Lexical Summary ruq: To empty, pour out, make bare Original Word: רוּק Strong's Exhaustive Concordance arm, cast out, draw out, make empty, pour forth out A primitive root; to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e. Empty -- X arm, cast out, draw (out), (make) empty, pour forth (out). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originsee riq. Brown-Driver-Briggs [רִיק] verb Hiph`il make empty, empty out (Arabic  ( ) pour out, forth, intransitive (of water, blood, etc.); Aramaic רִיק empty, pour,  in derivatives; Assyrian rê‡u, empty); — Perfect1singular הֲרִי֫קֹתִיLeviticus 26:33; Malachi 3:10; 3plural חֵרִיקוּ Ezekiel 28:7; Ezekiel 30:11; Imperfect3masculine singular יָרִיק Habakkuk 1:17, וַיָּ֫רֶק Genesis 14:14 (but see below); Imperative masculine singular הָרֵק Psalm 35:8; Infinitive construct הָרִיק Isaiah 32:6; Participle plural מְרִיקִים Genesis 42:35; Zechariah 4:12; — 1 empty vessels Genesis 42:35 (E) Jeremiah 48:12; keep empty, לְחֶרִיק נֶפֶשׁ רָעֵב Isaiah 32:6 (i.e. keep hungry). 2 pour out or down, rain Malachi 3:10; Ecclesiastes 11:3, oil Zechariah 4:12. 3 empty out (i.e. draw) sword (compare Assyrian kakkê ittabbaku [passive], DlHWB 699 b) Exodus 15:9 (poem), Leviticus 26:33 (H), Ezekiel 5:2,12; Ezekiel 12:14; Ezekiel 28:7; Ezekiel 30:11; probably also Habakkuk 1:17 (חרבו for חרמוֺ Gie We Now); of lance Psalm 35:3; compare (several.) וירק חניכיו Genesis 14:14 (R) led forth, < Samaritan וַיָּ֫דֶק (Aramaic דּוּק Aph`el look) i.e. mustered ᵐ5 compare Di and others, ויפקּד Ball. — In Psalm 18:43 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hup-Now Bae read אֲדִקֵּם; so "" 2 Samuel 22:43 MT; but De Dr < אֲרִיקֵם (see דקק). Hoph`al be emptied out from vessel : Perfect3masculine singular הוּרק Jeremiah 48:11; Imperfect2masculine singular תּוּרַק Songs 1:3 (al. 3 feminine singular; of ointment, in simile); compare also Amos 6:6, where Oort מוּרְקֵּי for מִזְרְקֵי. Topical Lexicon Semantic Range and Imageryרוּק moves along a spectrum that stretches from drawing out what is concealed, through pouring out what is stored, to scattering what is broken. Whether the action is deliberate (Abram “drew out” his trained men, Genesis 14:14) or the consequence of divine judgment (“I will scatter you among the nations,” Leviticus 26:33), the verbal picture is one of transfer from containment to exposure. The term regularly engages three sensory images: 1. Liquid poured or drained (Ecclesiastes 11:3; Jeremiah 48:11–12; Zechariah 4:12; Malachi 3:10). These images interlock to express emptying for a purpose—blessing, warfare, discipline, or worship. Distribution and Literary Function Torah: In Genesis, Exodus, and Leviticus the verb frames covenant beginnings and stipulations. Abram “drew out” servants for a rescue (Genesis 14:14), foreshadowing Israel’s later deliverance; the enemy “drew out” a sword at the Red Sea (Exodus 15:9), showcasing the Lord’s saving reversal; covenant curses threaten national scattering (Leviticus 26:33), warning Israel against apostasy. Writings: In Psalms and Ecclesiastes רוּק colors personal lament and natural observation: “I ground them as dust on the wind; I emptied them out like mud in the streets” (Psalm 18:42) and “If the clouds are full, they pour out rain upon the earth” (Ecclesiastes 11:3). Song of Songs 1:3 elevates the verb to bridal devotion: “Your name is oil poured out,” turning emptiness into aroma. Prophets: The verb becomes a staple of judgment or restoration. Moab’s complacency (“not poured from vessel to vessel,” Jeremiah 48:11) will be shattered; Egypt will face armies that “draw their swords” (Ezekiel 30:11); Habakkuk grieves the Chaldean who continually “empties his net” (Habakkuk 1:17); yet the post-exilic promise shines, “I will… pour out for you blessing without measure” (Malachi 3:10). Covenantal Dynamics Blessing: Malachi 3:10 shows רוּק as unrestrained generosity—heaven’s windows flung open. Zechariah 4:12 pictures golden oil flowing from the olive branches into the lampstand, symbolizing the Spirit’s sustaining supply for Zerubbabel’s temple work. Curse: Leviticus 26 and Ezekiel 5–12 invert the image; Israel’s “emptying” into exile testifies that covenant disobedience produces dispersion rather than abundance. Historical Backdrop Ancient Near-Eastern wine making and warfare lie behind many usages. Wine was “decanted” to refine it (Jeremiah 48:11–12); armies “drew out” for battle (Psalm 35:3). The prophets exploit these familiar scenes to make Israel’s history the canvas for divine action—either refinement or ruin. Theological and Spiritual Themes 1. Divine Sovereignty: God controls the pouring and the scattering. What people think they control—armies, wealth, harvest—can be emptied at His word. Christological and Eschatological Trajectories The verb prepares the way for the Gospel’s vocabulary of “pouring out.” Isaiah’s Servant “poured out His life unto death” (Isaiah 53:12), fulfilled when Christ “emptied Himself” (Philippians 2:7). Pentecost sees the Spirit “poured out” on all flesh (Acts 2:17), echoing Malachi’s overflowing storehouses and Zechariah’s golden oil. Pastoral and Missional Applications • Stewardship: Malachi’s call to bring the tithe invites believers to trust the God who still “pours out” blessing. Canonical Coherence רוּק threads Scripture with a movement from containment to release. Whether rain from clouds, oil from branches, men from cities, or blessings from heaven, the same sovereign hand directs the flow. This coherence reinforces the unity of the Testaments and substantiates the promise that what God once poured out in judgment He now pours out in salvation, culminating in the gospel and awaiting final consummation when every vessel is filled with His glory. Forms and Transliterations אֲרִיקֵֽם׃ אָרִ֣יק אָרִ֥יק אריק אריקם׃ הַֽמְרִיקִ֥ים הוּרַ֤ק הורק המריקים וְהֵרִ֤יקוּ וְהָ֘רֵ֤ק וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י וַיָּ֨רֶק והריקו והריקתי והרק וירק יָרִ֔יקוּ יָרִ֣יק יריק יריקו לְהָרִיק֙ להריק מְרִיקִ֣ים מריקים תּוּרַ֣ק תורק ’ă·rî·qêm ’ā·rîq ’ārîq ’ărîqêm aRik ariKem ham·rî·qîm hamriKim hamrîqîm hū·raq huRak hūraq lə·hā·rîq lehaRik ləhārîq mə·rî·qîm meriKim mərîqîm tū·raq tuRak tūraq vaharikoTi vaiYarek veHaRek veheRiku wa·hă·rî·qō·ṯî wahărîqōṯî way·yā·req wayyāreq wə·hā·rêq wə·hê·rî·qū wəhārêq wəhêrîqū yā·rî·qū yā·rîq yaRik yaRiku yārîq yārîqūLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 14:14 HEB: נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אָחִ֑יו וַיָּ֨רֶק אֶת־ חֲנִיכָ֜יו KJV: was taken captive, he armed his trained INT: had been taken his relative armed his trained born Genesis 42:35 Exodus 15:9 Leviticus 26:33 Psalm 18:42 Psalm 35:3 Ecclesiastes 11:3 Songs 1:3 Isaiah 32:6 Jeremiah 48:11 Jeremiah 48:12 Ezekiel 5:2 Ezekiel 5:12 Ezekiel 12:14 Ezekiel 28:7 Ezekiel 30:11 Habakkuk 1:17 Zechariah 4:12 Malachi 3:10 19 Occurrences |
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