Lexical Summary tub: Goodness, good things, prosperity, welfare Original Word: טוּב Strong's Exhaustive Concordance fair, gladness, goodness, thing joy, go well with From towb; good (as a noun), in the widest sense, especially goodness (superlative concretely, the best), beauty, gladness, welfare -- fair, gladness, good(-ness, thing, -s), joy, go well with. see HEBREW towb NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom tob Definition good things, goods, goodness NASB Translation best (3), best things (1), bounty (2), comeliness (1), fair (1), glad (2), good (2), good thing (2), good things (3), goodness (10), goodness' (1), prosperity (3), well (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs טוּב noun masculineJob 20:21 good things, goods, goodness; — ׳ט Genesis 24:10 17t.; suffix טוּבִי Exodus 33:19; Jeremiah 31:14; טוּבְךָ Psalm 25:7 4t.; טוּבוֺ Hosea 3:5 2t.; טוּבָהּ Nehemiah 9:36; Jeremiah 2:7; טוּבָםJob 21:15; — not in H P, Chronicles, Ezekiel or post-exilic prophets — 1 good things, collective, produce of the land to be eaten Genesis 45:18,20,23 (E), Isaiah 1:19; Jeremiah 2:7; Ezra 9:12; Nehemiah 9:35,36, to be enjoyed; good things of ׳י as given by him Hosea 3:5; Jeremiah 31:12,14; Psalm 27:13; of house of ׳י Psalm 65:5, figurative of spiritual blessings. 2 goods, property Genesis 24:10 (J), Deuteronomy 6:11; 2 Kings 8:9; Nehemiah 9:25. 3 abstract: a. fairness, beauty, of neck of heifer Hosea 10:11; of people of ׳י Zechariah 9:17; of ׳י himself Exodus 33:19 (JE). b. טוּב לב(בׅ joy of heart Deuteronomy 28:47; Isaiah 65:14 (see I. טוֺב 2, II. ׳ט 7). c. prosperity Job 20:21; Job 21:16; of Jerusalem Psalm 128:5; בְּטוּב צַדִּיקִים Proverbs 11:10 in the prosperity of the righteous the city rejoiceth. d. goodness of taste, discernment Psalm 119:66. 4 abstract, goodness of God: a. in bestowing good things Nehemiah 9:25. b. in the salvation of his people Isaiah 63:7; Psalm 25:7; Psalm 145:7. c. stored up for his saints Psalm Psalm 31:20. Topical Lexicon Semantic Range and Theological Emphasis טוּב (tov, “goodness,” “good things,” “prosperity,” “beauty”) gathers into one word the ideas of moral excellence, desirable quality, and tangible blessing. Whether describing the fertile land promised to Israel (Deuteronomy 1:25), the material bounty bestowed by God (Jeremiah 2:7), or the intrinsic beneficence of the Lord Himself (Psalm 31:19), the noun consistently directs attention to the Source of all goodness—Yahweh—and to the covenantal relationship in which that goodness is experienced. Revealing God’s Character “Your goodness is great, which You have laid up for those who fear You” (Psalm 31:19). In many occurrences, טוּב does not speak first of things but of the divine quality behind them. Moses expects to see God’s “goodness” pass before him (Exodus 33:19), and the psalmists repeatedly celebrate the “goodness of the LORD” (for example, Psalm 27:13; Psalm 65:4). By linking the term to God Himself, Scripture asserts that goodness is personal and objective, not relative or abstract. The blessings that flow are an overflow of divine nature, an anchor for praise and a defense against the suspicion that adversity contradicts God’s benevolence. Covenant Blessings in the Land טוּב often occurs with “land,” underscoring the concrete realization of promise: “I have come down to rescue them… to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey” (Exodus 3:8). The spies confirm the land’s goodness (Numbers 14:7). Deuteronomy repeatedly urges Israel to remember that the houses, cisterns, vineyards, and olive groves they will enjoy are the LORD’s “good things” (Deuteronomy 6:11; Deuteronomy 8:12). Failure to obey will turn goodness into desolation (Jeremiah 29:32), showing that God’s benevolence is covenant‐conditioned, yet never capricious. Ethical Implications and Human Flourishing Because God is good, His people are called to reflect that goodness. Psalm 34:8 links experience to obedience: “Taste and see that the LORD is good.” Proverbs pairs טוּב with wisdom: “He who finds a wife finds a good thing and obtains favor from the LORD” (Proverbs 18:22). Such verses locate human well‐being in alignment with divine order—marriage, diligence, integrity, generosity—rather than in autonomous self‐realization. Isaiah 63:7 narrates the history of redemption as “the goodness of the LORD,” urging remembrance as a moral safeguard. Contrast with False Good Jeremiah 2:7 delivers a sharp indictment: “I brought you into a fertile land to eat its fruit and goodness, but you defiled My land.” The prophet unmasks idolatrous misuse of God’s gifts. Hosea 3:5 predicts that in repentance the people “will come trembling to the LORD and to His goodness in the last days,” contrasting fleeting prosperity with lasting covenant blessing. Thus טוּב exposes the emptiness of substitute “goods” and calls hearts back to the Giver. Eschatological Vision Later prophets bind טוּב to restoration hope. Zechariah 9:17 celebrates forthcoming salvation: “How great is their goodness and how great their beauty!” The abundance envisioned mirrors Eden and anticipates new‐creation fullness, culminating in the messianic age when the Shepherd‐King supplies every good (Psalm 23:6). Liturgical and Devotional Usage By Old Testament times טוּב was embedded in worship vocabulary. Chronicles records Hezekiah’s Passover appeal that God “return to the survivors who are left of you and show them compassion” (2 Chronicles 30:9), expecting divine goodness to accompany repentance. Psalm 65, often used in harvest celebrations, exults, “You crown the year with Your goodness; Your paths overflow with abundance” (Psalm 65:11). Such texts inform prayers of thanksgiving today, grounding praise in historical patterns of mercy. Ministry Applications 1. Encouragement: When counseling believers facing hardship, highlight Psalm 27:13: “I am still confident of this: I will see the goodness of the LORD in the land of the living.” Representative Occurrences Genesis 24:10; Exodus 3:8; Deuteronomy 6:11; Deuteronomy 30:9; 2 Chronicles 30:9; Nehemiah 9:25; Job 20:21; Psalm 31:19; Psalm 65:11; Psalm 145:7; Proverbs 18:22; Isaiah 63:7; Jeremiah 2:7; Hosea 3:5; Zechariah 9:17. Summary טוּב gathers divine character, covenant blessing, ethical exhortation, and eschatological hope into a single term. Every appearance calls God’s people to recognize, receive, and reflect the goodness that originates in Him, is mediated through His promises, and will culminate in everlasting joy in His presence. Forms and Transliterations בְּֽטוּב־ בְּט֣וּב בְּטוּבְךָ֥ בטוב בטוב־ בטובך וְטוּבָ֑הּ וּבְט֣וּב וּבְטוּבְךָ֨ ובטוב ובטובך וטובה ט֖וּב ט֛וּב ט֠וּב ט֣וּב ט֤וּב ט֥וּב טּוּב֖וֹ טוּב֖וֹ טוּב֙ טוּב֮ טוּבְךָ֣ טוּבְךָ֮ טוּבִ֥י טוּבִי֙ טוּבָ֑ם טוּבָ֔הּ טוּבֽוֹ׃ טוב טובה טובו טובו׃ טובי טובך טובם מִטּ֣וּב מטוב bə·ṭū·ḇə·ḵā bə·ṭūḇ bə·ṭūḇ- bəṭūḇ bəṭūḇ- bəṭūḇəḵā betuv betuveCha miṭ·ṭūḇ miṭṭūḇ mitTuv ṭū·ḇāh ṭū·ḇām ṭū·ḇə·ḵā ṭū·ḇî ṭū·ḇōw ṭūḇ ṭūḇāh ṭūḇām ṭūḇəḵā ṭūḇî ṭūḇōw tuv tuVah tuVam tuveCha tuVi tuVo ū·ḇə·ṭū·ḇə·ḵā ū·ḇə·ṭūḇ ūḇəṭūḇ ūḇəṭūḇəḵā uveTuv uvetuveCha vetuVah wə·ṭū·ḇāh wəṭūḇāhLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 24:10 HEB: וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־ ט֥וּב אֲדֹנָ֖יו בְּיָד֑וֹ NAS: out with a variety of good things of his master's KJV: and departed; for all the goods of his master INT: and set A variety of good of his master's his hand Genesis 45:18 Genesis 45:20 Genesis 45:23 Exodus 33:19 Deuteronomy 6:11 Deuteronomy 28:47 2 Kings 8:9 Ezra 9:12 Nehemiah 9:25 Nehemiah 9:25 Nehemiah 9:35 Nehemiah 9:36 Job 20:21 Job 21:16 Psalm 25:7 Psalm 27:13 Psalm 31:19 Psalm 65:4 Psalm 119:66 Psalm 128:5 Psalm 145:7 Proverbs 11:10 Isaiah 1:19 Isaiah 63:7 32 Occurrences |
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