Lexical Summary nagar: To flow, pour out, gush forth Original Word: נָגַר Strong's Exhaustive Concordance fall, flow away, pour down out, run, shed, spilt, trickle down A primitive root; to flow; figuratively, to stretch out; causatively, to pour out or down; figuratively, to deliver over -- fall, flow away, pour down (out), run, shed, spilt, trickle down. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to pour, flow, run NASB Translation deliver (1), delivered (1), delivered over (1), flow (1), pour down (2), poured down (1), pours (1), spilled (1), stretched (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [נָגַר verb pour, flow, run (Aramaic  be long (of time), Aph`el prolong, potract; נְגַר endure, flow, stream); — Niph`al Perfect3feminine singular נִגְּרָה Psalm 77:3; Lamentations 3:49; Participle plural נִגָּרִים 2 Samuel 14:14; נִגָּרוֺת Job 20:28; — 1 be poured, spilt, 2 Samuel 14:14 (כַּמַּיִם מֻגָּרִים אַרְצָה in simile of mortality). 2 pour oneself, flow, trickle, of eye (in tears) Lamentations 3:49. 3 figurative vanish, Job 20:28 ("" גָּלָה). 4 be stretched out (?) יָדִי לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה Psalm 77:3 (or read עֵינִי ?). Hiph`il Perfect וְהִגַּרְתִּ֫י Micah 1:6; Imperfect וַיַּגֵּר Psalm 75:9; וַתַּגֵּר Ezekiel 35:5; יַגִּירֻ֫הוּ Psalm 63:11; Imperative suffix הַגִּרֵם Jeremiah 18:21; — pour down, hurl down the stones of Samaria, subject ׳י Micah 1:6; pour out, figurative of ׳יs wine-cup, Psalm 75:9; followed by עַליְֿדֵי חֶ֫רֶב = deliver over to Jeremiah 18:21; Psalm 63:11; Ezekiel 35:5. Hoph`al Participle כְּמַיִם מֻגָּרִים בְּמוֺרָד Micah 1:4 (in simile, of mountains melting at theophany. Topical Lexicon Primary Imagery And Senseנָגַר consistently communicates an uncontrolled, downward movement—liquid or solid matter emptied, spilled, or flowing away. The emphasis is not on the act of pouring so much as on the inevitable result once the contents are loosed: the flow does not return. Whether it is water, tears, blood, possessions, or even mountains, what is “poured” is now beyond human recall. The verb therefore becomes a vivid vehicle for themes of irreversibility, vulnerability, and decisive divine action. Occurrences Across Old Testament Genres 1. Narrative: 2 Samuel 14:14 places the figure in the mouth of the wise woman of Tekoa: “we will surely die and are like water spilled on the ground, which cannot be gathered again.” The simile captures the fragility of life and foreshadows the gospel hope hidden in the same verse: “But God does not take away life; instead, He devises means so that the banished one may not be cast out from Him.” The unrecoverable water contrasts with the sovereign grace that finds a way to restore. 2. Wisdom: Job 20:28 portrays wealth “flowing away on the day of God’s wrath.” No barricade can stop the draining of possessions once judgment begins. The image rebukes false confidence in material security. 3. Psalms: 4. Prophets of Judgment: Jeremiah 18:21, Ezekiel 35:5, Micah 1:4, and Micah 1:6 deploy נָגַר to dramatize the outpouring of blood, the melting of mountains, and the cascading of rubble when covenant curses fall. The shared imagery underlines that judgment is as unstoppable as gravity. 5. Poetry of Lament: Lamentations 3:49 weeps, “My eyes overflow unceasingly, without relief.” Tears pour the grief of exile onto the ground where once temple sacrifices had been offered. Theological Themes 1. Irreversible Outcome vs. Redemptive Initiative 2. Divine Wrath Properly Distributed 3. Human Frailty And Mortality 4. Creation Responding To Creator Historical Backdrop • 2 Samuel 14 arises during Absalom’s estrangement, illustrating royal family dynamics in David’s court. Ministry And Preaching Significance 1. Preaching Mortality With Hope 2. Warning Against False Security 3. Encouraging Honest Lament 4. Calling To National Repentance Christological And Eschatological Connections • The cup of wrath poured in Psalm 75:8 anticipates the cup Christ drank in Gethsemane (Matthew 26:39). What the wicked deserved was emptied upon the spotless Lamb, so that living water could flow to believers (John 7:38). Related Hebrew Imagery נָגַר stands alongside שָׁפַךְ (shaphak, to pour out) and זָלַל (zalal, to flow). All can serve judgment or blessing, but נָגַר’s nuance of downward, unstoppable motion marks it distinctly. Recognizing these shades enriches sermon exegesis, preventing a flattening of Hebrew color. Pastoral Applications • Urge personal repentance before patterns become a “spilled” life. Conclusion נָגַר paints Scripture with the hues of gravity—physical, moral, and spiritual. Whatever is loosed from God’s restraining hand will run its full course unless redeemed by the One who can gather the spilled and restore the banished. In preaching, teaching, and counseling, the term invites sober realism and vibrant hope, urging every reader to flee to the One whose blood was willingly “poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.” Forms and Transliterations הַנִּגָּרִ֣ים הנגרים וְהִגַּרְתִּ֤י וְהַגִּרֵם֮ וַיַּגֵּ֪ר וַתַּגֵּ֥ר והגרם והגרתי ויגר ותגר יַגִּירֻ֥הוּ יגירהו מֻגָּרִ֥ים מגרים נִ֝גָּר֗וֹת נִ֭גְּרָה נִגְּרָ֛ה נגרה נגרות han·nig·gā·rîm hanniggaRim hanniggārîm mug·gā·rîm muggaRim muggārîm nig·gā·rō·wṯ nig·gə·rāh niggaRot niggārōwṯ Niggerah niggərāh vaiyagGer vattagGer vehaggiRem vehiggarTi wat·tag·gêr wattaggêr way·yag·gêr wayyaggêr wə·hag·gi·rêm wə·hig·gar·tî wəhaggirêm wəhiggartî yag·gî·ru·hū yaggiRuhu yaggîruhūLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance 2 Samuel 14:14 HEB: נָמ֔וּת וְכַמַּ֙יִם֙ הַנִּגָּרִ֣ים אַ֔רְצָה אֲשֶׁ֖ר NAS: and are like water spilled on the ground KJV: and [are] as water spilt on the ground, INT: die water spilled the ground which Job 20:28 Psalm 63:10 Psalm 75:8 Psalm 77:2 Jeremiah 18:21 Lamentations 3:49 Ezekiel 35:5 Micah 1:4 Micah 1:6 10 Occurrences |
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