Jesus the Good Shepherd 1“Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever does not enter the sheepfold by the gate, but climbs in some other way, is a thief and a robber. 2But the one who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep. 3The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep listen for his voice. He calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. 4When he has brought out all his own, he goes on ahead of them, and his sheep follow him because they know his voice. 5But they will never follow a stranger; in fact, they will flee from him because they do not recognize his voice.” 6Jesus spoke to them using this illustration, but they did not understand what He was telling them. 7So He said to them again, “Truly, truly, I tell you, I am the gate for the sheep. 8All who came before Mea were thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them. 9I am the gate. If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved. He will come in and go out and find pasture. 10The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I have come that they may have life, and have it in all its fullness. 11I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep. 12The hired hand is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own. When he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock. 13The man runs away because he is a hired servant and is unconcerned for the sheep. 14I am the good shepherd. I know My sheep and My sheep know Me, 15just as the Father knows Me and I know the Father. And I lay down My life for the sheep. 16I have other sheep that are not of this fold. I must bring them in as well, and they will listen to My voice. Then there will be one flock and one shepherd. 17The reason the Father loves Me is that I lay down My life in order to take it up again. 18No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of My own accord. I have authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from My Father.” 19Again there was division among the Jews because of Jesus’ message. 20Many of them said, “He is demon-possessed and insane. Why would you listen to Him?” 21But others replied, “These are not the words of a man possessed by a demon. Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?” Jesus at the Feast of Dedication 22At that time the Feast of Dedicationb took place in Jerusalem. It was winter, 23and Jesus was walking in the temple courtsc in Solomon’s Colonnade. 24So the Jews gathered around Him and demanded, “How long will You keep us in suspense? If You are the Christ, tell us plainly.” 25“I already told you,” Jesus replied, “but you did not believe. The works I do in My Father’s name testify on My behalf. 26But because you are not My sheep, you refuse to believe. 27My sheep listen to My voice; I know them, and they follow Me. 28I give them eternal life, and they will never perish. No one can snatch them out of My hand. 29My Father who has given them to Me is greater than all. No one can snatch them out of My Father’s hand. 30I and the Father are one.” 31At this, the Jews again picked up stones to stone Him. 32But Jesus responded, “I have shown you many good works from the Father. For which of these do you stone Me?” 33“We are not stoning You for any good work,” said the Jews, “but for blasphemy, because You, who are a man, make Yourself out to be God.” 34Jesus replied, “Is it not written in your Law: ‘I have said you are gods’d? 35If he called them gods to whom the word of God came—and the Scripture cannot be broken— 36then what about the One whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world? How then can you accuse Me of blasphemy for stating that I am the Son of God? 37If I am not doing the works of My Father, then do not believe Me. 38But if I am doing them, even though you do not believe Me, believe the works themselves, so that you may know and understand that the Father is in Me, and I am in the Father.” 39At this, they tried again to seize Him, but He escaped their grasp. John’s Testimony Confirmed 40Then Jesus went back across the Jordan to the place where John had first been baptizing, and He stayed there. 41Many came to Him and said, “Although John never performed a sign, everything he said about this man was true.” 42And many in that place believed in Jesus. Footnotes: 8 a BYZ All who came 22 b That is, Hanukkah, the historic celebration of the Maccabean Revolt and rededication of the temple 23 c Literally the temple 34 d Psalm 82:6 Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  John 10 Summary Jesus the Good ShepherdVerses 1–6 – The Door and the Thieves Verses 7–10 – Jesus the Door of the Sheep Verses 11–18 – The Good Shepherd Verses 19–21 – Division among the Jews Verses 22–30 – The Feast of Dedication and Eternal Security Verses 31–39 – Accusation of Blasphemy and Escape Verses 40–42 – Ministry Beyond the Jordan John 10 continues the rich metaphorical discourse of Jesus, presenting the compelling imagery of the shepherd and the sheep. Through His teachings, Jesus elucidates His unique roles as the Good Shepherd and the gate for the sheep, offering a deeper understanding of His divine mission, sacrificial love, and assurance of eternal life. Historical Setting John 10 unfolds in Jerusalem. Verses 22-23 locate Jesus at the Feast of Dedication, known today as Hanukkah, held in December to remember the rededication of the temple after the Maccabean revolt (165 BC). Solomon’s Colonnade, a covered walkway on the temple’s east side, shielded worshipers from winter winds. Sheep and Shepherd Life in First-Century Judea • Shepherds commonly led flocks by voice; the sheep learned individual calls. • Nighttime stone folds, often communal, had a single narrow opening. A watchman or the shepherd himself lay across that space—literally becoming the door. • Thieves scaled walls under cover of darkness, matching Jesus’ image of false leaders. Archaeological Insights on Sheepfolds Excavations near Tekoa and Bethlehem reveal low rock enclosures with mud-plastered tops—hard to climb quietly. Some larger folds had a rough wooden gate hung on leather loops; smaller ones relied on the shepherd’s body as the barrier. These finds bring texture to verses 1–3 and 7–9. Key Old Testament Connections • Ezekiel 34 condemns bad shepherds and promises God Himself will “search for My sheep.” Jesus claims that role. • Psalm 23’s “The LORD is my shepherd” rings behind “I am the good shepherd.” • Numbers 27:17 shows Moses asking for a leader so Israel is not “like sheep without a shepherd.” Jesus fills that request. • Zechariah 11 warns of worthless shepherds; Jesus contrasts them with His care. Prophetic Foreshadowing of Ezekiel 34 Ezekiel promised one shepherd “My servant David.” By linking birthplace (Bethlehem), lineage (David’s line), and shepherd imagery, Jesus fulfills that hope, uniting Jew and Gentile into “one flock” (10:16). Divinity Claims and Psalm 82 Accused of blasphemy (10:33), Jesus reasons: if Scripture called human judges “gods,” how much more the One “set apart” by the Father (10:36). He is not lowering divinity but lifting eyes to His unique oneness with the Father (10:30), echoed in Colossians 1:19 and Hebrews 1:3. Life and Abundance: Linking Genesis to Revelation “Life in all its fullness” (10:10) ties Eden’s lost life (Genesis 3) to the river of life in Revelation 22. Jesus stands at the center of the story, restoring what was broken. Eternal Security in Jesus’ Hand Verses 28-29 use double assurance: His hand and the Father’s hand. Compare Romans 8:38-39 “nothing… will separate us,” and 1 Peter 1:5 “shielded by God’s power.” Safety rests on who holds, not who is held. The Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah) and Its Significance The feast honored temple cleansing from pagan idols. In that setting Jesus offers Himself as the true, undefiled temple (John 2:21). The lights of Hanukkah frame Him as “the light of the world” (John 8:12). Contrast with False Leaders Hired hands (10:12-13): • Serve for pay, leave in danger. • Picture the religious elite who exploited people (Matthew 23:4). The Good Shepherd: • Knows by name (Isaiah 43:1). • Gives life, not burdens. • Stays through the wolf attack—ultimately the cross. Practical Takeaways for Today • Listen for His voice through Scripture and prayer; familiarity grows trust. • Evaluate leaders: do they reflect the Shepherd’s self-giving heart or the thief’s self-gain? • Rest in the double grip of Jesus and the Father—confidence fuels bold living. • Join His mission to gather “other sheep”—share the Shepherd’s call beyond familiar folds. Summary John 10 moves from picture to promise: the Shepherd who speaks, walks ahead, lays down His life, and rises to gather one worldwide flock that can never be stolen. Connections to Additional Scriptures Psalm 23This psalm beautifully complements John 10, portraying the Lord as a shepherd who provides, guides, and protects. Ezekiel 34:11-16 God promises to be the Shepherd of His people, seeking out the lost and caring for them, foreshadowing Jesus' role. 1 Peter 5:4 Jesus is referred to as the Chief Shepherd, affirming His ultimate authority and care for His flock. Teaching Points The Good Shepherd's IdentityJesus declares, I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11). This statement emphasizes His sacrificial love and divine authority. The Relationship with the Sheep Jesus says, I know My sheep and My sheep know Me (John 10:14). This mutual knowledge signifies a personal and intimate relationship. The Door to Salvation Jesus proclaims, I am the door. If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved (John 10:9). He is the exclusive way to eternal life. Contrast with False Shepherds Jesus warns against thieves and robbers who come to steal and kill and destroy (John 10:10), highlighting the danger of false teachings and leaders. The Promise of Abundant Life Jesus offers life to the full (John 10:10), indicating a life enriched by His presence and guidance. Practical Applications Trust in Jesus' LeadershipRely on Jesus as your Shepherd, knowing He leads with love and wisdom. Cultivate a Personal Relationship Spend time in prayer and Scripture to deepen your relationship with Jesus, recognizing His voice in your life. Discernment Against False Teachings Be vigilant against teachings that contradict the truth of the Gospel, ensuring your beliefs align with Scripture. Embrace Abundant Life Live out the fullness of life Jesus offers by walking in His ways and sharing His love with others. People 1. Jesus (the Good Shepherd)Jesus is the central figure in John 10, where He describes Himself as the "Good Shepherd" who lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11). The Greek term used here is "ποιμήν" (poimēn), which means shepherd, emphasizing His role as a caretaker and protector of His followers. 2. The Sheep The sheep represent the followers of Jesus, those who hear His voice and follow Him (John 10:3-4). In the Greek, "πρόβατα" (probaton) is used, symbolizing believers who are under the care of the Good Shepherd. 3. The Thief The thief is mentioned as one who comes to steal, kill, and destroy (John 10:10). This figure represents those who seek to harm the flock, often interpreted as false teachers or spiritual adversaries. The Greek word "κλέπτης" (kleptēs) is used, indicating someone who takes unlawfully. 4. The Hired Hand (Hireling) The hired hand is described as someone who does not own the sheep and abandons them when danger comes (John 10:12-13). This person is contrasted with the Good Shepherd, highlighting a lack of genuine care. The Greek term "μισθωτός" (misthōtos) refers to a hired worker. 5. The Wolf The wolf is a predator that scatters and attacks the sheep (John 10:12). This figure is often seen as a representation of external threats to the church or community of believers. The Greek word "λύκος" (lykos) is used, denoting a literal or metaphorical wolf. 6. The Father God the Father is referenced by Jesus as the one who knows Him and has given Him authority over the sheep (John 10:15, 17-18). The relationship between Jesus and the Father is central to the chapter, emphasizing divine authority and mission. Places 1. SheepfoldThis is a metaphorical place mentioned in John 10:1. In the context of the passage, the sheepfold represents a place of safety and security for the sheep, symbolizing the community of believers. The Greek term used here is "αὐλή" (aulē), which can refer to a courtyard or enclosure. 2. Jerusalem While not explicitly mentioned in John 10, the events of this chapter occur in the context of Jesus' ministry in and around Jerusalem. The chapter follows the events of John 9, which take place in Jerusalem, and leads into the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah) in John 10:22, which is celebrated in Jerusalem. 3. Solomon's Colonnade (or Porch) Mentioned in John 10:23, this is a specific location within the temple complex in Jerusalem where Jesus walked during the Feast of Dedication. The Greek term "στοά" (stoa) refers to a covered walkway or portico, and this particular colonnade was named after King Solomon. Events 1. The Parable of the Good Shepherd (John 10:1-6)Jesus begins by describing the relationship between the shepherd and his sheep. He emphasizes that the true shepherd enters by the gate, while a thief or robber climbs in another way. The sheep recognize the shepherd's voice and follow him. This parable sets the stage for understanding Jesus as the true shepherd. 2. Jesus as the Gate for the Sheep (John 10:7-10) Jesus declares, "I am the gate for the sheep" (John 10:7). He explains that those who enter through Him will be saved and will find pasture. This metaphor highlights Jesus as the exclusive means of salvation and protection, contrasting with the thieves who come to steal, kill, and destroy. 3. Jesus as the Good Shepherd (John 10:11-18) Jesus proclaims, "I am the good shepherd" (John 10:11). He contrasts Himself with hired hands who abandon the sheep when danger comes. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep, indicating His sacrificial love and commitment. Jesus also speaks of other sheep not of this fold, referring to Gentiles, and His authority to lay down His life and take it up again. 4. Division Among the Jews (John 10:19-21) The teachings of Jesus cause division among the Jews. Some accuse Him of being demon-possessed and insane, while others recognize the authority and truth in His words, especially in light of His healing of the blind man. 5. The Feast of Dedication and Jesus' Claim of Unity with the Father (John 10:22-30) During the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah), Jesus is questioned about His identity. He affirms His unity with the Father, saying, "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30). This statement underscores His divine nature and authority. 6. The Jews Attempt to Stone Jesus (John 10:31-39) In response to Jesus' claim of unity with the Father, the Jews attempt to stone Him for blasphemy. Jesus defends His works and challenges their understanding of Scripture, referencing Psalm 82:6. Despite their hostility, He escapes their grasp. 7. Jesus Retreats Across the Jordan (John 10:40-42) Jesus withdraws to the place where John the Baptist had been baptizing. Many people come to Him there, and they believe in Him, acknowledging the truth of John's testimony about Jesus. Topics 1. The Good Shepherd and His Sheep (John 10:1-6)In this passage, Jesus uses the metaphor of a shepherd and his sheep to describe His relationship with His followers. He emphasizes the importance of recognizing His voice and following Him. The Greek word for "shepherd" (ποιμήν, poimēn) highlights the role of a caretaker and guide. 2. Jesus as the Gate for the Sheep (John 10:7-10) Jesus declares Himself to be the "gate" for the sheep, indicating that He is the only way to salvation and safety. The Greek term for "gate" (θύρα, thyra) signifies an entry point, emphasizing exclusivity and protection. 3. The Good Shepherd Lays Down His Life (John 10:11-18) Jesus contrasts Himself with hired hands, stating that He is the Good Shepherd who willingly lays down His life for the sheep. The Greek word for "good" (καλός, kalos) implies noble and worthy, underscoring His sacrificial love. 4. Division Among the Jews (John 10:19-21) The teachings of Jesus cause division among the Jews, with some accusing Him of being demon-possessed while others recognize the truth in His words. This division highlights the varied responses to Jesus' claims and miracles. 5. The Feast of Dedication and Jesus' Deity (John 10:22-30) During the Feast of Dedication, Jesus affirms His deity by stating, "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30). The Greek word for "one" (ἕν, hen) indicates unity in essence, reinforcing the concept of the Trinity. 6. Accusation of Blasphemy and Jesus' Defense (John 10:31-39) The Jews attempt to stone Jesus for blasphemy because He claims to be God. Jesus defends His position by referencing Scripture and His works, which testify to His divine authority. 7. Many Believe in Jesus Beyond the Jordan (John 10:40-42) Jesus retreats beyond the Jordan River, where many people come to believe in Him. This section highlights the growing acceptance of Jesus' message and the spread of His influence beyond Jerusalem. Themes 1. Jesus as the Good ShepherdJesus identifies Himself as the "good shepherd" who lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11). The Greek word for "good" (καλός, kalos) implies noble and worthy, emphasizing Jesus' sacrificial and caring nature. 2. The Sheepfold and the Door Jesus describes Himself as the "door" of the sheep (John 10:7). This metaphor highlights His role as the only legitimate entry point to salvation and safety, contrasting with thieves and robbers who come to harm. 3. The Relationship Between Shepherd and Sheep The intimate relationship between Jesus and His followers is emphasized, as the sheep recognize His voice and follow Him (John 10:3-4). The Greek term for "voice" (φωνή, phōnē) underscores the personal and recognizable call of Christ to His own. 4. The Thief and the Robber Jesus warns of false leaders who come to "steal, kill, and destroy" (John 10:10). This theme contrasts the destructive intentions of false teachers with the life-giving mission of Christ. 5. Abundant Life Jesus promises that He came so that His followers "may have life, and have it in all its fullness" (John 10:10). The Greek word for "fullness" (περισσός, perissos) suggests a superabundant, overflowing life that Jesus offers. 6. Unity with the Father Jesus declares His unity with the Father, stating, "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30). This profound statement underscores the divine nature of Christ and His oneness in essence and purpose with God. 7. Security of the Believer Jesus assures that no one can snatch His sheep out of His hand or the Father's hand (John 10:28-29). This theme emphasizes the eternal security and protection provided by the divine power of Christ and the Father. 8. Rejection and Division The chapter also highlights the division among the Jews in response to Jesus' claims (John 10:19-21). This theme reflects the varied reactions to Jesus' identity and message, which continue to provoke belief and disbelief. Answering Tough Questions 1. If Jesus and the Father are “one” (John 10:30), doesn’t that conflict with strict monotheism elsewhere in Scripture? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What does the parable of the shepherd and the sheep reveal about the nature of Jesus' relationship with His followers? 2. How does Jesus' role as the gate for the sheep relate to themes of salvation and protection? 3. In what ways does Jesus distinguish Himself from the hired hands in His role as the Good Shepherd? 4. How does Jesus' willing sacrifice for His sheep reflect His divine love and mission? 5. How do the contrasting reactions to Jesus' teachings among the Jews reflect different responses to spiritual truth today? 6. How does Jesus handle opposition and threats to His life in this chapter? 7. How can Jesus' assurance of eternal life and protection to His sheep comfort and inspire you in your faith journey? 8. How does Jesus' claim of unity with the Father deepen your understanding of His divine identity? 9. What lessons does this chapter offer about the role of works as a testimony of one's faith? 10. How do you interpret Jesus' statement, "My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me" in your personal spiritual journey? 11. How does this chapter illuminate the concept of spiritual leadership and guidance? 12. What can we learn from the faith of those who believed in Jesus across the Jordan? 13. How does the imagery of the shepherd and the sheep inform your understanding of community within the Christian faith? 14. What does Jesus' interaction with the Jews during the Feast of Dedication reveal about His approach to confrontation? 15. Reflect on the idea of abundant life as presented by Jesus. How does this idea manifest in your personal faith experience? 16. How does the chapter challenge traditional religious authority through the character of the Pharisees? 17. In what ways does this chapter encourage perseverance in faith amidst opposition and misunderstanding? 18. Reflect on Jesus' teachings in this chapter. How do they inform your understanding of His mission and identity? 19. How does the theme of division in response to Jesus' teachings relate to contemporary societal reactions to spiritual truths? 20. Reflect on the entire chapter. How does the story of the Good Shepherd influence your understanding of Jesus' role in your life? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions |
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