Ezekiel 4:15
New International Version
“Very well,” he said, “I will let you bake your bread over cow dung instead of human excrement.”

New Living Translation
“All right,” the LORD said. “You may bake your bread with cow dung instead of human dung.”

English Standard Version
Then he said to me, “See, I assign to you cow’s dung instead of human dung, on which you may prepare your bread.”

Berean Standard Bible
“Look,” He replied, “I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement, and you may bake your bread over that.”

King James Bible
Then he said unto me, Lo, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread therewith.

New King James Version
Then He said to me, “See, I am giving you cow dung instead of human waste, and you shall prepare your bread over it.”

New American Standard Bible
Then He said to me, “See, I will give you cow’s dung in place of human dung, so that you may prepare your bread over it.”

NASB 1995
Then He said to me, “See, I will give you cow’s dung in place of human dung over which you will prepare your bread.”

NASB 1977
Then He said to me, “See, I shall give you cow’s dung in place of human dung over which you will prepare your bread.”

Legacy Standard Bible
Then He said to me, “See, I will set for you cow’s dung in place of human dung over which you will prepare your bread.”

Amplified Bible
Then He said to me, “See, I will let you use cow’s dung instead of human dung over which you shall prepare your food.”

Christian Standard Bible
He replied to me, “Look, I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement, and you can make your bread over that.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He replied to me, “Look, I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement, and you can make your bread over that.”

American Standard Version
Then he said unto me, See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereon.

Contemporary English Version
The LORD replied, "Instead of human waste, I will let you bake your bread on a fire made from cow manure.

English Revised Version
Then he said unto me, See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereon.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
He said to me, "I will let you use cow manure in place of human excrement. Bake your bread over it."

Good News Translation
So God said, "Very well. I will let you use cow dung instead, and you can bake your bread on that."

International Standard Version
"Okay," he responded. "I'll allow you to substitute cow's dung for human dung. Cook your food over that."

Majority Standard Bible
“Look,” He replied, “I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement, and you may bake your bread over that.”

NET Bible
So he said to me, "All right then, I will substitute cow's manure instead of human excrement. You will cook your food over it."

New Heart English Bible
Then he said to me, "Look, I have given you cow's dung for man's dung, and you shall prepare your bread thereon."

Webster's Bible Translation
Then he said to me, Lo, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread with them.

World English Bible
Then he said to me, “Behold, I have given you cow’s dung for man’s dung, and you shall prepare your bread on it.”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And He says to me, “See, I have given to you bullock’s dung instead of man’s dung, and you have made your bread by it.”

Young's Literal Translation
And He saith unto me, 'See, I have given to thee bullock's dung instead of man's dung, and thou hast made thy bread by it.'

Smith's Literal Translation
And he will say to me, See, I gave to thee the dung of oxen instead of man's dung, and make thy bread upon them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And he said to me: Behold I have given thee neat's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt make thy bread therewith.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And he said to me: “Behold, I have given to you cow manure in place of human dung, and you shall make your bread with it.”

New American Bible
Very well, he replied, I will let you use cow manure in place of human dung. You can bake your bread on that.

New Revised Standard Version
Then he said to me, “See, I will let you have cow’s dung instead of human dung, on which you may prepare your bread.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Then he said to me, Lo, I have given you oxen's dung instead of men's dung, that you shall bake your bread with it.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And he said to me: “Behold, I have given you dung of oxen instead of dung of the children of man, that you will make your bread on them”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Then He said unto me: 'See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereon.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And he said to me, Behold, I have given thee dung of oxen instead of man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy loaves upon it.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Defiled Bread
14“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.” 15“Look,” He replied, “I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement, and you may bake your bread over that.” 16Then He told me, “Son of man, I am going to cut off the supply of food in Jerusalem. They will anxiously eat bread rationed by weight, and in despair they will drink water by measure.…

Cross References
Acts 10:14-15
“No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.” / The voice spoke to him a second time: “Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.”

Leviticus 11:1-47
The LORD spoke again to Moses and Aaron, telling them, / “Say to the Israelites, ‘Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat: / You may eat any animal that has a split hoof completely divided and that chews the cud. ...

Deuteronomy 14:3-21
You must not eat any detestable thing. / These are the animals that you may eat: The ox, the sheep, the goat, / the deer, the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, and the mountain sheep. ...

Mark 7:18-19
“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)

Romans 14:14
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

1 Timothy 4:4-5
For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected, / because it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.

Isaiah 7:15
By the time He knows enough to reject evil and choose good, He will be eating curds and honey.

Hosea 9:3
They will not remain in the land of the LORD; Ephraim will return to Egypt and eat unclean food in Assyria.

Daniel 1:8
But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.

Matthew 15:11
A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”

1 Corinthians 10:25-26
Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience, / for, “The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof.”

Genesis 9:3
Everything that lives and moves will be food for you; just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you all things.

Acts 15:29
You must abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell.

Colossians 2:16
Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath.

1 Corinthians 8:8
But food does not bring us closer to God: We are no worse if we do not eat, and no better if we do.


Treasury of Scripture

Then he said to me, See, I have given you cow's dung for man's dung, and you shall prepare your bread therewith.

cow's dung.

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Bake Bread Bullock's Cow Dung Human Instead Manure Prepare Thereon Therewith Waste
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Ezekiel 4
1. Under type of a siege is shown the time from the defection of Jeroboam to captivity
9. By the provision of the siege, is shown the hardness of the famine














Very well, He replied
This phrase indicates God's response to Ezekiel's plea for a concession. The Hebrew word for "replied" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote a declaration or a statement of intent. Here, it reflects God's willingness to accommodate Ezekiel's concerns, demonstrating His understanding and compassion. This interaction highlights the relational aspect of God, who listens and responds to the needs of His people, even within the context of judgment and prophetic symbolism.

I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement
The substitution of cow dung for human excrement is significant. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, using human excrement for fuel was considered unclean and defiling. The Hebrew word for "excrement" is "גֵּלֶל" (gelal), which underscores the impurity associated with it. By allowing the use of cow dung, which was a more common and acceptable fuel source, God is showing mercy and providing a way for Ezekiel to maintain ritual purity. This concession underscores the importance of holiness and the lengths to which God will go to preserve the sanctity of His prophet, even in the midst of a symbolic act meant to convey the severity of Israel's impending judgment.

and you may bake your bread over that
The act of baking bread over dung, even cow dung, serves as a powerful symbol of the dire conditions that would befall Jerusalem during the siege. Bread, a staple of life, represents sustenance and provision. The Hebrew word for "bread" is "לֶחֶם" (lechem), which is often used in Scripture to symbolize God's provision. The use of dung as fuel signifies the scarcity and desperation that would accompany the siege, as traditional fuel sources would be unavailable. This imagery serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the reality of divine judgment. Yet, even in this grim portrayal, there is a glimmer of hope and divine provision, as God allows for a less defiling means to prepare sustenance, pointing to His enduring care for His people even in times of discipline.

(15) Cow's dung.--In the scarcity of fuel in the East, cow's dung and especially camel's dung, is dried, and becomes the common fuel.

Verse 15. - Lo, I have given thee, etc. The concession mitigates the horror of the first command, though even this was probably regarded as involving some ceremonial uncleanness. It served, at any rate, to represent, in some measure, the pressure of the siege.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
“Look,”
רְאֵ֗ה (rə·’êh)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular
Strong's 7200: To see

He replied,
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

“I will let
נָתַ֤תִּֽי (nā·ṯat·tî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

you use cow
הַבָּקָ֔ר (hab·bā·qār)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1241: Beef cattle, ox, a herd

dung
צְפִיעֵ֣י (ṣə·p̄î·‘ê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 6832: Dung (of cattle)

instead of
תַּ֖חַת (ta·ḥaṯ)
Preposition
Strong's 8478: The bottom, below, in lieu of

human
הָֽאָדָ֑ם (hā·’ā·ḏām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120: Ruddy, a human being

excrement,
גֶּלְלֵ֣י (gel·lê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1561: Dung

and you may bake
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ (wə·‘ā·śî·ṯā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

your bread
לַחְמְךָ֖ (laḥ·mə·ḵā)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 3899: Food, bread, grain

over that.”
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ (‘ă·lê·hem)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 4:15 Then he said to me Behold (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 4:14
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