative as they are part of the sign given to Saul to confirm his anointing. The Hebrew term for prophet, נָבִיא (Navi), means "spokesman" or "speaker."

5. The Spirit of God
While not a person in the traditional sense, the Spirit of God plays a crucial role in the chapter, coming powerfully upon Saul and causing him to prophesy. The Hebrew word for spirit, רוּחַ (Ruach), can mean "breath," "wind," or "spirit."1. Ramah
This is where the prophet Samuel anoints Saul as king. Ramah is Samuel's hometown and a significant location for his prophetic ministry. The Hebrew root for Ramah (רָמָה) means "height" or "high place," indicating its elevated position.

2. Zelzah
Mentioned in 1 Samuel 10:2, Zelzah is a location near Rachel's tomb where Saul is told he will meet two men who will inform him that the donkeys he was searching for have been found. The exact location of Zelzah is not clearly identified in modern geography.

3. Tabor
In 1 Samuel 10:3, Saul is instructed to go to the oak of Tabor, where he will meet three men going up to God at Bethel. Tabor here is likely a reference to a notable tree or landmark rather than Mount Tabor, which is located in the northern part of Israel.

4. Bethel
This is a significant religious site in Israel, known as a place where people went to worship God. The Hebrew name Bethel (בֵּית־אֵל) means "House of God." It is one of the places where Saul encounters signs confirming his anointing as king.

5. Gibeah of God
In 1 Samuel 10:5, Saul is told he will come to Gibeah of God, where there is a Philistine garrison. Gibeah is Saul's hometown, and the addition "of God" may indicate a place of worship or a significant religious site. The Hebrew root for Gibeah (גִּבְעָה) means "hill."1. Samuel Anoints Saul
Samuel takes a flask of oil and pours it on Saul's head, anointing him as ruler over Israel. This act signifies God's choice of Saul as king. The Hebrew word for "anoint" is מָשַׁח (mashach), which is the root for "Messiah" or "anointed one."
^"Then Samuel took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head, kissed him, and said, 'Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over His inheritance?'"^ (1 Samuel 10:1)

2. Signs to Confirm Saul's Anointing
Samuel provides Saul with specific signs that will confirm his anointing. These include meeting two men by Rachel's tomb, who will inform him that the donkeys he was searching for have been found.
^"When you leave me today, you will meet two men by Rachel’s tomb in Zelzah on the border of Benjamin. They will say to you, 'The donkeys you set out to look for have been found, and now your father has stopped thinking about them and is worried about you. He is asking, "What should I do about my son?"'"^ (1 Samuel 10:2)

3. Meeting Three Men at the Oak of Tabor
Saul will encounter three men going up to Bethel, carrying three young goats, three loaves of bread, and a skin of wine. They will greet him and offer him two loaves of bread.
^"Then you will go on from there until you reach the oak of Tabor. Three men going up to God at Bethel will meet you there. One will be carrying three young goats, another three loaves of bread, and another a skin of wine."^ (1 Samuel 10:3)

4. Prophetic Encounter at Gibeah
Saul will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place with musical instruments, and the Spirit of the LORD will come powerfully upon him, causing him to prophesy with them. This transformation is a sign of God's empowerment.
^"After that you will go to Gibeah of God, where there is a Philistine garrison. As you approach the town, you will meet a procession of prophets coming down from the high place with harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres being played before them, and they will be prophesying."^ (1 Samuel 10:5)

5. Saul's Transformation
As Saul turns to leave Samuel, God changes his heart, and all the signs Samuel predicted come to pass. This change signifies Saul's divine appointment and preparation for kingship.
^"As Saul turned to leave Samuel, God changed Saul’s heart, and all the signs came to pass that day."^ (1 Samuel 10:9)

6. Saul's Silence About the Kingship
After the signs are fulfilled, Saul returns home, but he does not tell his uncle about the matter of the kingship, indicating a sense of humility or uncertainty.
^"Saul’s uncle asked him and his servant, 'Where did you go?' 'To look for the donkeys,' Saul replied. 'When we saw they were not to be found, we went to Samuel.' Saul’s uncle said, 'Tell me what Samuel said to you.' So Saul told him, 'He assured us that the donkeys had been found.' But Saul did not tell his uncle what Samuel had said about the kingship."^ (1 Samuel 10:14-16)

7. Public Selection of Saul as King
Samuel gathers the people at Mizpah and, through the casting of lots, Saul is publicly chosen as king. This public selection confirms God's choice and Saul's anointing.
^"Then Samuel brought all the tribes of Israel near, and the tribe of Benjamin was chosen. Next, he brought the tribe of Benjamin forward by its clans, and the clan of Matri was chosen. Finally, Saul son of Kish was chosen. But when they looked for him, he was not to be found."^ (1 Samuel 10:20-21)

8. Saul's Hiding and Presentation
Initially hiding among the supplies, Saul is brought out and presented to the people, who acknowledge him as king. This moment marks the beginning of Saul's reign.
^"So they inquired further of the LORD, 'Has the man come here yet?' And the LORD replied, 'He has hidden himself among the supplies.' They ran and brought him out, and as he stood among the people, he was a head taller than any of the others."^ (1 Samuel 10:22-23)

9. Samuel's Explanation of Kingship
Samuel explains the rights and duties of kingship to the people and writes them on a scroll, laying it before the LORD. This act formalizes the establishment of the monarchy in Israel.
^"Then Samuel explained to the people the rights and duties of kingship. He wrote them on a scroll and laid it up before the LORD. Then Samuel sent all the people home."^ (1 Samuel 10:25)

10. Saul's Return to Gibeah
Saul returns to his home in Gibeah, accompanied by valiant men whose hearts God had touched, indicating divine support for his leadership.
^"Saul also went to his home in Gibeah, and the valiant men whose hearts God had touched went with him."^ (1 Samuel 10:26)

11. Opposition to Saul's Kingship
Some scoundrels question Saul's ability to lead and bring salvation, showing early opposition to his reign. However, Saul remains silent, demonstrating restraint.
^"But some scoundrels said, 'How can this man save us?' So they despised him and brought him no gifts. But Saul remained silent."^ (1 Samuel 10:27)1. Anointing of Saul as King
Samuel anoints Saul as the first king of Israel. This act is significant as it marks the transition from the period of judges to the monarchy in Israel. The Hebrew word for "anoint" is מָשַׁח (mashach), which is the root for "Messiah," indicating a divinely appointed leader.
^“Then Samuel took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head, kissed him, and said, ‘Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over His inheritance?’”^ (1 Samuel 10:1).

2. Signs Confirming Saul’s Kingship
Samuel provides Saul with specific signs that will confirm his anointing and calling as king. These signs serve to reassure Saul of God's choice and presence.
^“When you leave me today, you will find two men at Rachel’s tomb in Zelzah on the border of Benjamin. They will say to you, ‘The donkeys you set out to look for have been found, and now your father has stopped thinking about them and is worried about you. He is asking, “What should I do about my son?”’”^ (1 Samuel 10:2).

3. Saul’s Transformation by the Spirit
The Spirit of the LORD comes powerfully upon Saul, transforming him and equipping him for his role as king. The Hebrew word for "Spirit" is רוּחַ (ruach), which can mean breath, wind, or spirit, indicating a divine empowerment.
^“The Spirit of the LORD will come powerfully upon you, and you will prophesy with them; and you will be changed into a different person.”^ (1 Samuel 10:6).

4. Saul’s Public Selection as King
Saul is publicly chosen by lot to be king before the people of Israel, affirming God's choice in a visible manner. This event underscores the divine orchestration in Saul's selection.
^“Then Samuel brought all the tribes of Israel near, and the tribe of Benjamin was chosen.”^ (1 Samuel 10:20).

5. Saul’s Humility and Reluctance
Despite being chosen, Saul initially hides among the baggage, displaying humility or reluctance to assume the kingship. This moment highlights his initial hesitance and the weight of leadership.
^“So they inquired further of the LORD, ‘Has the man come here yet?’ And the LORD replied, ‘He has hidden himself among the baggage.’”^ (1 Samuel 10:22).

6. The People’s Acceptance of Saul
After Saul is presented to the people, they accept him as king, shouting their approval. This acceptance is crucial for the unity and stability of the new monarchy.
^“Then the people shouted, ‘Long live the king!’”^ (1 Samuel 10:24).

7. Samuel’s Explanation of Kingship
Samuel explains the rights and duties of kingship to the people, setting the framework for Saul’s reign and the expectations of a king in Israel.
^“Samuel explained to the people the rights and duties of kingship. He wrote them on a scroll and laid it up before the LORD.”^ (1 Samuel 10:25).

8. Division Among the People
There is a division among the people regarding Saul’s kingship, with some questioning his ability to lead. This division foreshadows future challenges in Saul’s reign.
^“But some worthless men said, ‘How can this man save us?’ So they despised him and brought him no gifts. But Saul remained silent.”^ (1 Samuel 10:27).1. Divine Appointment and Anointing
In 1 Samuel 10, the theme of divine appointment is evident as Samuel anoints Saul as the first king of Israel. This act signifies God's choice and empowerment for leadership. The Hebrew word for "anoint" is מָשַׁח (mashach), which indicates a consecration for a specific purpose. The anointing with oil symbolizes the Holy Spirit's presence and empowerment for the task ahead.

2. Prophetic Confirmation
The chapter highlights the theme of prophetic confirmation through signs given to Saul. Samuel provides specific predictions that will confirm God's calling on Saul's life. This theme underscores the importance of prophecy in affirming God's will. The fulfillment of these signs serves to strengthen Saul's faith and the people's recognition of his divine appointment.

3. Transformation by the Spirit
A significant theme is the transformation brought about by the Spirit of God. In 1 Samuel 10:6, it states, "The Spirit of the LORD will rush upon you, and you will prophesy with them; and you will be changed into a different person." The Hebrew word for "rush" is צָלַח (tsalach), indicating a powerful and overwhelming influence of the Spirit, leading to a change in Saul's character and abilities.

4. Public Recognition and Acceptance
The theme of public recognition is evident as Saul is presented to the people as king. In 1 Samuel 10:24, Samuel declares, "Do you see the one the LORD has chosen? There is no one like him among all the people." This public acknowledgment is crucial for Saul's acceptance as king, highlighting the need for communal recognition of God's chosen leader.

5. Human Reluctance and Divine Assurance
Saul's initial reluctance to embrace his role as king is another theme. Despite being chosen by God, Saul hides among the baggage (1 Samuel 10:22). This reluctance is met with divine assurance, as God confirms Saul's selection through the casting of lots. This theme reflects the tension between human insecurity and God's sovereign assurance.

6. Unity and Division Among the People
The chapter also presents the theme of unity and division. While many accept Saul as king, some dissenters question his ability to lead (1 Samuel 10:27). This division among the people highlights the challenges of leadership and the need for unity under God's chosen authority. The Hebrew term בְּלִיַּעַל (belial), used to describe the dissenters, implies worthlessness or rebellion against God's order.1. How can the dramatic shift in Saul’s demeanor in 1 Samuel 10:6 be explained scientifically or psychologically?

2. Does the lack of archaeological evidence for Saul’s anointing in 1 Samuel 10:1 cast doubt on its historical reliability?

3. Why does the “Spirit of God” in 1 Samuel 10:10 produce such immediate prophetic activity in Saul, yet seemingly not in others?

4. How do the signs given to Saul in 1 Samuel 10:2–7 align or conflict with other biblical accounts of miraculous signs?

5. If God can change Saul’s heart instantly in 1 Samuel 10:9, why doesn’t this method apply universally to eliminate evil or unbelief?

1. What does Samuel's anointment of Saul reveal about the significance of divine selection and anointment in leadership?

2. How do the series of prophesied events that unfold in Saul's life demonstrate God's sovereignty?

3. How does Saul's initial reaction to his anointment reflect human tendencies towards unexpected responsibilities?

4. Why do you think Saul chose to keep his anointment a secret from his uncle?

5. How do the reactions of the Israelites to their new king reflect the varied responses we often see in society towards new leadership?

6. What are some of the challenges Saul may have faced as the first king of Israel and how might these relate to challenges faced by leaders today?

7. How does the selection of Saul, an unlikely candidate, reflect on the concept of God choosing the "foolish things of the world to shame the wise" (1 Corinthians 1:27)?

8. How can you apply the lesson of Saul's transformation by the Spirit of God in your personal or professional life?

9. In what ways does this chapter emphasize the importance of prophecy in the narrative of the Bible?

10. How does the story of Saul challenge our own ideas of worthiness and qualification for roles we're called to?

11. Compare and contrast the public and private call of Saul. How do they each contribute to Saul's understanding of his new role?

12. How does the narrative of 1 Samuel 10 apply to present-day leadership, especially in religious contexts?

13. How does Saul's humility play a role in his acceptance as a leader, and how can this be applied in today's society?

14. In what ways can you identify with Saul's fear and uncertainty upon being called to a new role?

15. How do you handle situations where you're called to step up to an unfamiliar role?

16. How do you respond when you see God working in ways you don’t expect, like in the case of Saul's anointment?

17. How does God's choice of Saul, despite his seeming inadequacy, inspire you in your personal walk with God?

18. What does the chapter teach about the role of divine and human acceptance in leadership?

19. How can we ensure that we are open to God's calling, just like Saul was?

20. How does Saul's story impact your understanding of God's providence and plans for your life?